So how did the stem rot of wheat happen and how to prevent it? This paper summarizes the occurrence and prevention of this disease, and hopes that everyone will remain vigilant and take precautions.
Wheat stem rot is a soil-borne disease caused by pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium pseudograminearum and Fusarium graminearum, which can occur during wheat seedling emergence to grain filling maturity. When wheat seedlings were infected by pathogenic bacteria, brown or black spots appeared on the roots, which seriously led to root rot and wheat seedling death. At tillering and jointing stage, the pathogen further infected from the root of wheat to the base of stem, and the leaf sheath at the base of stem gradually turned dark brown without striated lesions. With the development of the disease, the stem base of wheat turns dark brown, and white or pink mold layer is produced between nodes. In the late stage of wheat growth, when the disease is serious, the tillering node at the base of wheat stem dies and the wheat ear appears white. When wheat is pulled out of the ground, the stem base of the plant is easy to break, the root hair and the epidermis of the main root of the plant fall off, and the root cap turns dark brown.
The main causes of serious wheat stem rot are as follows:
1, continuous rotation for many years, straw returned to the field. In many places, wheat and corn are widely cultivated twice a year, and straw is returned to the field. A large number of wheat and corn stalks with bacteria accumulate on the soil surface, which makes pathogenic bacteria accumulate continuously and easily infect damaged roots, leading to the aggravation of wheat stem rot.
2. The resistance of varieties is poor. The resistance of different wheat varieties to stem-base rot is obviously different, and the resistance to stem-base rot is poor or no, which is beneficial to the occurrence of wheat stem-base rot.
3. Planting management. Some bad planting management measures, such as shallow rotary tillage, early sowing date, large sowing amount, excessive fertilization and so on, will lead to the damage of wheat root system and further promote the occurrence of stem rot.
After talking about the causes of wheat stem rot, how to effectively control it? Bian Xiao summed up the following points:
1. Selection of disease-resistant varieties: Different wheat varieties have different resistance to stem rot, so the disease-resistant varieties should be selected reasonably according to soil water and fertilizer conditions, sowing date and management level.
2. Rotation stubble: Reasonable rotation stubble can effectively avoid the occurrence of wheat stem rot. Generally speaking, wheat can be rotated and stubble-stubble-stubble-stubble-stubble-stubble-stubble-stubble-stubble-stubble-stubble-stubble-stubble-stubble-stubble-stubble-stubble-stubble.
3. Deep ploughing: Before sowing wheat, deep plough the soil for 25-30cm, turn the surface disease residues into the deep layer, reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria, and loosen the soil to improve the disease resistance.
4. Scientific fertilization and timely sowing: balanced fertilization, attention to controlling the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, timely late sowing, mechanical sowing and even sowing can alleviate wheat stem rot.
5. Seed treatment: Syngenta kulas or Weber can be used to coat the light field, so as to reduce the pathogen base and harm; Syngenta's new patented seed coating agent, Trifluoropyrimidine, can be used for seed coating, timely watering the turning green water, and combining the turning green period with color spraying for comprehensive control.