How to convert solar energy into electric energy?

If the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor are closely combined, or because of different doping, one side of the semiconductor is made of P-type semiconductor and the other side is made of N-type semiconductor. Because of the mutual diffusion of electrons and holes, a p-n junction is formed, and a built-in electric field from the N-type region to the P-type region is formed on both sides of the junction. When light is irradiated, many electron-hole pairs are generated in these silicon semiconductors doped with a small amount of trivalent or pentavalent elements. Under the action of built-in electric field, electrons move to N-type region and holes move to P-type region. In this way, there are many electrons in the N-type region and many holes in the p-n junction, and a photogenerated electric field opposite to the built-in electric field is formed near the P-N junction, part of which cancels out the built-in electric field, and the rest. This phenomenon is called "photovoltaic effect". Solar cells are made of silicon, gallium arsenide, cadmium sulfide, etc. It is made of raw materials, mixed with proper amount of impurities and processed by strict technology. If a load is connected at both ends of the battery, the electrons and holes separated by the junction will be collected through the grid line on the surface of the solar cell, and a photovoltaic current will be generated in the external circuit. The solar power generation system consists of 1 and solar panels. The solar panels are the core and the most valuable part of the solar power generation system. Its function is to convert the radiant energy of the sun into electric energy, or send it to the storage battery for storage, or push the load to work. 2. Solar controller: The function of the solar controller is to control the working state of the whole system and protect the battery from being overcharged and overdischarged. 3. Battery: Generally lead-acid battery. In small systems, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries or lithium batteries can also be used. Its function is to store the electric energy generated by solar panels when there is light, and then release it when needed. At present, 1 m2 photovoltaic solar panels need 3000-4000 yuan, plus other equipment, the average investment of a solar roof is 1.5 million yuan. At present, the price is too expensive and the power generation per unit area is small. Follow-up: Can you talk about the main structures of solar panels and controllers? Thank you for your answer: Sorry, that's a patent. You can buy related products for research.