Sovereign terms, also known as independent claims, are a collection of technical features necessary to complete an invention.
Dependent clauses, also called dependent claims, are a better collection of technical features based on the completion of sovereign clauses.
The dependent claims completely contain the independent claims they refer to.
From the point of view of technical characteristics, sovereign terms include the sum of all necessary technical characteristics. Subordinate right is the extension of sovereign right, and a subordinate right is all necessary technical features+some or all non-essential technical features.
(2) Determination of patent infringement
Judging by subordinate clauses is one-sided. The principle of equivalence and full coverage, the principle of complete treatment of technical features, the principle of taking the content of claims as the standard, the principle of patent validity, the principle of repeated designation and the principle of estoppel are generally adopted to judge patent infringement.
A, such as claim ABCD, the alleged behavior ABCD or ABCDE are all covered, so they are all infringement.
Claim ABCD, the alleged behavior ABC, is not completely covered, so it is not infringing.
For example, B stands for ABCD, and the accused behavior ABCE, if D=E, is equivalent to infringement, and vice versa.