Ma Feng, Liu Yuchao and Yang Shuchang
(Tianjin Geological Information Museum)
Abstract Use MAPGIS platform, ACCESS database and ORACLE database to establish geographical base maps, Spatial database and attribute database of original geological data, resultant geological data, and physical geological data information, develop geological data statistical analysis, geological map drawing, three-dimensional geological body modeling and other functions, and build a geological data one-map management information based on the MAPGIS platform System to realize the integration of geological data to promote the secondary development and social utilization of geological data.
Keywords geological data data integration information system one picture management
0 Introduction
The geological data formed in geological work are divided into original geological data and results Geological data and physical geological data are managed and provided for use by collection institutions. The Tianjin Geological Archives collects nearly 3,000 files of Tianjin area data. The earliest one was "Geology near Panshan Mountain" formed in 1931. The geological data in the collection is huge, but the information is scattered. In order to facilitate the use of borrowers, a large amount of file management work has been carried out in recent years, a geological data catalog database has been established, digital storage of geological data has been carried out, and a geological results browsing system has been developed.
With the rapid development of urban construction, the demand for geological data has become increasingly urgent. In the past, it took a long time to provide geological data, which was difficult to meet the work requirements in the new era. This requires us to organize, summarize and integrate past geological data so that we can provide geological data in a timely, fast and accurate manner. Based on this purpose, combined with the current technological development of geographic information systems and the results of Tianjin's urban geology work, an idea for the construction of a one-map management information system for Tianjin's geological data was proposed. That is, based on the MAPGIS platform, integrated management of storage, browsing, and utilization of geological data information is realized.
1 Structure of the one-map management information system for geological data
1.1 Composition of geological data information
To establish a one-map management information system for geological data, it must be centralized The information of all geological data in the collection is mainly divided into four aspects: geographical base map information, including geographical base maps and remote sensing images; result geological data, including result reports and maps; original geological data, including field surveys, drilling, Basic information on all geological work including testing, geophysical prospecting, geochemical prospecting, and observation; physical geological data mainly records photos, images and other information of the physical object. This information is stored by establishing attribute databases and spatial databases. The data structure of a graph of geological data is shown in Figure 1.
1.2 Professional classification of geological data information
Based on the geological data classification standards in the description requirements of the resulting geological data catalog database, and combined with the progress of Tianjin’s geological work and the actual situation of geological data utilization, here The system divides geological data into ten categories according to geological majors: basic geology, engineering geology, hydrogeology, environmental geology, solid mineral geology, geothermal geology, geophysics, geochemistry, remote sensing and others. kind.
Figure 1 A picture data structure of geological data
2 Database construction
2.1 Selection of database construction platform
The database is divided into Attribute database and spatial attribute library. The attribute database is constructed using the widely used database software ACCESS software; the spatial attribute database is constructed using the MAPGIS system platform, which is most widely used in the domestic land system, is familiar to professionals, and has been used in graphic files of previous geological survey results; the formed attribute data and spatial data Utilize ORACLE database software storage management in the server.
2.2 Spatial database construction
Spatial graphics database includes basic geospatial database and geological results information spatial database.
The geographical base map uses Tianjin’s 1:1 million, 1:50,000 and 1:10,000 basic geographical data as a spatial reference. It is supplemented with current data in accordance with the geological and geographical base map compilation standards. , after comprehensive mapping and summary, the basic geographical layer of this system is established. Spatial data is divided into water system layer, highway layer, railway layer, residential stratum, and administrative division layer.
During the operation of the system, the base map adopts a hierarchical display method to display different geographical location accuracy at different scales to achieve coordination between visual beauty and work accuracy.
Based on the geographical base map, in the graphic editing system of MAPGIS, input the geographical coordinates of each geological working point to form the spatial data of the work area; input the geological element information of various geological maps to form Geological results spatial data. Spatial data is stored in three structures of MAPGIS system files: point (*.WT), line (*.WL), and surface (*.WP). The graphics elements, line types, colors, and patterns of the spatial database are compiled according to the corresponding geological and mineral mapping standards. Newly added graphics elements and patterns that do not have standard specifications are uniformly numbered and commented.
Remote sensing images use satellite photos with a spatial resolution of 0.6 meters. Overlay it with the geographical base map in the system and use it to compare with each other.
2.3 Construction of attribute database
Attribute database includes basic geographical information database and geological information database.
The basic geographic information database stores attribute information of administrative regions, administrative boundaries, residential areas, transportation, rivers, lakes and other natural and social elements.
The geological information attribute library stores original geological data and information directly obtained or collected through instruments, laboratory analysis or field observation during geological surveys. Including the original data of geomorphological survey and observation, the original data of drilling and trenching and various test data, the ground subsidence monitoring facilities and original data obtained in the geological disaster survey, the original data of groundwater monitoring, the original data of geothermal well monitoring, and the environmental geochemical survey Original soil, groundwater, and surface water sampling data obtained from the project; original geophysical exploration data, physical geological data, and aggregated result data. A series of ACCESS data tables were designed to decompose basic geographical information and geological information into each table. For example, in the basic geological design category, we designed the basic situation table of bedrock geological boreholes, the stratified table of bedrock geological boreholes, the basic information of Cenozoic geological boreholes, the stratified table of Cenozoic geological boreholes, and the sporopollen of Cenozoic geological boreholes. Data tables, Cenozoic geological borehole microbody combination tables, Cenozoic geological borehole dating results data tables, etc. are organically linked to professional ACCESS data tables through primary keys such as geological projects and boreholes.
Taking the engineering geology major as an example, the data generated during the exploration work mainly includes three aspects: basic drilling information, drilling in-situ test information and drilling sample test data; the work is ultimately submitted to engineering geology Exploration report. Based on the actual situation of engineering geology work in Tianjin, 15 data tables based on ACCESS software were initially established, as shown in Figure 2. Engineering geological data information is stored through these 15 data tables.
Figure 2 Structural diagram of engineering geology drilling data table
Among these 15 tables, the basic drilling information is the main table, and the other tables in the test data table and test data table are The sub-table, the borehole basic information table and the water sample water quality analysis table are linked through the project number, and the borehole basic information table and other tables are linked through the borehole number.
The submitted exploration report, drawings and attachments are in PDF format and are associated with the project name in the basic drilling information table.
3 Geological data one map management information system functions
3.1 Basic GIS operation functions
Be able to display the map in the browser and display it in the browser Implement basic operations on the map. Map display includes the display of geographical elements and geological data; map browsing operations include moving, zooming in, zooming out, refreshing, resetting, distance measurement, area measurement, layer control, etc.
3.2 Result information query and browsing function
Information query is to display the results that meet the requirements within the query range through click query, circle query, rectangle query, arbitrary polygon query, etc. Object attribute list, and use the corresponding relationship between graphics and attributes to realize data query and rapid positioning of geological points; information browsing is based on query, and through the display plug-in, you can quickly browse and view the result report and attachments of each geological project Pictures and attachments.
3.3 Statistical analysis function of data
According to the requirements of data statistics, the data in the statistical unit is counted. The statistical indicators include sample number, maximum value, minimum value, and average value. , mean square error, coefficient of variation, etc., the statistical results can be output into a table file, see Figure 3.
Through the statistical analysis function, the classified statistical information of geological data in user-specified areas or conditions can be calculated, and corresponding statistical charts can be generated in the form of curve charts, histograms, scatter charts, pie charts, Three-dimensional histogram, three-dimensional pie chart, etc., see Figure 4.
3.4 Drawing function of corresponding geological maps
Drawing of borehole location plan: Extract the location of boreholes and borehole classification information through the engineering geological database, and combine the borehole locations and borehole classification information that reflect the work area. The hole information is projected onto the geographical base map to form a plan position map of the borehole;
Preparation of column diagrams and cross-section diagrams: According to the user-selected boreholes and pre-made templates, according to a certain standard style Plot, automatically generate borehole histograms for each specialty;
Figure 3 Statistical output chart of physical and mechanical parameters of engineering geological soil layers
Figure 4 Statistical analysis output chart of various geological data information< /p>
Compilation of contour maps: Automatically generate strata within a specified range based on the drilling location, layer top burial depth, layer bottom burial depth, layer thickness or other relevant data and drilling data in the database. Contour map;
Preparation of comprehensive analysis geological map: for example, calculation of water quality analysis of borehole groundwater, calculating the corrosiveness of each point, according to the editing method of contour map, Compile comprehensive analytical geological maps.
3.5 Visualization function of the three-dimensional model
First, establish a consistent, macroscopic, stratigraphic division scheme with fixed sequences throughout the region, and the system will The sequence-regular stratigraphic model adopts the automatic construction technology of "drilling → section → stratigraphic entity", which can quickly, automatically and dynamically establish a three-dimensional stratigraphic structure model within a specified range based on drilling, section and other data; for complex geological problems, The computer cannot automatically establish a three-dimensional model of a geological body or geological structure based entirely on data such as sections, such as a bedrock geological model with fault development. An interactive modeling method based on cross sections is used to divide the space by using multiple cross sections in the modeling area. into multiple cells; the smallest unit of modeling is each cell. A series of closed contour lines in a single cell are used to establish a surface patch, and then the spatial geometry of all geological bodies in the cell is determined to form a cell. geological blocks, and finally merge the geological blocks of each unit to form a complete geological body model.
The formed three-dimensional geological body can be cut in a variety of ways, such as plane sectioning, horizontal sectioning, oblique sectioning, polyline vertical sectioning, combined sectioning, etc., to display the geological conditions of the cutting surface; in three-dimensional In the geological body, virtual boreholes can be created by analyzing the stratigraphic structure and properties encountered during drilling and combined with known surrounding drilling data to obtain the stratigraphic structure and properties just like drilling; tunnel cutting is performed on the three-dimensional geological body, and the system performs tunnel cutting on the three-dimensional geological body. The set path (arbitrary fluctuations) and tunnel cross-section (rectangular, circular, arch) parameters generate the cutting method of the tunnel model. Through the cutting of the tunnel and the geological body, the geological body in the tunnel is dug out, leaving only the zone on the wall. There is a lithological tunnel cavity; next, the user can change the scene according to the path and perspective, roam in the tunnel, and view the changes in stratigraphic distribution within the tunnel, as shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5 Rendering of Tunnel Roaming
4 Conclusion
With the rapid development of computer technology and geographic information systems, the role of computer-aided management and decision-making will continue to increase. Getting stronger and stronger. Through the construction of a geological data one-map management system, geological data management not only functions as a warehouse, but closely links file management and geological results management, realizing the organic integration and clustering of geological data. The secondary development and utilization of geological data is of great significance.