develop
China has a long history of handmade wood. A stone saw indirectly made of flint in the late Paleolithic period 16000 ~ 23000 years ago unearthed in Xia Chuan, Shanxi; /kloc-During the Neolithic Age from 0/0000 to 4000 years ago, wood-making tools such as stone axe, stone hairpin, stone saw and clam saw appeared. After 22 1 year BC, iron double saws were used. The coffin unearthed in Mawangdui, Hunan Province proves that 2 100 years ago, the handmade wood in China had reached a fairly developed level. With the continuous development of wood processing industry, there are more and more kinds of sawing machines. 1348 Germany began to use frame saws, 1777 Holland began to use circular saws, and 1808 band saws were patented in Britain. China's mechanical timber-making began at 1898, and the Middle East Railway Bureau set up a timber-making factory in Harbin. In 1905, Nissho Okura Group and Akita Chamber of Commerce set up lumber mills in Anton and Shenyang, and there were about 80 lumber mills in Northeast China from 1934 to 1940. Fujian established timber mills around 1925, and Fuzhou has 96 timber mills from 1937. Shanghai is the largest timber sales area in China. Before 1949, foreign timber factories were Fang Hui, Da Lian, Mitsui, Yangzi, Sanhe, Qi Ming and Hongye, and national capitalists were Caiji and Rongmao. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the timber factory was first adjusted and reformed, and the production management was strengthened. 1952, the Northeast Timber Industry Administration was established, and the Forestry Department of the Northeast People's Government issued the Provisional Technical Safety Rules for Timber Mills. At the same time, increase the specialization of wood processing specialty in forestry colleges, train senior professional and technical personnel, and set up scientific research institutions focusing on wood processing; The implementation of the policy of "making timber according to mountains" can not only adjust and enrich the timber production capacity in forest areas, but also move the timber mills in some cities to the forest areas for on-site processing, thus reducing the timber transportation cost. 1950 The sawn timber output in China was 3.44 million cubic meters. At present, there are about 20,000 timber mills in China with an annual production capacity of 25-35 million cubic meters. 1988, the national sawn timber output was 262 10000 cubic meters. Some band saws (including double band saws) were imported from Japan in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The product structure has gradually changed from simple production of general sawn timber in the early stage to the production of dry sawn timber, planed sawn timber, wooden doors and windows, wooden components, and some production process chips are used as raw materials for papermaking and wood-based panels. China's timber output rate is around 70% on average, which is one of the countries with high output rate in the world. Since 1950s, a set of sawing technology has been studied and summarized, including log sawing, sleeper sawing, radial sawing and chord sawing. In 1960s, it was upgraded to "scoring saw, nesting, cutting and blanking", which was popularized and applied in Northeast China. The average labor productivity of state-owned timber mills is 144 cubic meters/person-year. Factories are distributed, and forest area accounts for less than 1/3. Because more than 2/3 of the logs are transported to the timber sales area for timber making, the wagons and transportation power are wasted, and the processing residues are not comprehensively utilized.
prospect
The future development direction of China's wood industry is: ① saving wood and developing comprehensive utilization. The timber mills in the sales area mainly process imported logs, and the timber mills in the forest area mainly process domestic logs, and develop the timber industry near the raw material base. ② Develop new sawn timber products, such as dried sawn timber, anti-corrosion and insect-proof sawn timber, flame-retardant sawn timber, planed sawn timber, flooring and other decorative varieties. Timber mills in forest areas make use of the advantages of resources to develop multi-level deep processing, such as gluing narrow wood and short wood to produce wood components, semi-finished products and finished products. (3) With the decrease of natural forest resources and the increase of artificial forest resources, small-diameter trees will increase year by year, and chipping and wood-making machinery will be developed and applied. Scraps and sawdust from wood manufacturing enterprises are used to produce paper, paperboard, particleboard and fiberboard, and the comprehensive utilization rate of wood will be improved day by day.