Question 2: What metal materials are commonly used in design? Its main feature is that its design needs theoretical mechanics+material mechanics+structural mechanics and the bottom layer of metal technology.
Besides, after finishing these, it is only the initial stage. Space and time here can't afford it.
If it's just fur, it's helpful to check the metal material manual and even the purchasing manual in this field (such as the practical hardware manual).
Question 3: What are the metal wear-resistant materials? According to the composition of metal wear-resistant materials, Beijing Monet Company divides metal wear-resistant materials into the following five categories:
1. High manganese steel series: such as high manganese steel (ZGMn 13), KNMn 19Cr2 (patent) high manganese alloy (ZGMn 13Cr2MoRe), ultra-high manganese alloy (ZGMn 18Cr2MoRe), etc.
Second, wear-resistant chromium cast iron series: such as high, medium and low chromium alloy cast iron (Cr15mozcu);
Third, wear-resistant alloy steel series: such as medium-low-carbon, high-carbon and multi-element alloy steel (such as ZG49SiMnCrMo and ZG35 Cr2MONE);
Fourth, Adi series.
5. Various composite or gradient materials and cemented carbide materials, KN nano-alloy (patented products): such as chromium carbide composite material (Cr2C3=Q235), high-energy ion-implanted tungsten carbide material (WCSP), high-toughness cemented carbide (YK25.6), KN999 nano-alloy, etc.
Question 4: What materials are the components of mechanical equipment (automation equipment), steel, iron or others? Mechanical parts are basically made of steel, and hangers are generally made of cast iron. Theoretically, parts can be machined, but now they should be finished after forging, so the strength of such parts is better than cutting. Parts can't be finished after processing. The most important thing is the final heat treatment procedure. Includes heat treatment and surface heat treatment of the whole part.
Most mechanical parts have national standards. When designing, try to choose standard parts, which are easy to find in the market and do not need factory customization. The customized price of non-standard parts is definitely not cheap. Of course, if it is a robot or something, it must be customized, and the material is not ordinary steel.
If the manufacturer wants to find a developed area of local automobile industry, it is suggested to find it in Shanghai.
Question 5: Which major is more promising, metal material engineering, mechanical design, manufacturing and automation, depends on the specific situation. Personally, if you are going to take the postgraduate entrance examination or engage in scientific research, you are going to make academic achievements, and studying metal material engineering has potential and more prospects. If you are ready for direct employment, machinery is better, with a wide range of applications, easy to find a job and easy to get started, but the subsequent development is insufficient and has its own constraints!
In short, I personally think that learning materials is more promising! The follow-up development of materials specialty is good, whether it is academic or future employment! It's just that the advantage of material specialty in the early stage is weaker than that of mechanical specialty! These are mainly reflected in the preliminary work, and the material major needs certain work experience! The machinery is easy to use, but the later materials are well developed!
Question 6: There are many kinds of new metal materials, all of which belong to alloys.
Shape memory alloy is a new functional metal material. Even if the metal wire made of this alloy is kneaded into a ball, it can be restored to its original state in an instant as long as it reaches a certain temperature. Why can shape memory alloys have such incredible "memory"? The current explanation is that this alloy has martensitic transformation. When the alloy with martensite transformation is heated to the transformation temperature, it can change from martensite structure to austenite structure and completely recover its original shape.
The first successfully researched shape memory alloy is Nitinol, which is called Nitanon. Its advantages are strong reliability and good function, but its price is high. Copper-based shape memory alloys, such as Cu-Zn-Al and Cu-Al-Ni, are only 10% of nickel-titanium alloy, but their reliability is poor. Iron-based shape memory alloy has good rigidity, high strength, easy processing and low price, and has great development prospects. Table 7-3 lists some shape memory alloys and their phase transition temperatures.
Shape memory alloy is widely used in satellite, aviation, bioengineering, medicine, energy and automation because of its special shape memory function.
In the vast space, an American manned spaceship landed slowly on the silent moon. A small group of antennas installed on the spacecraft quickly unfolded and stretched into a hemisphere under the irradiation of sunlight, and began their respective work. Did the astronauts give the instructions, or did some automatic instrument make it unfold? Neither. Because the material of this antenna itself has wonderful "memory ability", it will restore its original shape at a certain temperature.
For many years, people always think that only humans and some animals have the ability to "remember", and it is impossible for abiotic beings to have this ability. However, American scientists discovered by accident in the early 1950s that some metals and their alloys also have the so-called "shape memory" ability. This new discovery immediately attracted the attention of scientists in many countries. Some shape memory alloys have been developed and widely used in aerospace, machinery, electronic instruments and medical devices.
Why don't these alloys "forget" their "prototype"? It turns out that all these alloys have a transition temperature. Above the transition temperature, they have a microstructure, while below the transition temperature, they have another microstructure. Different structures have different properties. The self-expanding antenna on the American moon landing spacecraft mentioned above is made of nickel-titanium alloy and has the ability of shape memory. When the temperature exceeds the transition temperature, this alloy is hard and strong. But below the transition temperature, it is very soft and easy to cold work. Scientists first make this alloy into the required hemispherical deployment antenna, then cool it to a certain temperature to soften it, and then apply pressure to bend it into a small ball, so that it only takes up a small space on the spacecraft. After landing on the moon, using the temperature of sunlight, the antenna was unfolded again and restored to the shape of a large hemisphere.
Since the appearance of shape memory alloy, it has aroused great interest and concern. In recent years, it has been found that the shape memory effect also exists in polymer materials, ferromagnetic materials and superconducting materials. The research and development of this kind of shape memory materials will promote the development of machinery, electronics, automatic control, instrumentation and robotics and other related disciplines.
Superalloy turbine blades are the key components of turbojet engines of aircraft and space shuttle, and the working environment is very harsh. When the turbojet engine works, it sucks air from the atmosphere, compresses it, mixes it with fuel in the combustion chamber, and then is pressed to the turbine. Turbine blades and turbine disks rotate at a high speed of tens of thousands of revolutions per minute, and the gas is sprayed to the tail and ejected from the nozzle, thus generating strong thrust. Among the parts that make up the turbine, the blade has the highest working temperature, the most complicated stress and the most easily damaged. Therefore, there is a great need for new superalloy materials to manufacture blades.
Hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen is one of the new energy sources to be developed in 2 1 century. The advantages of hydrogen energy are high calorific value, no pollution and abundant resources. Hydrogen storage alloys use metals or alloys to form hydrides with hydrogen to store hydrogen. Metal is a closely packed structure with many tetrahedral and octahedral gaps, which can accommodate hydrogen atoms with smaller radius. For example, magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloys such as MgH2, Mg2Ni, etc. ; In order to reduce the cost, a rare earth hydrogen storage alloy, such as LaNi5 _ 5, is introduced, in which mixed rare earth Mm replaces La. Titanium-based hydrogen storage alloys, such as TiH2 and TiMn 1.5. Hydrogen storage alloys are used for hydrogen propulsion. & gt
Question 7: Which is better, metal material engineering or mechanical design, manufacturing and automation? Metal materials engineering may be divided into material departments, and mechanical specialty is definitely concerned by engineering schools.
Mainly mechanical, with applications in mathematics, physics and chemistry. The main basic courses are mechanics, mechanical foundation and electrician.
As for metal materials, I think chemistry may be studied in depth.
Machinery also studies metal materials, but just one book, the course name is engineering materials.
If you are hired, you have extensive machinery.
Question 8: Structural materials What structural materials are based on mechanical properties and are used to make stressed members? Of course, structural materials also have certain requirements for physical or chemical properties, such as luster, heat conduction, radiation resistance, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance.
The main structural material in building engineering is reinforced cement sandstone.
The rapid development of high-tech industries based on electronic information technology, such as modern communication, computer, information network technology, integrated micro-mechanical intelligent system, industrial automation and household appliances, has promoted the research, development and wide application of a series of information functional materials. Developing structural materials with high specific strength, high specific stiffness, high temperature resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance is the main direction of the development of a new generation of high-performance structural materials. The field of material subdivision is huge and complex, involving about 70 A-share listed companies. According to the development direction of main new materials, we divide them into three categories: new metal materials, new inorganic nonmetallic materials, polymers and composite materials.
New metal materials can be divided into high-performance metal structural materials and metal functional materials according to their functions and application fields. High-performance metal structural materials refer to new metal materials with higher high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and high ductility than traditional structural materials, mainly including titanium, magnesium, zirconium and their alloys.
Alloys, tantalum and niobium, hard materials, high-end special steel and new aluminum profiles. Metal functional materials refer to materials that can help realize light, electricity, magnetism or other special functions, including magnetic materials, metal energy materials, catalytic purification materials, information materials, superconducting materials, functional ceramic materials and so on.
Inorganic nonmetallic materials refer to inorganic materials such as silicate, titanate, aluminate and phosphate, which are mainly composed of oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, sulfur compounds and oxometalates, and mainly include ceramics, glass, cement, refractories, enamels and abrasives. New inorganic non-metallic materials refer to materials with specific properties and no harmful elements through microstructure design, accurate stoichiometry and advanced preparation technology.
From the perspective of material types, new ceramics have the characteristics of high strength, high temperature resistance and wear resistance, and are mainly used in automobile, train, airplane, machinery and other manufacturing industries. Individual stocks can pay attention to the shaft research technology for producing ceramic bearings and Boyun new materials for producing ceramic brake pads. Ceramic fiber has light weight and good thermal stability.
Low thermal conductivity, widely used in energy conservation and environmental protection, machinery, metallurgy, chemical industry and other industries. , individual stocks can pay attention to Beijing Lier and Luyang shares; In the new glass, the glass substrate is an important basic component of the liquid crystal display device. Only four companies in the world can manufacture glass substrates. Rainbow shares, a domestic company, has made a technological breakthrough in glass substrate, and it is expected to achieve mass production before the end of the year, which will attract sustainable attention.
High temperature structural ceramic materials are the focus of the development of advanced ceramic materials, and their main application targets are low heat dissipation diesel engines for gas turbines and heavy trucks. Using ceramic engine can improve thermal efficiency and reduce fuel consumption.
Question 9: Apart from measurement and control technology and instruments, metal materials engineering, mechanical design and manufacturing and automation, what other majors are there in 9:Xi University of Technology? In fact, automation is not as good as electrical engineering and automation to find a job!
Question 10: What is used to analyze and identify the chemical composition of metal materials? The test method of which elements are composed of metals is called qualitative analysis. The test method to determine the relationship between components (usually expressed in percentage) is called quantitative analysis. If the purpose of analysis is basically achieved by chemical methods, it is called chemical analysis. If chemical and physical methods are mainly used (especially physical methods are often used in the final determination stage), the analytical results are generally obtained by instruments, which is called instrumental analysis. Chemical analysis According to the unique chemical properties of various elements and their compounds, metal materials are qualitatively or quantitatively analyzed through chemical reactions. Quantitative chemical analysis can be divided into gravimetric analysis, titration analysis and gas volumetric method according to the final determination method. Gravimetric analysis is to convert the measured element into a compound or simple substance and separate it from other components in the sample, and finally determine the content of the element by balance weighing method. Titration analysis is a complete chemical reaction between the standard solution with known accurate concentration and the measured element, and the content of the measured element is calculated according to the volume (measured by burette) and concentration of the consumed standard solution. The gas volumetric method is to measure the absorbed (or generated) volume of the measured gas (or convert the measured element into gas form) with a gas tube, and calculate the content of the measured element. Because chemical analysis is widely used and easy to popularize, it is still adopted by many standard analytical methods. Instrumental analysis According to the relationship between some physical properties or physical and chemical properties of elements or their compounds in the measured metal components, metal materials are qualitatively or quantitatively analyzed by instruments. Some instrumental analysis still inevitably needs to be completed through certain chemical pretreatment and necessary chemical reactions. There are two commonly used instrumental analysis methods for metal chemical analysis: optical analysis and electrochemical analysis. Optical analysis is based on the relationship between matter and electromagnetic waves (including the full spectrum range from gamma rays to radio waves), or using the optical properties of matter for analysis. The most commonly used methods are absorption spectrophotometry (infrared, visible and ultraviolet absorption spectra), atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, emission spectrometry (spectral analysis), turbidity method, flame photometry, X-ray diffraction method, X-ray fluorescence analysis method and radiochemical analysis method. Electrochemical analysis method is based on the relationship between the concentration of elements or their compounds in the measured metal and potential, current, conductance, capacitance or electric quantity. It mainly includes potentiometric method, electrolytic method, current method, polarography, coulometry, conductance method and ion selective electrode method. Instrumental analysis is characterized by fast analysis speed, high sensitivity, easy to realize computer control and automatic operation, which can save manpower, reduce labor intensity and reduce environmental pollution. However, the test components are usually large, complex and expensive, and some large, complex and precise instruments are only suitable for analyzing a large number of samples with complex components. Reference: xkjwfg