A yurt is a type of house where Mongolian herdsmen live. It is easy to build and relocate, and is suitable for animal husbandry production and nomadic life. In ancient times, the yurt was called Qionglu, "felt bag" or "felt tent". According to the "Hei Tarshi Lue": "There are two types of domes: the one made in Yanjing is made of willow wood, just like the southern Fusi, which can be rolled up and unfolded. The door is opened in front, and the top is like an umbrella frame, with an opening on the top, which is called a skylight. They all use felt as clothing and can be carried on horseback. The grassland is made of willow wood to form a hard circle, and the path is fixed with felt tarts. Domes or felt tents were gradually replaced by yurts. The yurt has a round pointed roof and is covered with one to two layers of thick felt on and around the top. Ordinary yurts have a top height of 10-15 feet, a wall about 5 feet high, and the door opens to the south or southeast. The four major structures in the package are: Hana (that is, the Mongolian wall bracket), skylight ("Tao Nao" in Mongolian), rafters and doors. The size of the yurt is determined by the number of hanas, usually divided into 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hanas. The 12-hana yurt is rare in grasslands and can cover an area of ??more than 60 square meters. Nowadays, the nomadic life is gradually replaced by settlement. The wealthy herdsmen on the grasslands have built brick houses, and there are fewer and fewer yurts.
The traditional housing of the Mongolian nomads. In ancient times, it was called Qionglu, also known as felt tent, and Yu nomadic. It has been around since the time of the Xiongnu and is still used today. The yurt is round in shape, and the surrounding side walls are divided into several blocks. Each block is about 13 meters high and is covered with woven strips of wood. In nomadic areas, it is mostly of the swimming type. The nomadic type is divided into two types: detachable and non-detachable. The former is carried by livestock, and the latter is carried by oxcart. Herders such as Ke and other ethnic groups also live in yurts when they are nomadic.
On the vast Mongolian plateau, the cold wind howls, and the ground is dotted with many white tents. They are yurts, that is, Mongolian yurts
Mongolian yurts have become the daily life of Mongolians. Most Mongolians drive their goats, sheep, yaks, horses and camels in search of new pastures all year round. The yurt can be packed into luggage, transported by several camels, and then the tent can be set up.
Traditional dwellings of ancient ethnic groups. Popular in pastoral areas such as Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A circular sky filled with smoke. The door is small and faces south or southeast. It is easy to make, easy to carry, resistant to wind and cold, and suitable for grazing. It is often used in the clan to mean "home" or "house". In ancient times, yurts were called "qionglu", "felt tent" or "yurt house".
Mongolian yurts are round in shape, ranging from large to small. The larger one can accommodate more than 20 people; the small one can accommodate one person. The erection of a yurt is very simple, usually in a place with suitable water plants. First draw a circle according to the size of the yurt, and then you can start building it according to the size of the circle.
After the yurt is set up, people decorate the inside of the yurt. Lay out thick furniture and hang picture frames and posters around it. Now some furniture and electrical appliances have been put into yurts, and life is very comfortable and joyful.
The biggest advantage of the yurt is that it is easy to disassemble and assemble. Relocation is easy. When erecting, the "Hana" can be opened to form a circular wall. When dismantling, the Hana can be folded back to reduce its size and can also be used as a cow or a board. A yurt only requires two camels or a two-wheeled ox cart to transport it, and it can be set up in two to three hours.
Although the yurt looks small in appearance, the usable area inside the yurt is very large. In addition, the indoor air circulation, good lighting conditions, warm in winter and cool in summer, and not afraid of wind and rain, are very suitable for the residence and use of herdsmen who often move around.
Because the Mongolian people of Barkol have lived together with the Han people for a long time, their robes are tied with ribbons at the waist, and they wear leather boots. The robes are matched with colorful silk belts and Mongolian leather boots. They are heroic, handsome and mighty. .
In the past, the Mongolian people were mainly nomadic, so they all lived in Mongolia. In addition to nomadic herding, a considerable number of Mongolian people were engaged in agricultural production or farming and animal husbandry, and they had settled in villages and towns.
The traditional diet of the Barkol Mongolian people is mainly pasta, milk, meat, and wild leeks, onions and mushrooms in summer. Later, because they lived among the Han people for a long time and engaged in a semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral life, they now generally eat vegetables. The Mongolian people are warm and generous, and treat guests sincerely. When entertaining guests, they must toast and sing "toast songs" to add to the fun and create a warm atmosphere to express welcome, blessing and respect for the guests.
The Mongolian people especially advocate respecting the elders and caring for the younger ones. If an older elder comes to the family, he must go up to him, pick up the horse and tie it up. When the elder wants to leave, he must lead the horse and help him to saddle.
The main festivals of the Mongolian people are the Spring Festival and the Aobao Festival. In addition, there are also the Lantern Festival (Zulu Festival), the Maier Festival, etc. The Mongolian people call the Spring Festival, the first day of sending off winter and welcoming spring, "Chagansa Day". The Mongolian Festival has its own typical example of worshiping pillars. People gathered in front of Aobao to perform sacrifices. First, the lama burned incense and chanted sutras. After people made offerings, they gathered around from left to right for entertainment activities such as singing and dancing. Therefore, offering sacrifices to Aobao is not only a religious activity, but also an opportunity for Mongolian young men and women to display their talents, skills and communicate emotionally.
Horse racing and wrestling are the specialties of the horseback people in the grassland. Both men and women of the Mongolian people learn to ride horses since childhood, and by the age of ten they can fly like horses.