Is China high-speed rail completely independently developed?

China high-speed rail is not completely independently developed.

We did absorb the advanced high-speed rail technology from other countries, but we built our own system technology integration platform on this technology platform, and then made innovations on this basis. We introduced the EMU in the sixth speed increase. At that time, we had obtained at least 26 innovative projects with independent intellectual property rights. After the completion of Beijing-Tianjin inter-city special lines, including Hefei and Shitai, we have approved more than 900 intellectual property projects declared to China National Intellectual Property Administration. In June 2008, we also signed a strategic cooperation agreement with China National Intellectual Property Administration on railway intellectual property protection in China. At present, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway has declared 926 intellectual property protection projects to the State Patent Office.