1701~1714 France, Austria, Britain and other countries are fighting for the Spanish throne and their colonial and maritime hegemony. /kloc-In the 6th century, Spain was ruled by the Habsburg dynasty and was related to the Austrian Grand Duke (who was also the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire). Once a colonial power in Europe, it lost in the naval battle against Britain in 1588, and its maritime hegemony gradually weakened, but it still maintained a strong military advantage on land.
1648 during the thirty years' war, the French-Dutch war suffered heavy losses, the economy began to decline in an all-round way, and the national strength declined. Britain, France and the Netherlands have replaced trade rights and maritime control rights.
Carlos II of the Habsburg dynasty in Spain (1665 ~ 1700 reigned) died childless. Because his ancestors often intermarried with the Habsburg royal family in Austria, Carlos II inherited a series of terminal diseases. He made a will before his death and passed the throne to his sister Maria Teresa and his nephew Philip, the Duke of Anjou, the grandson of French King Louis XIV of Bourbon dynasty.
Philip can inherit the Spanish mainland, the western Netherlands (now Belgium and other places), Italian territory and overseas colonies (mainly in America, Africa and Asia), but it is stipulated that France and Spain can never be merged into one country.
Leopold I, who is also the holy Roman Emperor, the Archduke of Austria, the king of Bohemia (now Czech Republic) and the king of Hungary, attempted to let his second son, Archduke Charles, inherit the Spanish throne. He believes that when spanish princess Maria Teresa married French King Louis XIV, she promised herself and future generations to give up the Spanish throne forever.
170 1 year, Louis XIV declared Philip king of Spain, calling him Philip V (reigned from 1700 to 1746), and at the same time violated the Netherlands and the Netherlands. Unable to tolerate France's domination of Europe, Britain formed an anti-French alliance with the Netherlands and supported Archduke Charles of Austria to inherit the Spanish throne.
The kingdom of Prussia and most countries, as well as Portugal and Italy's Savoy joined in succession. Spain and Bavaria, Cologne and other countries are allied with France. War broke out in March of the same year, and the main battlefields were Italy, Holland, Germany and Spain.
1703, the anti-French alliance defeated the French and Spanish troops in Okta. In the battles of Turin and Lamier in 1706 and the battle of oder-Nalder in 1708, the French army was forced to withdraw from the battlefield.
1704 Britain occupied Gibraltar from Spain, and an uprising broke out in Catalonia, Spain in support of Archduke Charles of Austria. Austrian strength extended to Valencia and Aragon, and Count Golve Ma Xu also entered Salamanca from Portugal, forcing Felipe V to quit Madrid, and Archduke Charles entered Madrid on July 2, 706.
1705, Leopold I died and his eldest son josef i succeeded him. 1707 On April 25th, the French army defeated Golve's army in arman, Spain, and occupied Valencia, Murcia and Aragon. Felipe V actually ruled a large area of Spain.
17 10 Archduke Charles re-entered Madrid, and the allied forces of French general Duke Vendom and Felipe V defeated Archduke Charles' army in Villaviusa.
At 17 1 1, the battle turned in favour of France. In the same year, Archduke Charles of Austria inherited the throne of Austria, Bohemia and Hungary and the throne of the Holy Roman Empire due to the death of his brother josef i, and was called charles vi (reigned171~1740).
This changed the attitudes of Britain and the Netherlands, and worried that the Habsburg dynasty in Austria was too powerful to support its claim to the Spanish throne. So in April of 17 13, Utrecht Treaty was signed with France and Spain in Utrecht, the Netherlands, and the Peace Treaty of Rastat was signed the following year.
Felipe V is recognized as the king of Spain, and he inherited the Spanish mainland and overseas colonies. Spain's West Holland (now Belgium) and southern Italy are under the jurisdiction of Austria. Since then, Spain has lost most of its territory in Europe and its traditional status as a European power.
17 14 years, the war of succession to the Spanish throne ended, and Britain strengthened its power in the sea and colonies. The following year, King Louis XIV of France died of illness. France no longer dominated Europe, and its finances were on the verge of despair and began to decline.