Fan Zhongyan was born in Xuzhou on the second day of August in the second year of Song Taizong Duangong (989). His father, Fan Yong, was then the secretary of Ningwujun, the head of Xuzhou Military Region. Marrying Chen first is his third son. In the second year after Fan Zhongyan was born, his father died of illness. Xie was poor and helpless, so he had to hold Zhong You in his infancy and remarried to a family named Zhu in Shanxian County (now near zouping county, Shandong Province), the governor of Shandong Province. Fan Zhongyan also changed his surname, named Zhu said, and grew up in Zhu's parents.
Fan Zhongyan studied hard since he was a child. Zhujiajian Island is a rich man in Changshan, but for inspiration, he often goes to the nearby Liquan Temple in Changbai Mountain for boarding study and reads satirical recitations in the morning and evening. His persistent spirit of reading films left a deep impression on monks: at that time, his life was extremely difficult. He only cooks a pot of thick porridge every day, cools it, cuts it into four pieces, eats two pieces in the morning and evening, mixes a few pickles and half a jar of vinegar juice, and continues to study after eating. Later generations have the reputation of painting porridge, but he doesn't mind this poor life at all, and spends all his energy in books to find his own fun.
For almost three years, the books in Changbai Mountain Township have gradually failed to meet his needs. An accidental incident exposed the secret of Fan Zhongyan's family background. He was surprised to find that he was originally the son of Suzhou Fan family and had been taking care of his life by his stepfather for many years. Fan Zhongyan was deeply stimulated and shaken by this incident. Under the intersection of shame and anger, he decided to leave the Zhujiajian family and set up his own family. He will always be outstanding in the future and then take over his mother. So he hastily packed some simple clothes, put a piano and sword on his back, said goodbye to his mother in tears and left Changshan on foot to study, regardless of Zhu Jiahe's mother's obstruction.
In the fourth year (10 1 1), 23-year-old Fan Zhongyan came to Yingtianfu Academy in Suiyang (now Shangqiu County, Henan Province). Yingtianfu Academy is one of the four famous academies in Song Dynasty, with 0/50 school buildings and thousands of books. What's more, there are many ambitious and intelligent teachers and students here. Studying in such a college, there are not only famous teachers to consult, but also many students to learn from each other and many books to read. Moreover, the college is free, which is especially popular for Fan Zhongyan, who is financially strapped. Yingtianfu was later renamed Nanjing, and Yingtianfu Academy was also called Du Nan Academy.
Fan Zhongyan cherishes the brand-new learning environment and studies day and night. One of Fan Zhongyan's classmates, the son of Nanjing Liu Shou (the highest official in Nanjing), saw that he ate porridge all year round and sent him some delicious food. He didn't taste a bite, which made the delicious food moldy. It was not until people scolded him that he thanked him and said, "I am satisfied with porridge." Once you have enjoyed a good meal, I am afraid you will not suffer in the future. " Fan Zhongyan's hard life is a bit like Confucius' sage Yan Hui; A bowl of rice and a ladle of water, in a simple alley, others complained bitterly, but Yan Hui did not change his happiness.
Fan Zhongyan's years of hard study also began in Zhixia in spring and ended in winter in autumn. Dance sword in the morning and get dressed and sleep in the middle of the night. Others look at flowers and enjoy the moon, but he only finds pleasure in the Six Classics. "Baiyun is nowhere to be found. Who plays Dong Xiao in Hanyuan? It's hard not to sing a song, but a thin person can still give an emu. Think about your face, you will be happy in your heart, and you will sell it when you understand your hatred. But if you don't lose your gentleness, why blame Shanmiao? " A few years later, Fan Zhongyan's classic Confucian themes, such as The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Yijing, Li San, Jing Yue and Chunqiu, have become a generation of masters: he also generously takes the world as his responsibility.
In the seventh year of Dazhong auspicious symbol (A.D. 10 14), Song Zhenzong, a superstitious Taoist, led a hundred officials to Bozhou (now Bo County, Anhui Province) to worship the Taiqing Palace. The mighty chariots and horses passed Nanjing (now Shangqiu, Henan, the same below), and the whole city was sensational. People rushed to see the emperor, but one student stayed at home and still buried himself in his studies. A good classmate came to call him specially: "Go and see, this is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, don't miss it!" " But the student just casually said, "It's never too late to see you again," and then went on reading his book without looking up. Sure enough, the next year, he was admitted to the scholar and met the emperor. This student is Fan Zhongyan, a great reform thinker in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In the autumn of the seventh year (10 14) and the spring of the eighth year (10 15), Dazhong xiangfu passed the imperial examination and became a scholar. When he took part in the imperial examination in Chongzheng Hall, he first met Emperor Zhenzong, who was nearly fifty years old. Later, he was honored to attend a banquet hosted by the imperial government. In February, Bianjing (now Kaifeng City) bloomed in spring. Jinshi rode across the horse and paraded the streets with the sound of drum music: "Changbai is a cold Confucian, and he has been famous for more than two years." He sang such a poem and thought he was twenty-seven years old. Compared with Teng Zongliang and others beside him, he looks much older.
Soon, he was appointed as the manager of Guangdejun to join the army (Guangdejun is located in Guangde County, Anhui Province, and the manager joined the army as an official in charge of litigation and trial, from Jiupin). Then, he was transferred to Qing Ji Army as our ambassador (Qing Ji Army is located in Bozhou, Anhui Province, and our ambassador is a curtain officer from Bapin). He took his mother to support him, officially restored Fan, and changed his name to Zhong Yan and the word Xi. From then on, he began his political career for nearly forty years.
2. Enthusiastic in teaching for the people.
In the fifth year of Tianxi (102 1), Fan Zhongyan was transferred to Xixi Town, Hailing, Taizhou (now near Dongtai County, Jiangsu Province) to be the supervisor of salt storage, transportation and resale. Xixi Town is close to the Yellow Sea. Although peony can be seen occasionally in the town, its desolate scene is different from that in the mainland. At first glance, listening to the roar of the wind and waves and the sigh of wild cranes, Fan Zhongyan couldn't help feeling a little disappointed. Because Guan Cang is a idled official, he laughed at himself by eating and drinking lazily: "I have never held a chair, and I dare to talk about my ambition to go to Wan Li!" It's time to be black and white when you get old. Why are you complaining about Jianghu? "
However, he soon found that there were many things to do here. The dilapidated seawall in the area has collapsed, and not only salt fields and pavilions have lost their barriers, but also large areas of farmland and houses have been repeatedly threatened by waves. Thousands of victims were displaced when they encountered tidal waves and even flooded the gates of Taizhou. The government suffered losses in salt production and tax. To this end, he wrote to Zhang Lun of Jianghuai Waterway, complaining about the interests of Chen Haidi, and suggested rebuilding a solid seawall weir along the coast of Tongzhou, Taizhou, Chuzhou and Haizhou (now Lianyungang to the north bank of the Yangtze River estuary). For this huge project, Zhang Lun generously agreed, and made Fan Zhongyan the county magistrate of Xinghua, who was fully responsible for the management of the weir.
In the autumn of the second year of Tiansheng (1024), tens of thousands of civilian workers from four states, led by Fan Zhongyan, went to the seaside. However, shortly after the dam body control project began, a storm with snow appeared, followed by a big tide, which swallowed up more than 100 migrant workers. Some officials believe that this is an act of god and the dike cannot be completed. They advocated banning the original proposal and stopping work altogether. When things were reported to Beijing, courtiers hesitated. Fan Zhongyan, on the other hand, was not afraid of danger and stuck to the weir.
The wind swept the waves and rushed to his legs. The soldiers and civilians fled, and the officials were caught off guard. Fan Zhongyan did not move. He looked at Teng Zongliang, a friend of the same year beside him with great interest. Zong Liang was calmly commenting on a standing levee. Everyone found that they were very calm and calm. Thanks to the efforts of Fan Zhongyan and others, defending the sea and harnessing the weir has been fully resumed. Soon, a long dike stretching for hundreds of miles stood on the beach of the Yellow Sea. The production of saltworks and farmland has been guaranteed since then. A few dry households in exile a few years ago were affected by the disaster and returned home to help the old and bring the young. People are grateful for the achievements of Fan County Magistrate, and they all call Hai Yan "Fan Gongdi". Many victims in Xinghua County actually took his surname Fan.
"There are guests who are crazy and pure, and teenagers love fame." "Thirty-six years of dust have failed to become heroes." This is a poem written by Fan Zhongyan when he was thirty-six years old. He didn't get married until he was about thirty-four or five years old. This year, he got a son and was transferred back to Beijing to be the manager of Dali Temple. Since then, he has entered the ranks of Beijing officials.
Renzong Tiansheng four years (1026), thank you. Fan Zhongyan mourned with tears and returned to Nanjing to live. Yan Shu, a left-behind official in Nanjing at that time, was well versed in Confucian classics by Wen Zhong, especially the Book of Changes. He invited Zhong You to assist Qi in hosting the educational affairs of Yingtianfu School. Zhong You was granted permission to recommend another young friend, Fu Bi, to Yan Shu.
In order to facilitate his work, Fan Zhongyan moved to school. He made a timetable to guide students to read on time. In the evening, I often go deep into the dormitory to check and punish those who are sleepy. Whenever he gives homework to a life topic, he should write one first, so as to grasp the difficulty of the topic and the focus of writing, and let students improve their writing level quickly.
The style of study of Yingtianfu Academy soon took on a new look. People from all over the world came to study and asked Fan Zhongyan for a career. Fan Zhongyan warmly received these scholars from afar and took pains to hold books and teach. Sometimes, I entertain them with my meager salary, which makes my family embarrassed. Once, Sun Xiucai, a beggar who was studying abroad, visited Gong Fan. Fan Zhongyan immediately gave him 1000 pence. A year later, Sun Xiucai visited Gong Fan again. Fan Zhongyan gave him money and asked him why he hurried to beg instead of sitting down to study. Sun Xiucai said sadly, "It is difficult to support an old mother at home; If you have a fixed income of100p a day, that's enough. "
Fan Zhongyan said to him, "You don't look like a beggar. Let me help you find a job in this school, so that you can take 3 thousand yuan a month to support the elderly; In this way, can you study with peace of mind? " Sun Xiucai died of joy, and he followed Fan Zhongyan to study Spring and Autumn Annals. The following year, Fan Zhongyan left Nanjing: Sun Xiucai also resigned.
Ten years later, there was a respected scholar in one's hand and one's hand, who collected Mount Tai extensively and taught Spring and Autumn Annals. His surname is Sun Mingfu. Even the famous Shandong gentleman Shijie once studied under him. This scholar was Sun Xiucai in those days. Fan Zhongyan said with emotion: "Poverty is really a terrible disaster. If Sun Fu had been begging until he was old, this outstanding talent would not have been drowned. "
Besides Sun Fu, Fan Zhongyan also contacted and helped many famous scholars. Such as Ai Hu, Li Gou, Zhang Zai and Shijie. Or invite them to take charge of academic affairs in their own administrative circles, or recommend them as academic officials of the imperial court, or guide them on the road of academic research. From Hailing to Gaoyou, from Suzhou to Fenzhou (now Binxian County, Shaanxi Province), wherever Fan Zhongyan went, he always started school first, hired teachers first and cared about education. Later, when he became prime minister, he ordered all counties to run schools. Many people he has taught and influenced often have their own achievements.
3. Perseverance after ups and downs
In the sixth year of Tiansheng (1028), Fan Zhongyan's mourning period ended. After Yan Shu's recommendation, he was promoted to a captain of the Secret Pavilion, responsible for sorting out and classifying royal classics. The Secret Museum is located in Chongwenmen, the capital of Miyagi. The captain of the secret cabinet actually belongs to the emperor's civil servants. Here, you can not only see the emperor often, but also hear many palace secrets. This is a rare shortcut for ordinary bureaucrats in the Song Dynasty.
Fan Zhongyan once learned some inside information of the imperial court, and he boldly intervened in this sinister political struggle. He found that Emperor Injong was 20 years old, but all kinds of military and political events in North Korea were handled by Empress Liu, who was in her 60s. Besides, I heard that on the solstice this winter, the Empress Dowager asked Injong to kowtow to her in the front hall to celebrate her birthday. Fan Zhongyan believes that family gifts and state gifts should not be confused, and things that undermine the dignity of the monarch should be stopped.
Fan Zhongyan's performance made Yan Shu panic. He was anxious to call Fan Zhongyan and blame him for being too frivolous. Aren't you afraid of bringing trouble to the Lord? Fan Zhongyan has always respected Yan Shu, but this time he refused to give in. He sank his face into his loud voice: "I have been afraid that I can't perform my duties because I was recommended by you." Unexpectedly, I was convicted of your honest remarks today. A word made Yan Shu speechless. Back home, Fan Zhongyan wrote to Yan Shu again, defending in detail, and simply went to the next chapter, asking Mrs. Liu to abdicate and strike, and returning the power to Injong.
Instead of answering this question, the imperial court issued an imperial decree, demoting Fan Zhongyan to Beijing and transferring him to Binjiang Prefecture (now Yongji County, southwest of Shanxi Province) as deputy governor-general. The current friend of the Secret Pavilion sent him out of the city, and they all bid farewell. "Fan Jun's trip is extremely glorious!" Three years later, Empress Liu passed away. Renzong recalled Fan Zhongyan to Beijing and sent him to be an official who specially commented on state affairs-You Sijian. As an official, he wrote to make things more fearless.
In the second year of Ming Dow (1033), severe drought and locust plague occurred in JD.COM and Jianghuai areas. In order to stabilize the people's hearts, Fan Zhongyan asked Injong to send someone to rescue the disaster immediately, but Injong ignored it. He asked Injong, "What will your majesty do if the imperial court stops eating for half a day?" Renzong was surprised and ashamed, so he asked Fan Zhongyan to sell the disaster. When he came back, he brought back some weeds to satisfy the hunger of the victims and gave them to Injong and Hou Yuan Palace.
At this time, the prime minister Lu Yitong began to please Queen Liu. After the death of Empress Dowager Cixi, he quickly spoke ill of Empress Dowager Cixi. This cunning behavior was once exposed by Empress Renzong Guo, and the post of Prime Minister was also removed. However, Yi Jian's karma in court is still deeply rooted. Soon, he re-entered the phase through the inner servant Yan, and colluded with Yan, hoping to take advantage of the domestic dispute of Renzong to abolish Queen Guo. The young emperor who fell in love with Yangmeiren and Shangmeiren finally decided to abolish the imperial edict, and according to Lv Yijian's premeditated plan, officials were forbidden to participate in the discussion.
Fan Zhongyan is well aware that behind this court housework dispute is a profound and complicated political competition. He and Daofu Kong, who was in charge of picketing, and several other people went to Ahe Palace and asked to meet Injong. They complained to the cabinet for a long time, but no one paid attention: the door of the temple was slammed again by the officials of Simen. Fan Zhongyan and others, with bronze rings in their hands, knocked on gold leaves and shouted through the door, "Why didn't the queen listen to Taiwan Province's advice?" It's no use watching. Everyone agreed to a plan of Ganghuhang, and prepared to leave all the officials after tomorrow morning to debate with Lv Xiang in public.
The next morning, his wife Li took Fan Zhongyan's clothes and repeatedly advised him not to make trouble. He went out and never looked back. Just arrived at the hospital, he was leaked, waited for the imperial court, heard the call of the imperial edict, and was banished to the river to be the magistrate of Zhou Mu (now near Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province). Then, North Korea sent someone to his home to urge him to leave Beijing immediately. Daofu Kong and others, either demoted or punished, survived.
Not many people went to the suburbs to bid farewell this time, but some people raised their glasses and said, "Fan Jun's trip is more glorious!" On the way to Zhejiang, Fan Zhongyan had no regrets, but felt a little unfair: "If you value your father, you must value your mother. If you are a good country, you should be at home first. Go to the end of the world with one heart and ten mouths, and return to your heart! " Some people laugh at him like the unfortunate Qu Yuan, but he thinks he is more like Monk: "Outside Fujiang, people laugh like poets" and "I am idle"!
A few years later, he moved from Zhou Mu to Suzhou, and was transferred back to Beijing because of his meritorious service in water control, and was awarded the honorary title of envoy of Tianzhang Pavilion as the magistrate of Kaifeng Prefecture. Daofu Kong and others who were demoted together in the past also returned to the imperial court. Fan Zhongyan made great efforts to rectify the bureaucracy in Beijing, get rid of the disadvantages and arrange his work in an orderly way. In just a few months, Kaifeng House, known as the complex drama, was "governed by respecting the Lord".
Fan Zhongyan saw Lv Yijian, the prime minister, open the back door and abuse his personal interests, and North Korea was extremely corrupt. According to the investigation, Fan Zhongyan drew a picture of Baiguan Map in Jingyou for three years (1036) and presented it to Renzong. He pointed out the promotion of the officials listed in the picture and sharply criticized the employment system of the Prime Minister. Not to be outdone, Lv Yijian retorted that Fan Zhongyan was pedantic. Fan Zhongyan wrote four chapters, accusing Lv Yijian of cunning. Lv Yijian even slandered Fan Zhongyan for colluding with his cronies and alienating the monarch and his subjects.
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