Turbine is a machine that converts the energy contained in fluid working medium into mechanical work, also known as turbine or turbine. Turbine is a transliteration of English turbo, which comes from Latin turbo, meaning rotating object. The working conditions of steam turbines are different from the materials used, so their structural types are also different, but the basic working principles are similar. The most important part of the turbine is the rotating element, that is, the rotor, or impeller, which is installed on the turbine shaft and has blades evenly arranged along the circumference. When the fluid passes through the nozzle, the energy is converted into kinetic energy, and when it flows through the impeller, the fluid impacts the blades and pushes the impeller to rotate, thus driving the turbine shaft to rotate. The turbine shaft directly or through the transmission mechanism drives other machinery to output mechanical work. The working medium of turbine can be gas, such as steam, gas, air and other gases or mixed gases, or liquid, such as water, oil or other liquids. A turbine with water as its working medium is called a water turbine; A turbine with steam as its working medium is called a steam turbine; A turbine with gas as its working medium is called a gas turbine.
Turbine-In the process of water flowing from the high-level reservoir to the low-level turbine along the river, the potential energy of high-level water becomes kinetic energy, which drives the turbine to rotate. The tail water flowing through the turbine flows along the waterway. The only use of modern hydraulic turbines is as the power source of hydropower stations to drive generators to generate electricity.
Steam turbine-its working medium is steam, and steam has heat energy. Steam is used for spontaneous combustion of boilers using fossil fuels or steam generators heated by nuclear power plants. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by them is sent to the steam turbine at high speed through the nozzle, which drives the rotor to rotate and output power. The steam speed is very high and the turbine rotor size is small, so the speed can reach 10000 rpm. Steam turbines are mainly used in thermal power plants to drive generators to generate electricity; It is also used for large ocean-going ships and submarines, as the main engine to drive the propeller and propel the ship.
Gas turbine -it, compressor and combustion chamber become the three main components of gas turbine device. The air is sent into the compressor, compressed into compressed air with higher pressure and temperature, which flows into the combustion chamber to be mixed with fuel for combustion, forming a high-temperature, high-pressure and high-speed airflow, which flows into the gas turbine and drives the gas turbine to rotate, and outputs mechanical work through the turbine shaft. The rotating speed of gas turbine is as high as tens of thousands of revolutions per minute. Modern gas turbines are widely used as propulsion power for jet planes, some as ship power, power plants and small power stations for peak shaving, and also as power for air pumps for long-distance transportation of natural gas. Gas turbines used as locomotive and automobile power are still being developed and tested.
There is also a gas turbine used for rocket engines, which is used as the power of the delivery pump to pump rocket propellants (fuel and oxidant). The gas generator generates the required high-temperature gas through chemical action, which drives the turbine to rotate and the delivery pump to run.
In addition, there is compressed air as working medium to drive the turbine to rotate, which can only be used as low power. This kind of turbine is called an air turbine.