At present, the only consumer products we buy are Intel and AMD.
Why do graphics cards look like many manufacturers? In fact, the CPU we bought is a package. We just need to put the chip on the motherboard according to the pins, fix it, and install the radiator to use it. This chip even has a preliminary heat dissipation conductor (I will tell you that i9 is also made of silicone grease? ) This is a complete product.
(Foreign gods risk their lives to open nuclear weapons)
But the graphics cards we bought from ASUS, MSI, Gigabyte and Sapphire are all finished products. We bought it and plugged it into the motherboard, so it can be used.
However, the core of the finished products made by the manufacturers of these brands still comes from the GPU given by AMD and NVIDIA. They process and manufacture finished products based on these chips. This means that they got the semi-finished products. So there are actually only two graphics cards, but the downstream manufacturers are different.
Of course, the graphics cards given by these manufacturers cannot be exactly the same even if they are in the same series. Because other materials may be different, such as radiator and output interface. PCB and other components are made of different materials; At the same time, the frequency may be different, even in the same series. Therefore, different manufacturers of the same series of graphics cards can differ by hundreds or even 1000.
Well, it should be Intel's. You may wonder why Intel still has graphics cards. In fact, many computers don't have unique display screens, and we all use nuclear display. This is Intel's nuclear display. The performance of nuclear display is also very strong It's no problem to watch videos and play LOL.
Of course, there will still be AMD's APU on the market in the future, which integrates GPU and CPU (in fact, it has already appeared, but the sharp dragon has come out, and the CPU power consumption and performance can be turned over before it can be adopted on a large scale).
There are not many graphics card manufacturers. The manufacturers of discrete graphics cards are mainly AMD and NVIDIA. Many friends think that ASUS, Gigabyte, MSI, Sapphire and Colorful are all graphics card manufacturers. In fact, they are graphics card manufacturers, but they can also be said not to be. In fact, it is more appropriate to call them AMD and NVIDIA assembly plants.
AMD and NVIDIA are mainly responsible for designing chips, then OEM production, and then handing over the core chips to major manufacturers, so that they are responsible for assembly, PCB board installation, capacitor installation, fan cooling and so on. Today's world is an era of cooperation. A graphics card needs the cooperation of many manufacturers, Qi Xin, to become a finished product, but the most important core technology of graphics cards is only owned by NVIDIA and AMD.
There are many CPU manufacturers, but when it comes to X86 architecture processors, intel and AMD are the main ones. I have to admire AMD, which can be both a graphics card and a CPU.
CPU technology and GPU technology can be said to be the most advanced technologies in the world, and there is not even one. It is remarkable to enlarge the CPU of X86 architecture by one million times, and you can see a very clear circuit arrangement. Even before, snails doubted whether CPU and GPU were designed by aliens. At present, this kind of cutting-edge technology is mainly mastered by the United States. Of course, our country also has its own x86 processor, but the real technology is still foreign, not to mention the performance.
Some people may think that snails blow American technology. Regardless of national boundaries, American high technology is really amazing. Even snails think that in another 50 years, snails in our country may not reach the current CPU and GPU technology in the United States.
20 17 is a wonderful year for CPU industry. The past lifeless situation no longer exists, but both Intel and AMD are in full swing. As for the reason, it is natural to start with CPU.
CPU processor, the full name of central processing unit, is generally the computing core and control core of equipment, which mainly plays four roles: processing instructions, executing operations, controlling time and processing data, just as the brain is to human beings. This paper mainly discusses the CPU on the computer.
The performance of CPU is affected by its working frequency, cache capacity, instruction set and manufacturing process, among which the working frequency, cache capacity and manufacturing process have great influence on performance. Under the trend of multi-core, sometimes the more cores, the stronger the performance of CPU. At present, the consumer-grade CPU on the market mainly comes from Intel and AMD. By the end of 20 17, Intel's CPU has developed to the eighth generation, mainly including Core, Xeon, Atom, Pentium and Celeron processors. As a well-known manufacturer who squeezes toothpaste all the year round (each generation of updates only improves a little performance), the eighth generation of Core processors rarely improves greatly. Both i3, i5 and i7 have increased the number of cores, which is the first time since the birth of core processors in 2008. And such a change is obviously under the pressure of competitor AMD. AMD launched Ryzen processor based on zen architecture in the first quarter of 20 17, including Ruilong 7, Ruilong 5 and Ruilong 3, which directly targeted Intel's i7, i5 and i3. The biggest feature of Ryzen processor is that it has more cores and threads (even more cores than Intel's eighth-generation Core processor), which makes it superior to Intel's eighth-generation Core processor in cost performance. Although Intel is still the leader in the CPU field at present, with the rise of AMD, a new round of hegemony war will begin again, and the ultimate benefit is of course consumers!
I know only two companies that produce graphics cards, one is NVIDIA in Taiwan Province Province, China, and the other is ATI AMD. Intel also has it, but it is not popular, so there are only two companies that produce graphics card GPU, NVIDIA and ATI.
You say ASUS, MSI, and so on, just like brand computers. The brand of the computer is ASUS or MSI, and the chip inside is the protagonist. Just as there are only two cpu companies, Intel and AMD, the same graphics card has only two GPUs, and NVIDIA and AMD also have two.
The core of graphics card is GPU, but GPU alone is not enough. Other components such as flash memory are also needed in order to design them together and produce good products with superior performance. I don't know if you understand here. The core technology of graphics card is GPU, which, like cpu, can be independently designed and produced by NVIDIA and AMD.
This problem has its own problems. Although there are many graphics card manufacturers, only two (NVIDIA and AMD) produce independent GPUs. Those graphics card manufacturers (ASUS, MSI, Gigabyte, Sapphire, Galaxy, Sotai, etc. ) are AIB or AIC, that is, close partners of NVIDIA or AMD. They all provide NVIDIA or AMD GPU and related solutions, and then regenerate and produce their own brand products with certain characteristics.
The corresponding example of graphics card manufacturers should be motherboard manufacturers, and there are many motherboard manufacturers (many in the past, only a few now). Motherboard manufacturers also provide solutions from Intel and AMD to produce their own brand-specific products.
Is the CPU manufacturer only Intel or AMD? This statement is also problematic. Perhaps the subject wants to say why only the CPU of Intel or AMD is based on x86 instruction set.
Accurately speaking, there are only two brands of x86 processors used by computers at present, namely Intel and AMD, because they completely monopolize all patents of x86 instruction set, and there is no way to start with others.
Intel is a pioneer in x86 technology. When it is used on an 8086 computer, it has 16-bit x86 patent, and then 32-bit x86 patent (i386 in 1985). In the following decades, many special instruction sets were added one after another, such as MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4. 1 and so on. 64-bit processors also have EM-64T, while AMD holds 64-bit x86 patents, called AMD64 or x86-64, collectively referred to as x64, and AMD also has some others such as 3D-Now! Patents.
Intel and AMD authorize each other to monopolize all patents in x86. Earlier, a Cyrix company also produced x86 processors, but Intel and AMD complained about patent issues and later had to sell them to VIA. But now VIA doesn't produce desktop processors. In fact, the x86 processor produced by Megacore Company in China is VIA's vest.
Therefore, due to patent problems, the main manufacturers of x86 processors can only be Intel and AMD. Without Intel's authorization, other companies can't produce x86 processors, and without AMD's permission, other companies can't produce 64-bit x86 processors. Some people may ask, how can China's Guang Hai produce x86 processors, because it is authorized by AMD, some people may ask, what about China Loongson? Godson is actually a MIPS processor, not an x86 architecture.
The first thing to tell you is that the concepts of CPU and graphics card are actually different. The CPU we bought is a packaged chip, which we call "CPU". Graphics card refers to the finished card assembled by graphics processor (GPU), PCB board, memory chip, radiator, output interface and other components, and the key chip inside is GPU.
Let's compare CPU and GPU first.
Due to the monopoly of X86 architecture, the desktop CPU market has been basically monopolized by intel and amd in recent decades, but we can't forget that IBM's power processor is also very powerful, but it is mainly used in servers and supercomputers, but we rarely come into contact with it. Graphics processing unit (GPU) flourished in 1990s, and many manufacturers participated in it. At that time, nvidia and ati were just children. After years of market competition, with excellent design concepts and products, nvidia and ati deus ex compete with each other. Later, amd acquired ati, and they almost monopolized the independent display chip market.
Therefore, at present, the desktop CPU manufacturers are only intel and amd, while the GPU manufacturers are only nvidia and amd (not to mention intel's nuclear display here).
CPU and GPU
The production mode of graphics cards is similar to that of computer motherboards.
There are many graphics card manufacturers mentioned by the landlord, referring to the manufacturers of finished graphics cards. Because NVIDIA and amd have no factories, they are only responsible for designing chips. In fact, their chips are also produced by foundries such as TSMC, and then sold to cooperative graphics card manufacturers such as ASUS and Gigabyte. After a series of processing and assembly, a usable graphics card is formed. At this time, the graphics card will be branded by ASUS, MSI, Gigabyte and other manufacturers, but the GPU of the core technology is natural. Therefore, the production of graphics cards is similar to that of computer motherboards, such as motherboards, which are also key components purchased by these manufacturers from intel and amd, such as South Bridge chips and CPU slots, and then designed and assembled. On the other hand, whether it is a graphics card or a motherboard, manufacturers should strictly follow the requirements of chip manufacturers, and other parts can be freely developed to make their own brand characteristics.
NVIDIA and amd generally provide public graphics cards as a reference for manufacturers. Of course, this card is also made in the factory.
At present, the CPU is Intel's LGA contact slot and amd's pin slot. CPU also has PCB board, which also needs circuit design and packaging. For example, Intel can almost do it by itself from design to manufacturing, and amd needs to be handed over to the foundry for production, which is somewhat similar to the production of GPU. Of course, there are only two or three CPU and GPU manufacturers in the world, and ordinary people don't need to understand that big manufacturers like ASUS and Gigabyte can only produce motherboards and graphics cards.
What a hanging question! What is the core of the graphics card? Graphics processor, GPU can do this now is Nvdia and AMD (formerly ATI). The graphics card factory just came back to get the public graphics card assembly parts given by the chip factory and put a card for its own graphics card. Of course, if the brand with independent research and development capability is big enough, you can use the materials better and sell them more expensive!
Asus, MSI, Gigabyte and Sapphire are just motherboard manufacturers! Lenovo, Dell and HP are all one fucking thing!
CPU processor factory: Intel AMD
GPU graphics processor factory: Nvdia AMD (formerly ATI)
Why are there so many graphics card manufacturers and CPU manufacturers only Intel and AMD?
On this issue, it is estimated that many people don't understand why there are only Intel and AMD processors, but there are many brands of graphics cards. Can it be said that the graphics card is better than the CPU? Let's talk about this problem in the most easy-to-understand words today.
Let's talk about CPU first. This CPU is also the central processing unit of the computer. This processor is related to the performance of the whole computer. The better the CPU, the faster the processing speed. In other words, the quality of a computer is basically determined by the performance of the CPU. At the same time, the design and production process of this CPU is also very complicated, not to say that a factory can design and produce CPU at will. If CPU wants to become a finished product, it must go through the decomposition of raw materials. In fact, this raw material is very simple sand, only silicon extracted from sand instead of sand, and then it can be produced through a series of processes such as silicon ingot, wafer, lithography, etching, ion implantation, metal deposition, metal layer, wafer testing, cutting, packaging, final testing, and finished product packaging. Among them, few people in the world can do lithography. Not only the computer CPU, but also the mobile phone CPU. Developing CPU and producing CPU are two concepts, otherwise Huawei would not be so passive. At present, only Intel and AMD have real design and production capabilities, and it is basically impossible for other manufacturers to break through in recent years. In other words, this is equivalent to the exclusive soup of AMD and Intel, and others can't share it if they want to. Naturally, only Intel and AMD can be seen in the market.
Why are there so many graphics card manufacturers? We often see ASUS, MSI, Gigabyte, Colorful, Galaxy and Sotai. Can these manufacturers independently design and produce graphics cards? Is the process of making graphics cards so simple that anyone can produce them? In fact, the research and development and production of graphics cards are not less than CPU, but graphics cards pay attention to image processing performance. There is a very important chip called GPU in graphics cards, which is also the so-called graphics card image processor. This processor is also very difficult. At present, only AMD (ati was acquired by AMD) and later NVIDIA have the ability to independently develop and produce graphics cards. For graphics cards, it is this GPU that determines the performance of graphics cards, so GPU has become an important standard for graphics cards. What you see is that there are different brands, because each board manufacturer buys GPUs from AMD and NVIDIA and then adds their own brands to the final products, but the graphics card chips are still AMD or NVIDIA. Only the graphics card manufacturer who finally completes the product will add its own bios information to the graphics card, which is the so-called non-public graphics card. In addition, AMD and Invista also produce their own finished graphics cards, and some graphics card manufacturers follow AMD's graphics card production scheme and bios scheme. The graphics card finally displayed on the computer is also called NVIDIA or AMD.
Therefore, for the graphics card, it is equivalent to a semi-finished product that is not completely processed, and users cannot use it directly. It also needs the final assembly and optimization of the card manufacturer. Different card manufacturers have different designs, different strengths and different materials, so the performance of the same GPU chip will be different, and there will be a big gap in price. So this is why there are many graphics card manufacturers and only two CPU manufacturers on the market. The CPU is an independent finished product. It can directly face consumers, and only when the motherboard matches the corresponding pins can it play a role, while the graphics card GPU cannot directly face consumers. It also needs the design, production, packaging and marketing of the second board, and the final manufacturer is needed to complete this process. Whoever completes this process will have the brand of graphics card. For example, just like ASUS got the graphics card chip from NVIDIA, then designed the board, power supply and materials, then designed the built-in bios information, and finally packaged it and sold it under the brand name of ASUS, which is also the main reason why there are so many brands of graphics card manufacturers.
To be honest, at present, the high-end technologies of CPU and GPU are in the hands of the United States, and our independent research and development is basically a blind spot. Only a few manufacturers can master this part of technology. Even so, the gap with the United States is still very large. It may be possible to break through in the design, but the gap in the production is really very large. If neither computer CPU nor mobile phone CPU can break through lithography technology, we can only watch others make money, and there is no other way. Now, we just hope that the domestic technology predators can use your precious brains to improve the status quo, otherwise, in the next ten and a half years, the computer CPU will still be dominated by AMD and Intel, and the graphics card will still be dominated by AMD and NVIDIA. Let's see how the graphics card has gone up because of the shortage of chips, but you have to buy it. This is the effect brought by the control core technology. If we have our own CPU and GPU, it is estimated that it is not the current state. Personally, I think scientists should be given more drumsticks, and don't always hold up some white faces and legs every day. Everyone asked me if I was talking about this.
Sapphire, Colorful, Gigabyte, Huaqing, Asus, MSI, I don't mean to brag. If I study protel, I will have a chance to be a drawing board in a graphics card factory. Those are manufacturers who produce and sell graphics cards, not those who develop them. Graphics cards are hard for Intel to get involved in now, with only NVIDIA and amd sharing.
The gpu of the graphics card is only NVIDIA and amd! Just like cpu, only Intel and amd! Graphics card manufacturers only produce graphics card motherboards, just like computer motherboards. The only difference is that the computer motherboard can replace the cpu, while the graphics card encapsulates the gpu on the board and is irreplaceable.