The rotary-wing multi-rotor aircraft will be a power aircraft designed and manufactured according to the patents of "rotary wing and on-wing double rotors" and "impeller with curved wing tips" (patent number: 0220429 1 1). With the flight performance that helicopters can take off and land vertically and hover in the air without airport, the flight performance of fixed-wing aircraft is fast and economical. That is, a power plane with the advantages of both aircraft.
The patent "rotary wing and on-wing twin rotors" (application number: 03 15523 1 0320774 17) was invented for the shortcomings of tilt-rotor aircraft. Tilting rotorcraft was developed by American Bell Helicopter Company from the late 1940s. It has been half a century since the US military completed the preliminary acceptance this year.
Tilting rotorcraft is a set of engine components, which can be switched between horizontal and vertical positions on the wing tip of a fixed-wing aircraft. When the rotor engine assembly is in the vertical position, the tilting rotorcraft is equivalent to a tandem helicopter, which has excellent flight performance of vertical take-off and landing and does not need a helicopter hovering in the airport or in the air. Tilting rotorcraft is equivalent to a fixed-wing aircraft when the rotor engine assembly is in a horizontal position. It has the advantages of fast speed and good economic performance of fixed-wing aircraft.
Because the engine and rotor of tilting rotorcraft are installed on the wing tip together, the rotor produces high-speed downward airflow when working, and there is some resistance because of the existence of the engine. This complicates the design and control of wings and engines. And manufacturing and maintenance costs increase. When the rotor engine is in the vertical position and enters the helicopter flight state, the high-speed descending airflow generated by the rotor work is blocked by the fixed wing, which forms a certain resistance on the wing and reduces the load capacity of the aircraft. Tilting rotorcraft uses a single rotor at the wing tip. In order to achieve vertical lift, the diameter of the rotor must be larger than the height of the fuselage, which makes the tilt-rotor aircraft unable to make full use of short takeoff to increase its load capacity, which poses a safety hazard.
In view of the above shortcomings, the patent "rotary wing and double rotor on wing" gives the improvement measures. Compared with tilt-rotor aircraft, the multi-rotor aircraft designed and manufactured according to this patent and the patent of "curved tip impeller" can improve the energy utilization rate by more than 30%. The design and control are simplified, and the cost of manufacture, maintenance and use is reduced. And under suitable conditions, we can make full use of the runway for short takeoff and increase the load. If the bottom of the engine room is sealed, it can take off and land on the water. The ground effect can be fully utilized in suitable airspace and water surface.
In modern society, people mainly require two main indexes of vehicles: speed and good economic performance. In a single vehicle, such as a ship, an airplane, an automobile, etc. The main indicators affecting economic benefits are energy consumption and achievements. The index of energy consumption is the power of the vehicle. Therefore, the ratio (G/N) between the total mass (g) and the distributed power (n) of each vehicle is one of the main characteristics of the vehicle. The product of the ratio (G/N) and the maximum speed that the vehicle can reach reflects the maximum effect of the unit power of the vehicle due to energy consumption, which can be referred to as power effect for short.
Examples of known dynamic effects of various vehicles are as follows:
As can be seen from the above table, the dynamic efficiency of fixed-wing aircraft is much higher than that of helicopters. And the purpose of rapidity can be achieved. However, the use of fixed-wing aircraft can not be separated from the airport. Building an airport requires a lot of land (Shanghai Pudong Airport covers an area of 32 square kilometers. Because of the shortage of land, the Japanese government built Kansai Airport by reclamation, and controlled and influenced the airspace and buildings around the airport. It needs huge investment to be built and put into use. It is reported that the investment of Kansai Airport in Japan is $654.38+05 billion, and the investment of trestle bridge connecting the airport and land is $654.38+00 billion. The total investment of Guangzhou new airport is estimated to be 20 billion yuan. Fujian Changle Airport cost 3.2 billion yuan. The investment of Guiyang New Airport is 65.438+0.3 billion yuan. Therefore, due to the occupation and service of the airport, the economic performance of fixed-wing aircraft occupies a certain share. At the same time, due to the dependence of aircraft on the airport, people's application of aircraft is greatly limited.
Helicopters can travel freely in the air without being bound by the airport to meet people's needs. However, due to the complex operation and maintenance, high cost, high energy consumption and low economic performance, helicopters cannot be widely used. According to statistics, by the end of 1996, the total number of civil helicopters in the world was about 25,000. The use of civilian helicopters in China lags far behind that in developed countries. There are only over 70 civilian helicopters, only 66% in the United States and 2% in Russia. By the end of 1999, the state had invested less than 2 billion yuan in the helicopter industry. There are only eight domestic helicopters. 70% of the helicopters used by the army are imported from abroad.
The ship has large transportation capacity and high power efficiency. But it is slow and time-consuming. And is limited by water. It is necessary to rely on wharf berthing (by the end of 2002, there were 29,778 berths in inland waterways and 3,822 berths in coastal areas). Among them, there are 700 berths along the coast that can berth ships of more than 10,000 tons, and inland 135), which can only be used as public transportation of bulk goods. Under the competition of other fast and convenient means of transportation, the occupancy rate of people using passenger ships is decreasing year by year. Increasing ship speed is at the expense of reducing power efficiency. When the speed reaches 30 knots, it is equivalent to the dynamic efficiency of air and ground vehicles.
Automobile is the most widely used means of transportation in today's society, which can basically meet people's needs. The biggest deficiency is the dependence on roads. Highway construction needs huge capital investment, occupies a lot of land resources, and has a permanent impact on the ecological environment (by the end of 2002, China has built highways 1.76 thousand kilometers, including more than 250 million kilometers of expressways). Road maintenance also requires a lot of capital, resources and manpower input. Therefore, the use cost of the car is increased. The condition of the road limits the power efficiency of the car (only on the expressway can a large van give full play to its power efficiency. The biggest dynamic effect of the car is the venue that has never been played at all. With the increasing number of cars (according to statistics, by the end of 2002, the number of cars in China was 20.53 million, including about 5 million cars), traffic congestion has become a common problem in big cities. The power efficiency of the car can not be fully exerted, resulting in a huge waste of resources. Relying on increasing and expanding roads to solve the traffic jam problem can only be a temporary solution, not a permanent cure. Moreover, it is restricted by capital and land resources and cannot be used as a panacea to solve traffic problems. For the city, finding another suitable means of transportation has become the pursuit goal. As can be seen from the above table, the power efficiency of cars is only better than that of helicopters. In practical use, few cars can give full play to power efficiency. Even on the expressway, it is difficult to give full play (the speed limit on the expressway has different grades due to different time zones). For big cities, mountainous areas and the west, developing air traffic is one of the most effective ways to solve people's traffic needs.
Railways play an important role in China's transportation system. After decades of efforts, it has built more than 70,000 kilometers, basically forming an operation network covering the whole country. Compared with cars, trains have higher power efficiency and occupy less area. In passenger and freight transportation, compared with cars, it has good economic performance and high speed. However, due to the limited transportation capacity and limited lines, it can't meet people's needs.
In order to meet the passenger demand, China railway passenger transport has to bear the corresponding losses at the expense of reducing the freight rate in the case of a sharp increase in passenger flow. In the long-distance railway passenger transport, the sleeper fare of the train is comparable to the discounted fare of the plane. Due to the limited capacity of civil aviation in China and the restriction of airport layout, air transportation can't relieve more transportation pressure for railway passenger transport.
By the end of 200 1 year, there were only 103 1 aircraft in China, including 296 general aviation aircraft. There are only 143 airports open to civil aviation. It is out of proportion to the huge market demand of China with a large population and vast territory. The Civil Aviation Administration of China believes that to develop China's air transport industry, it needs to spend hundreds of billions of dollars to buy 2,000-3,000 aircraft to meet the market demand. According to the statistics of 40 developed countries, there are 2.08 airports per 10,000 square kilometers on average, while there are only 0. 127 airports in China at present, which is far below the level of other countries. Therefore, it is even more necessary to invest huge sums of money to build a large number of airports, so that the thousands of aircraft purchased can give full play to their functions.
After decades of efforts, China aviation industry has built a certain scale of production capacity, which can produce 27 models and 60 models of various types of aircraft. In the past decades, * * * has produced more than 14000 aircraft and more than 50000 engines. Products are mainly military products. According to foreign reports, the air transport capacity of our air force can transport up to 5000 soldiers at a time.
China has a vast territory, two thirds of which are mountains and plateaus, and there are plenty of deserts and grasslands. And there are18,000 kilometers of coastline and more than 5,000 islands. Taiwan Province Province faces the mainland across the sea, because the Taiwan Province Strait is 100 kilometers wide. The land border is over 20,000 kilometers. The border between Tibet and Xinjiang is nearly 10 thousand kilometers. These boundaries and geographical and natural conditions are complex. Only by developing the aviation industry in large quantities and producing a large number of powered aircraft that can take off and land vertically, run fast and have good economic performance can we better promote the development of our national economy. Meet the needs of people's production and life and safeguard national security.
From the definition of power efficiency mentioned above, it can be understood that for different vehicles with equal power efficiency, that is, the energy consumption required to transport objects with the same weight at the same distance is the same, that is, the cost of energy consumption is the same. For example, the top speed of a car is100km, and the weight of unit power load is 20kg/horsepower, that is, G/N=20. The maximum speed of the conveyor is 500 kilometers per hour, and G/N=4. The power efficiency of the two is completely equal, both of which are 2000. Although the G/N of a car is five times that of an airplane, it consumes five times as much energy to run 500 kilometers per hour at 100 kilometers. That is, the energy consumption per ton kilometer is the same. Obviously, compared with an airplane, it takes only one fifth of the time for a car to complete the same transportation task. In other words, in the same time, one plane can complete the work of five cars, and the load of one plane is the same. Because in real life, for linear transportation, cars rarely have the opportunity to give full play to their power efficiency. So if the plane is not restricted by the airport, one plane is equivalent to 5- 10 cars.
From the foregoing, it can be seen that the energy utilization rate of rotary-wing multi-rotor aircraft has increased by more than 30%, that is, the power efficiency has increased by more than 30%. That is, close to the dynamic effect of the car. Because the power efficiency of automobile in practical application is far lower than the maximum power efficiency. But if the rotor multi-rotor aircraft flies in the air, it can give full play to its power efficiency. In other words, in practical application, their dynamic effects are the same. Because it doesn't need an airport and can land vertically, it can make full use of the roofs of urban buildings to meet the needs of all aspects of urban life and bring greater economic and social benefits to people. If the bottom of the engine room is sealed, it can take off and land on the water. The ground effect can be fully utilized in suitable airspace and water surface. According to the experimental study of WIG aircraft by Russian scientific research department, the lift-drag ratio of WIG aircraft can be increased to more than 22, while the lift-drag ratio of large transport aircraft at present does not exceed 16- 17. When transporting goods at the same distance, the WIG aircraft flying at a speed of 500 kilometers per hour needs the same transportation cost as a ship sailing at a speed of 40 kilometers per hour. The load capacity of the existing transport aircraft is about 20%, while the maximum load capacity of the WIG aircraft can reach 50%. Therefore, the flight characteristics of rotary-wing multi-rotor aircraft can meet the needs of all aspects of China's national economy. For example, tropical fruits in China, such as fresh lychee and longan, have high air transportation cost and slow shipping speed, so they can't be kept fresh for a long time, and they can only look forward to the export markets in Europe and America. Fruit farmers can only see the low-cost guaranteed sales of labor results, and can't get more benefits. Every year, the passenger transport of Spring Festival travel rush Peak Railway is a big problem, and a large number of new planes can meet the social needs of Spring Festival travel rush Peak calmly. Transferring China's huge investment in highway construction to civil aviation and applying this means of transportation in large quantities can meet the traffic needs of western China and the vast mountainous areas as soon as possible, which is a practical measure to develop the economy, change the backward state of the western region, protect the ecological environment and effectively utilize tourism resources. For Taiwan Province Province, which is across the sea, crossing the Taiwan Province Strait, which is 100 km wide, with a rotorcraft is just a bus ride. A large number of applications in military equipment can improve the modernization level and combat effectiveness of the army as soon as possible. China's long border and the defense of the sovereignty of the vast sea areas and islands are the best venues for rotorcraft to play its role.
On June 6, 2000, at the press conference of the State Council Office, the Deputy Director of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense pointed out in the report "China Aerospace Facing 2 1 Century"; China government will continue to support and encourage the space industry, adhere to the basic principles of independence, self-reliance and independent innovation, make overall planning and coordinated development, and actively promote the new development of the space industry. On the basis of China's existing aviation industry, it will reform the internal mechanism and make full use of China's industrial manufacturing capacity. Give active policy support and huge capital investment. On the premise of having independent intellectual property rights, we should concentrate scientific and technological forces to form a new industrial production system, avoid detours and shortcomings in the automobile industry, and develop this applicable scientific and technological project that will increase huge benefits (trillions) to China's national economy. In a short time, multi-rotor aircraft will be produced and used on a large scale, and new industrialized products with high quality, low price and wide application will improve people's living standards and meet the needs of people's production and life. Give people new employment opportunities and add new vitality to developing countries with national economies. Strengthen national defense forces and provide appropriate equipment for the new military revolution. It will play an extremely important role and significance in safeguarding national sovereignty, ensuring national security and the healthy development of all aspects of society. (