John mitchell, Birmingham started mass production of pens with metal tips on 1822.
Romanian Petritsch Bonaru invented the pen, which was patented by the French government in May 1827, and was officially produced in the 1950s.
The history of pen (paper pot);
1.0 era: reed pen
The ancient Egyptians used thin reed brushes or reed pens on papyrus scrolls, which developed from rushes or tsunamis to papyrus scrolls. In the book History of Writing Tools, Stephen Roger Fisher pointed out that according to Sakala's discovery, reed pens were probably used on parchment as early as 3000 BC until the Middle Ages, but they gradually replaced feather pens from the 7th century.
2.0 era: quill pen
Reed pens existed for a long time, until papyrus was replaced by hides, kraft paper and parchment as writing surfaces. The skin surface is smooth, which makes people write more delicately with the help of quill pens. Most of the feathers of quill pens come from the feathers of birds, among which goose feathers are used the most, so quill pens are often called quill pens. It can be traced back to around 100 BC. At that time, many precious scrolls were written in Hebrew dialect with bird feathers or quill pens. Feather pens were still widely used in the18th century, and were used to write and sign the US Constitution in 1787. People in China are familiar with writing brushes. According to legend, it was initiated by Meng Tian (about 259 BC-2 BC10), the general who supervised the construction of the Great Wall in Wan Li in the Qin Dynasty. The real situation is unknown.
3.0 era: metal nib
A copper nib was found in the ruins of Pompeii, indicating that the metal nib was first used in 79 AD. Samuel pepys also mentioned "a silver pen with ink" in his diary in August 1663. The "newly invented" metal pen was advertised in The Times of 1792. The metal nib was patented in 1803, but it was not commercialized. 18 1 1 year, Brian Tang Jin announced the patent for manufacturing metal pens. John mitchell of Birmingham started mass production of pens with metal tips in 1822. Since then, the quality of pen tip has been improved in an all-round way, which makes the dip pen with metal tip widely used. The appearance of metal nib can be said to have created a new chapter in writing tools and entered a new era.
3. 1 era: water storage pen
The earliest historical record of pens with water storage structure can be traced back to AD 10 century. In Ma' dAL-Mu' Izz (the ancient city of Egypt) in 953, Pharaoh Fatima Khalifa asked for a pen that would not stain hands or clothes and was equipped with a water storage device. This pen may be the first pen in the modern sense in history, but its mechanism is still unclear, and only one record mentioned it. Later 1636 developed a water storage pen, which was invented by the German inventor Daniel Schwandt. According to his description, it is made of two quill pens. One quill pen acts as an ink reservoir for the other quill pen. The ink is sealed in the sleeve with a cork. Ink is squeezed to the writing point through a small hole. 1809, Bartholomew Folsch was patented in Britain.
His student Romania Petritsch Bonaru invented the pen, and the French government granted him a pen patent in May 1827, and it was officially produced in 1950s 19.
3.2 era: ballpoint pen
1888 10 year 10 30th, the first patent of ballpoint pen was awarded to John J. Lourdes. 1938, László Bíró, editor of Hungarian newspaper, with the help of his chemist friend George, began to design a new type of pen, including a freely rotating socket with a ball at the top. When the pen moves along the paper, the ball rotates, taking out the ink from the ink cartridge and leaving it on the paper. Biro applied for a British patent on June 5, 1938/KLOC-0. 1940, the biro brothers and a friend Juan George main moved to Argentina to escape Nazi Germany. 10 In June, they submitted another patent, which formed the "Argentine Biro Pen". By the summer of 1943, the first batch of commercial production.
4.0 era: pencil
Different from previous writing tools, the main material of pencils is graphite. The picture below shows the advertisement of Vulcan ink pen in 19 15 from Slevohube Edward Pekala. In cooperation with the entrepreneur Edmund Most, Penkala-Moster Company was established and the largest pen and pencil factory in the world was built at that time. This company, now called TOZ- Pekala, still exists today. TOZ stands for Zagreb, which means Zagreb pencil factory.
5.0 era: fiber pen
In 1960s, Yukio Horie of Tokyo Stationery Company in Japan invented the fiber or felt-tip pen. The tip material of this pen is mainly fiber, not metal, feather or graphite, but synthetic fiber. Flair of Paper Mate was the felt-tip pen first sold in the American market in 1960s, and it has always been a leader in this field. Markers and highlighters are similar to felt pens and have recently become popular.
6.0 era: ballpoint pen
Ballpoint pens came out in the early 1970s. They use moving balls and liquid ink to produce smoother lines. Technical progress in the late 1980s and early 1990s improved the overall performance of bowling. The pens of this era are more technical improvements to the ballpoint pens of the 3.2 era, which greatly reduced the unit price of pens and made their performance more stable. Pens have really become affordable daily necessities for the public.