Since the outbreak of the world energy crisis in 1973, energy conservation has been highly valued by governments all over the world. In foreign countries, energy conservation is called "the fifth conventional energy source", and it ranks as the five conventional energy sources along with oil, coal, natural gas and electricity. Many measures have been taken to save energy, one of which is the development and application of thermal insulation materials. In the energy consumption of China, the building energy consumption accounts for about 1/4 of the total energy consumption. The energy consumption of buildings in various countries is often based on the energy consumption during use, especially the energy consumption of heating and air conditioning. Therefore, the focus of building energy conservation is heating and cooling energy consumption. One of the most effective and economical energy-saving measures is to strengthen the thermal insulation of buildings, that is, thermal insulation.
Some kinds of thermal insulation materials can be used as decorative materials. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and the growth of economic income, family rooms, social entertainment places, hotels and restaurants should be renovated. As an incombustible decorative material for high-grade buildings, thermal insulation materials are increasingly welcomed by people.
At present, thermal insulation materials have been widely used in metallurgy, electric power, chemical industry, oil and gas, petrochemical, building materials, light industry, shipbuilding, military industry, aerospace, transportation, machinery, warehousing and other industries, and gradually began to be applied in the field of energy-saving buildings.
Looking back at the 20th century: from scratch.
The 20th century witnessed the rapid development of thermal insulation materials industry in China. When New China was founded, people used straw rope, rice husk, slag and asbestos products for simple engineering insulation. With the recovery and development of the national economy, they began to use silicon thin soil products, expanded vermiculite, expanded perlite, slag wool and glass wool for engineering insulation. With the in-depth development of reform and opening up, the thermal insulation material industry has developed rapidly. In order to promote the technical progress of the thermal insulation material industry, the country has introduced rock wool, glass wool, lead silicate fiber, calcium silicate, foam plastic, expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite and mineral wool from Sweden, Italy, the United States, Japan, Australia, Poland, Germany, France, South Korea, Austria, Belgium, Greece, Britain and other countries. It is estimated that by the end of 2000, there will be nearly 4,000 units engaged in production, scientific research, design, construction, mobile and other fields, with nearly 600,000 employees, sales income of 4 billion yuan, profits and taxes of 500 million yuan, and the output of various thermal insulation materials of 950,000 tons, ranking second in the world. Completed 8 million square meters of steel wire mesh sandwich panels, 20 million to 25 million square meters of metal surface sandwich panels, and 25 million square meters of mineral wool decorative sound-absorbing panels.
It can be said that there are almost everything in China, including 30 categories and thousands of specifications. Namely, asbestos thermal insulation products, silica thin soil products, cork products, expanded vermiculite products, expanded perlite products, rock wool residue cotton products, glass wool products, aluminum silicate fiber products, calcium silicate products, foamed glass, foamed asbestos, foamed aluminum silicate, foamed rock mineral wool, foamed gypsum, foamed concrete, foamed rubber, foamed rubber products, foamed plastics, foamed fly ash products, fly ash microbeads products and silicic acid composite thermal insulation coatings and products. The applicable temperature range is-180℃- 1350℃. It has basically formed an insulation material industry and insulation material technology system in line with China's national conditions, and developed into an important industry serving the national economy, national defense construction and people's lives. Thermal insulation products and technical equipment not only meet the domestic market demand, but also gradually move towards the international market.
Formulate standards, standardize production and application, so that the industry will gradually move towards a virtuous circle. It is estimated that by the end of 2000, there are 60 national standards and industry standards in China, including 10 for thermal insulation materials, 2 1 0 for thermal insulation materials, 6 for thermal conductivity and thermal resistance test methods, 6 for combustion performance test methods and 17 for other performance test methods. The formulation of these standards provides a legal basis for the application and production of thermal insulation materials, which makes thermal insulation materials play a great role in the thermal insulation engineering of equipment and pipelines.
In order to promote building energy conservation, the state promulgated JGJ26-86 "Energy Conservation Standard for Civil Buildings (Heating and Residential Parts)" in 1986, requiring energy conservation of 30%. Only a few cities such as Beijing, Tianjin and Harbin have implemented it well, and provincial capitals have also done experiments to varying degrees, but the proportion of energy-saving buildings completed is very small, so the building energy consumption in China is much higher than that in developed countries. In order to speed up the implementation of building energy conservation, the Ministry of Construction has promulgated a new energy conservation design standard JCJ 26-95, which requires 50% energy conservation, and will be implemented from 1 July 19961day. Last year, the Ministry of Construction issued the Regulations on the Administration of Civil Building Energy Conservation. The successive promulgation of building energy-saving standards and civil building energy-saving management regulations has created good conditions for the application of thermal insulation materials in buildings. The promulgation and implementation of various standards provide important parameters and basis for the quality control and evaluation of thermal insulation products in China, the guidance and quality evaluation of thermal insulation engineering design and construction.
Before the 1970s, the technical equipment of various thermal insulation materials industries in China was very backward, and they were basically produced by hand. In order to develop China's new building insulation materials and meet the needs of building energy conservation, Beixin Building Materials Group introduced the first production line with an annual output of10.6 million tons of rock wool from Sweden in the late 1970s, which opened a new era of technological progress in China's insulation materials industry, and then successively digested and absorbed various imported production lines.
Although the thermal insulation material industry has developed rapidly after 50 years of hard struggle, the level of technology and equipment has improved and the variety is complete, there are still problems such as low overall quality of the whole industry, repeated construction, unstable product quality and small enterprise scale, which will face severe challenges after joining WTO.
Prospect 2 1 century: shouldering the heavy responsibility of the new era
In 2 1 century, energy shortage still restricts sustainable development. In order to complete the tenth five-year plan and the 20 15 long-term plan, besides actively developing energy, it is more important to save energy. It is the most valuable energy-saving and the most remarkable energy-saving effect to use thermal insulation materials to keep warm and cold in various buildings, equipment and pipelines.
2 1 century, the output of thermal insulation materials in China will rank first in the world, the level of technology and equipment automation will rank first in the world, and the variety will be more complete, which will further expand the domestic and foreign markets. It will be the development direction of the future industry to develop new thermal insulation materials, which mainly meet the environmental protection (green) standards of composite materials, products integrating thermal insulation and waterproof, and new thermal insulation materials by using nanotechnology. The application of thermal insulation materials will be that the thermal insulation materials produced by inorganic materials and organic materials will account for half of the country, and composite products will be market challengers.
The production of thermal insulation materials is a new energy-saving material industry that needs to be vigorously developed, and the state should give support in terms of policies and taxes. The state should reduce or exempt taxes on energy-saving products by stages to promote the development and progress of the industry. The Ministry of Science and Technology should allocate special funds for basic scientific research on energy-saving products.
In order to realize the new idea of thermal insulation material industry in 2 1 century, we should speed up the digestion and reproduction of imported technology and equipment, and suggest that the government allocate special funds for the digestion and absorption of pirated products. Specific projects should be investigated to improve the overall quality of the industry. Strengthen the research of basic science projects such as the formula, new technology, new technology and new equipment of various thermal insulation materials. At present, the market economy is not perfect, the Ministry of Science and Technology should allocate special funds and special projects for research, or take the form of joint development by enterprises, companies and the state.
In order to speed up the process of industrial technological innovation, the state should increase investment in energy-saving products. Although the production of energy-saving products has low economic benefits, it has great social benefits. Therefore, investment in technological innovation should be arranged according to the principle of giving consideration to both economic and social benefits.
Thermal insulation material is an energy-saving material for comprehensive utilization of resources and a new material for benefiting the country and the people. China Development Bank should give priority to infrastructure construction loans. The lightweight composite board with thermal insulation as the core material is a new type of lightweight building material, which conforms to the national industrial policy and should be given priority to development.
The state supports and encourages the introduction of foreign capital and the development of joint ventures and wholly-owned enterprises. Although thermal insulation materials occupy an important position in the national economy, developed countries are willing to find areas or countries with cheap labor and raw materials for production and then sell them. Take this opportunity to advocate the development policy of joint-stock system for enterprises. When examining and approving projects, governments at all levels and banks should give consideration. Wholly foreign-owned enterprises should be supported.
Strengthen the application and promotion of thermal insulation products, especially in construction. Make full use of the favorable opportunity of national mandatory implementation of building energy conservation, so that the thermal insulation material industry can develop in all directions, and the thermal insulation material industry should also meet the needs of building energy conservation projects with high-quality products and do a good job in building energy conservation.