How to extract lycopene?

1. organic solvent extraction of lycopene? Lycopene is a fat-soluble pigment, insoluble in methanol and ethanol, soluble in ether, petroleum ether, hexane and acetone, soluble in chloroform, carbon disulfide, benzene and other organic solvents. Among many organic solvents, chloroform is the best solvent for extracting lycopene. The main steps are as follows: fresh tomatoes or tomato skins are dried and crushed, organic solvents or mixed solvents are selected as the extraction solution for solid-liquid extraction, and finally the extraction solution is vacuum concentrated to obtain crude lycopene. This method is simple and easy. However, because tomatoes contain other components, there will be traces of organic solvents, and the purity of products obtained by solvent extraction alone is generally not high. The lycopene content is about 5% ~ 15%, and lycopene crystals are usually not produced, but an oily substance, namely lycopene oleoresin. 2. Enzymatic extraction of lycopene? A Japanese patent introduced the extraction of lycopene from tomato skin by the reaction of pectinase and cellulase. The process is as follows: pulping and crushing tomatoes → adding alkali to adjust the pH value to 7.5 ~ 9.0 → heating and stirring at 45℃ ~ 60℃ for 5h→ filtering to remove residues such as epidermis, seeds and fibers to obtain an extract, adjusting the pH value of the extract to 4.0 ~ 4.5, allowing carotenoids to coagulate and precipitate, siphoning the turbid liquid on the upper layer to obtain lycopene precipitate → precipitating, drying, vacuum concentrating to adjust the pH value → adding salt to the finished product for storage. Dubodel and others extracted lycopene by adding pectinase and cellulase. The technological process is as follows: cleaning fresh tomatoes →/kloc-blanching and peeling at 0/00℃ → beating and crushing with a high-speed blender → adding 0.2% ~ 0.5% pectinase and cellulase, treating at 50℃ for 3 hours, removing 90% non-pigment substances such as pectin and cellulose → centrifuging → washing and filtering the precipitate with 96% ethanol → extracting with ethanol and vegetable oil. 3. Extraction of lycopene by supercritical CO2? Sun, Q, J et al. (1998) used supercritical CO2 as extractant to extract, separate and purify effective components from liquid or solid materials. * * Four factors were investigated: extraction pressure (7.5 MPa ~ 30.0 MPa), temperature (40℃ ~ 50℃) and C- velocity (5 kg/h ~ 50 kg). The optimum technological conditions are: pressure 15 MPa ~ 20 MPa, temperature 40℃ ~ 50℃, flow rate 20kg/h, time 1 h ~ 2 h, and the yield can reach more than 10%. Fourthly, high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) is a new liquid-liquid partition chromatography technology with high efficiency and rapidity, which is different from traditional column chromatography and needs solid packing. The separation method is carried out between two phases, and the stationary phase is separated in a high-retention separation column under the condition of high-speed operation to generate a gravity field, so there is no irreversible adsorption, and it has the separation advantages of no loss of samples, no pollution, high efficiency, rapidness and large preparation capacity. It has been reported abroad that lycopene was extracted by high-speed countercurrent chromatography for the first time in the experiment. The obtained sample was separated from 100mg tomato crude extract containing 9% lycopene. Finally, the purity was 98.5% by HPLC. The solvent used is a non-aqueous mixture of hexane, dichloromethane and acetonitrile in the ratio of 10: 3.5: 6.5. 5. Microwave radiation extraction method? Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) refers to the technology and method of extracting various chemical components from various substances by microwave and suitable solvents in a microwave reactor. Because lycopene is a fat-soluble pigment, it is not easy to penetrate the cell wall and cell membrane of substances, so it takes a long time to extract the extract from the cell wall. The biggest advantage of microwave radiation extraction is that the extraction time is greatly shortened, and the extraction rate is high, the product quality is good, the texture is pure, and there is no environmental pollution, so it has broad application prospects in the extraction process of natural pigments. Zhang Weiqiang et al. obtained the best technological conditions through experiments: the extraction solvent was 6# solvent oil, the microwave frequency was 2450mHz, the power was 200W, the extraction time was 80s, and the liquid-solid ratio was 2: 1. After secondary extraction, the extraction rate of lycopene can reach 97.56%.