Then you must have followed the example more than 10%.
About the school’s duplication check rate, similarity rate, and plagiarism rate:
Each school is different, and the full-text duplication rate is less than 30% (in some schools, the undergraduate rate is 20%). There should be no requirement for the repetition rate of each chapter. Each school will issue detailed rules, and the school will also provide a place where they can check the repetition rate - basically it is China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Call the teacher to ask for details. The requirements of each school in each field are different
The specific functions of the terms related to the plagiarism check system:
The specific concept of the plagiarism check rate is the plagiarism rate and the citation rate , use professional software to test the similarity between your article and other people's papers to prevent plagiarism. That's basically what it means.
One is the self-writing rate, which means you wrote it yourself
The other is the copying rate, which is what you plagiarized
The other is the citation rate, which is those with citation symbols drawn on them. It is reasonable to cite other people's materials
Experience in modifying papers with repetition rate or plagiarism rate:
CNKI means the same number of consecutive words and cannot exceed 13 words, Wanfang means the number of consecutive words The same cannot exceed 15 words. Otherwise, it will be marked and included in the repetition rate. Our school's rule is that the CNKI test duplication rate cannot exceed 30%. There will be errors in the results of the two databases' test duplication rates. Generally, CNKI will be more stringent. First, use Wanfang to test it, and then compare the repeated paragraphs and revise the sentences repeatedly. , and finally use CNKI to test it, and you will feel relieved.
Now is a critical period for students to write graduation thesis. Many students have to use some literature materials in thesis writing, which involves a question: how to apply other people's literature materials and how to form a good academic standard. , to avoid plagiarism. This is a very urgent issue now, but many of our students lack strict training and do not know when it is plagiarism and when it is quoting other people's articles. Here I would like to make a brief discussion on this issue. This is just an introduction, the purpose is to discuss this topic with everyone. What is plagiarism? To put it simply, using someone else's words or ideas without indicating it is plagiarism. "Copying someone else's words without citing the source and using quotation marks to indicate someone else's words constitutes plagiarism. The American Modern Language Federation's "Article Writer's Handbook" defines plagiarism (or plagiarism) as: 'Plagiarism is when something in your writing Using someone else's ideas or expressions without giving appropriate credit... This includes paraphrasing, copying someone else's writing, or using ideas that are not your own without giving appropriate citations. In other words, there are two types of plagiarism: one is plagiarizing opinions, using other people’s opinions without indicating them, making people mistakenly think they are your own; the other is plagiarizing words, copying other people’s written expressions without indicating the source and Use quotation marks to make people mistakenly think that it is your own expression. Of course, because the paper focuses on the originality of the point of view, the former is more serious than the latter. As for the popular article, it is different because it does not pay attention to the originality of the point of view. It is not required to indicate the opinions of others, so it only focuses on whether the written expression is plagiarized. "So how to use other people's literature? Harvard University in the United States points out in its relevant student handbook, "If your sentences are very similar in idea and sentence structure to the original source, and the conclusion is similar to the quotation rather than restating it in your own words, even if you cite the source, This is also plagiarism. You cannot simply change a few words from the original source or summarize it; you must completely reshape your summary using your own language and sentence structure, or simply quote it. Since the relevant regulations of Harvard University, I saw the original article a year ago and can’t find the source now). It can be seen that the use of other people's content must be completely rewritten, otherwise it will be suspected of plagiarism. But avoid haphazard patchwork and blending here. In short, we must respect the intellectual achievements of others and reflect in the article what you did and what others did. Of course, it is still difficult to do this now, but I think we must at least have this awareness, because in the concept of plagiarism, in addition to emphasizing the lack of indication, it also emphasizes that it is not intentional.
Many of us make mistakes when writing things precisely because we don’t know what plagiarism is and how to avoid plagiarism, so it is very important to clarify what plagiarism is. From a practical point of view, it is very difficult for our students to write a graduation thesis of about 10,000 words without any suspicion of plagiarism, but we should at least subjectively avoid serious plagiarism as much as possible and gradually form good habits.
In China, there are three major systems: CNKI/VIP/Wanfang. The resources here are constantly updated. Thesis papers of graduates every year are basically collected in this system except for confidentiality requirements. The three major systems are included as a comparison resource library, so you can’t be careless! ! There are three major systems in China. CNKI/VIP/Wanfang CNKI are not open to individuals, CNKI and Wanfang are open to individuals, Wanfang does not test the Internet and English, CNKI and VIP both test the Internet and English. Now, all schools must pass a thesis check for plagiarism in order to be considered qualified for master's and doctoral dissertations. Undergraduate graduates, most of the 211 Project key universities, adopt the method of random inspection to check for plagiarism of undergraduate graduation thesis. If the plagiarism or citation rate is too high, if more than 30% of the work is found to be duplicated, the consequences will be quite serious. If the degree is less than 50%, graduation will be postponed; if the degree is more than 50%, the degree will be cancelled. I worked so hard to go to college, spending tens of thousands, and after a few years, I was looking for a job, and it was so sad that I couldn't get a degree. However, all testing systems are machines and have inherent testing principles. As long as we understand the inherent testing principles, system algorithms, and rules, and repeatedly modify the testing reports, we can still successfully pass the testing and graduate easily.
Probably all graduate theses today will go through the "academic misconduct test" of CNKI, even if they are not blindly reviewed in the end. The original intention of this system is actually very good. To a certain extent, it can serve as a warning to postgraduate students who are about to enter the Chinese scientific research community: to prevent plagiarism and stay solid in their knowledge. However, as the philosophical view of "everything in the world has a spear and a shield", the "academic misconduct detection system" of CNKI is not perfect. There are two reasons. One is that the current image and text recognition technology is not advanced enough; the other is that the current machine recognition is not yet intelligent in meaning recognition. Qiusuoge's consistent views are "strategic contempt and tactical attention" and "know yourself and the enemy and you will be victorious in any battle." To defeat the enemy, you must know the enemy first; to pass the academic test, of course you must first understand the mystery of this level.
1. Principles of plagiarism checking
1. CNKI dissertation detection requires the entire paper to be uploaded. The format may have an impact on the detection results. The final submission format needs to be submitted for detection and the The effect is minimized, and this effect may not be detected in small segments of a few digits. Papers with more text than 30,000 characters can be ignored. The comparison databases are: China Academic Journal Online Publishing Database, China Doctoral Thesis Full Text Database/China Excellent Master's Thesis Full Text Database, National Important Conference Papers Full Text Database, China Important Newspaper Full Text Database, China Patent Full Text Database, and Personal Comparison Database. Other comparison libraries. Some books are not in the CNKI database and cannot be detected.
2. After uploading a paper, the system will automatically detect the chapter information of the paper. If there is automatically generated table of contents information, the system will detect the paper in sections, otherwise it will automatically detect sections.
3. Some students reported that they clearly quoted or plagiarized paragraphs or sentences from other documents in their paragraphs, but why they were not detected. This is normal. CNKI has set a threshold for the sensitivity of this detection system. The threshold is 5%. In terms of paragraphs, plagiarism or citations below 5% cannot be detected. This situation is common in large paragraphs. Small sentences or small concepts. For example: If the detection paragraph 1 has 10,000 words, then citations of less than 500 words from a single document will not be detected. In fact, students are also told here a modification method, which is to never choose one article to cite for plagiarized paragraphs. Choose as many documents as possible and intercept a few sentences from each article. This will not be detected.
4. How can plagiarism in a paper be detected? The condition for CNKI paper detection is that 13 consecutive words that are similar or plagiarized will be marked in red, but the prerequisites in 3 must be met: that is, the total number of A document texts you quoted or plagiarized must reach 5% in each of your tested paragraphs. .
1) When CNKI checks for plagiarism, the yellow text is "citation" and the red article is "suspected of plagiarism".
(2) When CNKI checks for duplication, only the text part is checked. "Figures", "mathtype edited formulas", and "word field codes" are not checked (if you want to know what CNKI checks? part, you can "select all" - "copy" - "paste special" - "keep only text"). It is recommended that formulas be edited using MathType instead of the formula editor that comes with Word.
(3) The "table" edited in word and excel can be found. In some desperate situations, you can choose to put a screenshot of the table into the paper! The author has personally seen the coefficients compiled by a classmate, and found out that they are heavier than others. The data determines that the coefficients cannot be changed, and I want to cry without tears...
(4) The citations of references must also be counted. Repeat rate (including within X% required by the school)! Therefore, when quoting other people's literature, it is best to rephrase it in your own words.
(5) CNKI’s duplication checking uses “chapter” as the basic unit. For example, "Cover", "Abstract", and "Introduction" will be treated as a separate chapter, and each chapter will have a test result indicating the repetition rate. Each chapter has a separate repetition rate, and there is an overall repetition rate for the entire text. When some schools stipulate whether a paper passes the plagiarism check, they not only require that the repetition rate of the full text cannot exceed a certain number, but also require the repetition rate of each chapter.
(6) CNKI’s plagiarism check indeed uses “13 consecutive words that are repeated in other articles” as the basis for judgment, which is consistent with what some online authors said before. If you can change any sentence in your paper to be different from other articles by any 13 consecutive words, CNKI will not be able to find it.
(7) However, if you have a place with more than 13 words that is repeated in other articles, CNKI’s servers will perform a fuzzy search on the words before and after this place, and those are simply added. Words such as "of", "when..." and "but" are used to separate 13 words, which will be detected in most cases. These fuzzy searches are sometimes very silly. They may associate an article about how to raise pigs with your article about architecture, and accuse you of plagiarism! When this happens, just "hehe" yourself!
(8) Books and textbooks are not available in CNKI’s database. However, students who copy the book need to be aware that the part you copied may have been copied by other articles, and it will be repeated during the test. This situation often occurs, especially some classic theories that have been used for hundreds of years. Someone must have written it!
Of course, some students think it is OK to rewrite it in their own words. But the reality is: even if these classic theories are written in their own words, they may be "marked red" because these classic theories have been written over and over again by others! Whether you will be "marked red" depends on your character! When the author was checking for plagiarism, there was a situation where a passage was still "marked in red" after being revised three times in his own language, which made people dumbfounded. It can only be said that the author's character was so bad at that time that he had no choice but to do so. I hope that this article he published now can save some of his character for the future!
(9) Some content on the Internet is also in the CNKI database. For example: "Baidu Wenku", "Daoke Baba", "Doudin", "Interactive Encyclopedia", "Baidu Encyclopedia". When the author was checking for plagiarism, he even encountered many strange websites, such as Shenma's "Oriental Fortune Network Blog" and "National People's Congress Economic Forum". So, be careful when choosing content online.
(10) Foreign language documents are less stored in the CNKI database. I encourage everyone to read more foreign literature, learn more about advanced foreign scientific knowledge and engineering technologies, translate them, and apply them to our country's socialist modernization papers!
(11) It is recommended that all schools check it online at their own expense before checking for plagiarism. The inspection report will "mark red" the duplicated parts and revise them first.
(12) After the inspection and modification are completed, students should not take it lightly. Because here comes the most perverted and infuriating part of the CNKI plagiarism check: there is no "red mark" in the first plagiarism check, but "red mark" may appear in the second plagiarism check, saying that you have plagiarized. If you are willing to spend money, spend money to check again online until the repetition rate is lower than the school's required repetition rate.
(13) Commonly used online duplication checks include "Wanfang", "CNKI" and "paperpass". Paperpass is the loosest, Wanfang is in the middle, and CNKI is the strictest.
Wanfang’s database is incomplete, and the duplicate rate found will be lower than 5% of CNKI. CNKI considers “13 consecutive words of the same character” to be considered duplicates, so the duplicate rate found is relatively high!
It is best to use Wanfang to pre-check, as the pass rate after modification is generally higher.
1. If it is a quotation, do not use a period after the quotation mark. If you write a period, the thing after the period is plagiarism (even though you think it is a quotation), so before the quotation ends, try to Use semicolons. Some people put the superscript of the quotation after the period. This is incorrect and should be before the period.
2. You can convert text into tables and hide table borders.
3. If you read a lot of foreign languages ??and have them translated and quoted by yourself, I personally think that you can treat them as your own without the need for endnotes, because the duplicate checking database only matches characters and cannot Match Chinese and English.
4. Duplicate checking is a matching process, which is based on sentences. If a sentence is repeated, it is easy to determine that it is repeated. Therefore: if it is a classic sentence, use superscript endnotes. Express it in the reference, or use the "name" of the author of the original article and quotation marks to frame the quoted content. The system will identify the things in quotation marks as quotations. If it is a general quotation, use the wordy method to add all the subjects, predicates, etc. that are omitted in the original sentence. Anyway, even one more word is a victory. You can also use horizontal quotation. The knife method removes some elements of the sentence and replaces them with some pronouns. Or use the foreign devil method. If the foreign name in the original text is in Chinese, just use it in English. If it is in English, use it in Chinese. Or if it is a full name in Chinese, use the Chinese name. If it is a Chinese name, just use it. Found it all and replaced it with the Chinese name. I deliberately added (annotations) next to some abbreviations (superfluous). In short, every sentence can be changed. Even if one word is added or one word is reduced, it is a victory. Pay special attention to punctuation marks, change them, turn a compound sentence in English into two or more single sentences, etc., and master it flexibly. Because it’s rare to actually write a paper if it’s all your own. It’s almost impossible. But quoting a lot of other people’s work shows that you have strong comprehensive ability and that you have read a lot of information. This is a process, a learning and summary. process. All in all, don't let the instructor criticize you on the forum. This is the most uneconomical thing to do. The instructor hates irregular layouts because he is only responsible for the content, but he cannot bear to have his disciples kicked out because of layout issues.
5. The following is what I have tried as a silly girl, and it is absolutely no match for me: Select other people’s text and part of your own text, copy it (into a block, rectangle), and create another one on the desktop. Empty file, copy the contents to the file, save, and close. Select the icon of this file, copy it, and paste it directly in the position of your text. It will become a picture and cannot be edited. This operation actually inserts the content file as an object, so it is a picture. This operation actually inserts the content file as an object. So here are the pictures.
Conclusion: The writing of this article is purely the author’s personal understanding and experience. Based on years of testing and modifications and the rules of the school system, someone wishes all students a smooth graduation, a great job, and a lot of girls. Waiting for you ahead, Saonian! Senior brother can only help you here
Issues that need special attention:
A few common problems are summarized below:
1. Some books are very old. Detection systems such as CNKI do not include these materials. Is it safe to copy large sections? Some students also believe that most of the databases contain past student papers and journal articles, and books and government work reports have not yet been included in the database. Generally, you will not be "successful" if you copy books directly.
Answer: There are risks in doing this. First, although CNKI does not include books, there may be a classmate or teacher who has also copied the same content and has published the paper he copied. CNKI can include the full text of a's article in the database. Then if you copy the same content again, when the paper is tested, it is likely to point to the article a and will be deemed as plagiarism.
“But if the book you copy has been copied by someone in the past few years, it will still be detected, so people will choose new books published in the last two years to copy.” However, new books may also be copied from others or The phenomenon of being copied by others. In addition, during the paper review, the review experts have rich experience and theoretical level. Your large quotations may be discovered by these experienced experts, and the result will be very sad!
2. Nowadays, there are a lot of related materials on some web pages. Can I copy the above content when writing a paper? For example, Baidu Wenku and Docin? ”.
Answer: It is also very dangerous. To a large extent, web pages come from journal websites. Many articles are excerpted from journal websites and pasted and copied from n papers. In addition, some databases have Internet web pages are one of the components of the database.
It can be detected if 13 consecutive words are the same. You can express the content of the original text in new words, and the meaning is similar. It is best to use The association method is to read it once and describe it in your own words, but to be professional, that is, try to replace synonyms with professional terms, and to make sure that different words have the same meaning. For example, if the active sentence is changed to a passive sentence, the sentence pattern is changed, use Agree with words or replace them with professional terms, etc.
Methods to reduce the plagiarism rate:
1 Divide into multiple paragraphs to reduce the plagiarism rate. /p>
2. Many books are not included in the detection database, such as monographs, which can be excerpted
3. Chapter changes cannot reduce the copy rate
4. Papers However, in plagiarism detection software, for example, if an article has 5,000 words, 1% of the article is 50 words. If more than 50 words are plagiarized, even if references are added, it will be judged as plagiarism.
As long as more than 20 units of words match, it will be considered plagiarism
Modification method:
First of all, the professional vocabulary in the article can be changed. Keep it and change synonyms as much as possible; secondly, change the description method in the text, such as inverted sentences, passive sentences, and active sentences; disrupt the order of paragraphs, divide the paragraphs when plagiarizing the original text, and reorganize them.
CNKI Check. The focus is on sentences. That is, the article is divided into sentences, and then compared with the papers in the CNKI database sentence by sentence. If the main content is the same (i.e., content words, such as nouns, verbs, professional vocabulary, etc.), then Marked in red. If there are a large number of sentences marked in red in a paragraph, they will be counted in the repetition rate of the paper. According to my own experience, the best way to avoid duplication detection is to change the relevant paragraphs in other people's papers into your own language. Write it out. For example, change the order of sentences, and more importantly, change the structure of the subject, predicate and object of the sentence. According to this method, the repetition rate of my paper is about 3%. I hope it can help you! Like this. Because they are basically based on sentences. But based on the current situation, all the sentences in the paragraph are actually broken up and then compared sentence by sentence to check for duplication. A paragraph in your paper contains four sentences A, B, C, and D, and a paragraph in an article in the database contains four sentences E, F, G, and H. Then when comparing, it should be A, B, and C. , D is compared with E, F, G, and H respectively. To put it bluntly, it is compared 16 times. In this case, simply changing the sentence order will not work, and the sentence structure must be changed.
One. , Comparison and selection of various database paper detection systems
As we all know, there are three major databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (cnki), Wanfang, and VIP; generally, master's and doctoral dissertations in universities use CNKI papers. Detection system (I don’t know much about undergraduate thesis, but 80% should also use the CNKI paper duplication checking system), because CNKI is the most complete and powerful database in the country for collecting theses and journal papers. Secondly, VIP's is worse, not worth mentioning, and has a relatively small number of collections.
The collection process of general databases is like this. Each database goes to the university to contact the school's graduation thesis resources. Basically, it is monopolized by a few databases. If it is given to CNKI, it will not be given to Wanfang, and if it is given to Wanfang, it will not be given to CNKI. Because ZhiNet The Internet is powerful and provides many discounts, so most universities submit their resources to CNKI. Why should I say this? When many students detect plagiarism in their papers, they don’t know whether to choose CNKI, Wanfang or VIP. , HowNet has absolute authority and monopoly, and is consistent with the test results of the school, so it is so arrogant and the price is so high. However, I also heard that the price is high because CNKI can only detect 5,000 words at a time. , so there are 20,000-30,000 times for a master's degree, and it needs to be submitted many times before it can be fully tested. I have not been able to confirm whether this is the case.
To pass the plagiarism check, you must meet the three prerequisites: that is, the total text of A documents you quoted or plagiarized must reach 5% in each of your checked paragraphs. If half of the 13 words are similar, half of them will be considered suspected to be similar, so you must change the sentence structure and replace it with professional terms. You must change it carefully and thoroughly. Remember, remember.
HowNet detection scope:
China Academic Journal Online Publishing Database
China Doctoral Dissertation Full-text Database
China’s Excellent Master’s Degree Papers
Full-text database China's important conference papers full-text database
China's important newspaper full-text database China patent full-text database
Internet resources English database (covering journals, doctoral, master's, English data of the conference, as well as German Springer, British Taylor & Francis journal databases, etc.) Priority publication library Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan academic library Internet document resources
Detailed description of CNKI system calculation standards:
1. After reading the introduction of this system, I have a question. This system is good for text copy identification, but can it detect other aspects of content, such as data and charts? If it can't be detected, wouldn't it still be useless?
Among various behaviors of academic misconduct, text copying is the most common and serious. At present, the detection of text copying by this detection system has reached a very high level, and it is for plagiarism and tampering of charts, formulas, and data The detection of other behaviors is currently under development and has made considerable progress. You are welcome to continue to pay attention to the progress of this detection system and provide more critical and constructive comments and suggestions.
2． According to this system, less than 39% are displayed in yellow, so does it mean that it is within the tolerable limit? Recently, I saw the news that the National Social Science Fund project for a teacher from Shanghai University was withdrawn because of two articles he published Plagiarism in papers accounts for 25% and 30% respectively. Please indicate what is the warning line?
The percentage only describes the proportion of overlapping text in the detected document, and does not refer to the severity of plagiarism in the document. All we can say is that the greater the percentage and the more overlapping words, the greater the possibility of plagiarism. Whether it is plagiarized and the severity of the plagiarism must be determined by experts after review.
3. How to prevent the dissertation academic misconduct detection system from becoming a platform for personal revenge?
This is something we are seriously considering. Currently, this detection system is only used by institutional-level users. We have developed a strict management process. At the same time, technically, we have also adopted a variety of means to prevent malicious behaviors as much as possible, including a series of strict identity authentication, logging, etc.
4. The smallest detection unit is a sentence, so if one or two words are changed in each sentence, it will not be detected?
We also process sentences accordingly and have a sentence similarity algorithm. The sentences are not judged to be the same if they are exactly the same. Sentences have a sentence-level similarity algorithm, and paragraphs have a paragraph-level similarity algorithm. Calculating whether a document or a paragraph is similar to other documents is based on this comprehensive calculation.
5. If it is the original words extracted from relevant books, but the words have been copied into the relevant documents in the database, that is to say, the previous article also extracted the same words from relevant books, but the words marked in my paper This passage comes from a related book. Is this considered academic plagiarism?
The detection system cannot draw a conclusion. There is still a manual review to determine whether it is plagiarized. Therefore, if it is the situation you describe, experts will make corresponding judgments.
Our system only provides various clues and basis so that people can quickly grasp the information of the detection literature.
6． How authoritative is the CNKI detection system?
The academic misconduct document detection system does not draw conclusions, that is, the detection system does not characterize the detection documents, but only displays the parts of the detection documents that are similar to other published documents and lists the objective facts. This Whether a test document constitutes academic misconduct requires final review and confirmation by experts.
The current fee-based thesis detection system is CNKI’s degree academic misconduct detection system, or Wanfang Data’s detection system (used by undergraduates in general schools, Wanfang is a spin-off of CNKI, and calculates The method is similar). The school uses the CNKI system. The school's master's degree graduates use CNKI's system. Wanfang's general school is commonly used at the undergraduate level. Therefore, the test results are the same as those of the school, and both systems do not allow individuals to register for use. Free thesis testing systems are generally developed by individuals or other companies. Because the systems have not been adopted by universities, even if the testing results are more accurate than paid systems, they cannot become authoritative.
As for the difference between the detection results of the two systems, it is difficult to say, because the paper detection system of CNKI is supported by the state, the paper comparison database is more comprehensive, and the detected plagiarism rate is generally higher than that of other systems. Of course, the height is not absolute.
When checking the paper for plagiarism, do the contents cited in the references still count? When checking for plagiarism on Wanfang, the green words that appear are the contents of cited references. When checking for plagiarism in a paper, does it count as a duplication rate?
It depends on the number of words in your index and your school’s regulations. The number of words in the index should not be too many, and it is best not to cite large paragraphs. It also depends on the regulations of your school. Some schools only look at the plagiarism rate when checking for plagiarism. Sometimes it is considered plagiarism if you quote your own, which is really helpless. . When checking for plagiarism, some schools will look at the source of your citation. If there is a source, it will not be counted. So the most important thing is to see what the school will do.
When CNKI checks for plagiarism, it will rarely exclude plagiarized citations based on your references. In other words, the text you quoted is still considered a duplication rate on CNKI, so you Either quote less, or modify the quotes~