The key to the success or failure of desertification control is how to restore these degraded ecosystems and how to restore these ecosystems. Degraded ecosystems are difficult to reverse by self-repair function, even if it can be realized, it will take decades or even hundreds of years.
Conventional afforestation can no longer meet the requirements of engineering afforestation, so it is urgent to develop advanced technologies to improve the effect of afforestation and sand prevention. Engineering mode is the basic way for human beings to cope with major challenges. This determines that the way for human beings to achieve the goal of combating desertification must be engineering. The main engineering measures being taken are water-saving irrigation project, shelter forest project, road project and fence project. The most important of these engineering measures are water source project and underground water-saving irrigation project. The biggest bottleneck restricting the development of arid and semi-arid areas is "water".
Making full use of every limited drop of water is the primary problem that we must seriously study and solve. How to improve the effective utilization of water resources should be regarded as the top priority to improve the ecological environment and develop agriculture and forestry industries in arid areas. We must abandon the traditional oasis agriculture development model with high water consumption in technology selection, and vigorously develop water-saving agriculture and forestry on the premise of sustainable utilization of water resources in accordance with the requirements of more lighting and less water use when determining development projects.
We actively carry out water-saving irrigation measures in the project area to improve the utilization rate of water resources. On the developed 200hm2 land in the project area, all underground pipe networks have been laid, and micro-irrigation water-saving technologies, including root irrigation technology with independent intellectual property rights, have been adopted. The actual irrigation quota is less than 4500m3/hm2, which is more than 50% less than the flood irrigation quota of local farmers (9000m3/hm2 ~ 12000m3/hm2).
Because of the advanced underground irrigation technology, the evaporation of surface water is avoided, which not only saves water resources, makes full use of limited water resources, but also avoids the secondary salinization and ulceration of soil, so that land resources can be developed and utilized reasonably.
2. Rational planning and correct selection of desert plant varieties.
In desert ecosystem, water stress is the main factor limiting the growth of desert plants and restricting the healthy development of arid ecosystem.
Selecting plant varieties with strong drought resistance, strong windbreak and sand fixation, and quickly restoring and reconstructing shrubs and herbaceous vegetation adapted to thousands of arid habitats in a large area play an irreplaceable and important role in the restoration and sustainable management of degraded ecosystems. The following small shrub economic forests suitable for planting can be considered, such as Lycium barbarum, hawthorn, jujube, jujube and so on. And Chinese herbal medicines such as licorice, codonopsis pilosula and astragalus.