The subject addition method refers to the method of producing inventions or innovations by replacing or inserting other technologies or adding new accessories with specific objects as the main body.
For example, electric fans with timers, refrigerators with temperature display, color TV sets with remote controllers, pencils with rubber heads, foods containing trace elements and traffic lights with white stripes have all been patented.
Pang of Changshu Middle School in Jiangsu Province invented a traffic light that can be recognized by color blindness, adding some white and regular shapes to the current pure red and green traffic lights. For example, adding a horizontal white bar in the middle of the red circle and a vertical white bar in the middle of the green circle can identify color blindness. "Our current traffic lights are all red and green, and color-blind people can't tell the difference between these two colors, which brings great inconvenience to life." To prove how inconvenient this is, Pang cited a data: color blindness accounts for 5.6% of the world population. "On one occasion, I saw the traffic police catch a man who ran a red light, and it turned out that he was color blind and couldn't tell the difference between traffic lights, so I had the idea of doing this traffic light."
2. Binary coordinate method
Binary coordinate method is an innovative method which uses plane rectangular coordinate system to punctuate (elements) on two number axes, combine them in turn, and then select meaningful composition. Let's use the simplest example to illustrate.
3. Focusing method
Focus method is to take a predetermined thing as the center and focus, and then form an association point with the listed elements one by one in order to seek the popularization and application of new products, new technologies and new ideas and the solution to a certain problem.
Example: Glass fiber combined with plastic can be made into high-temperature resistant and high-strength glass fiber reinforced plastic.
4. Morphological analysis method
Morphological analysis is to seek various solutions to the problem by classifying and reorganizing the relevant morphological elements of the research object.
Steps of morphological analysis:
1) Determine the object of innovation: accurately state the subject to be solved, including the purpose to be achieved and what kind of principle and technical system it belongs to.
2) Basic factor analysis: that is, determine the main components (basic factors) of the innovation object, and compile the morphological feature table.
3) Morphological analysis: In order to reveal the possible variables (technical means) of each morphological feature, we should give full play to our lateral thinking ability and list various technical means (methods) with this functional feature, whether in this professional field or in other professional fields. Formally, in order to facilitate analysis and further combination, column matrix table is often used. Generally speaking, the table is two-dimensional, and each specific form of each factor is represented by the symbol Pij, where I represents the factor and J represents the specific form. For more complex topics, you can also use the morphological matrix of multi-dimensional spatial patterns.
4) Form combination: According to the overall functional requirements of the invention object, the forms of each element are arranged and combined one by one, and all possible combination ideas are obtained.
5) Evaluation and selection of the most reasonable concrete scheme: after selecting several better ideas, the best scheme is finally selected through further concretization.