Although it is winter now, the temperature always goes up and down like a roller coaster, and it is easy to get caught. Have you noticed that there are a lot more coughing and sneezing sounds on the recent buses and subways?
Autumn and winter are not only the peak seasons for influenza, but also the patent period for pneumonia. However, pneumonia can be divided into two types according to the location of the disease: community-acquired pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia.
Generally, we are most likely to suffer from community-acquired pneumonia. Community-acquired pneumonia refers to pneumonia suffered outside the hospital. The pathogens are mainly bacteria, viruses, chlamydia, mycoplasma and other microorganisms. Community-acquired pneumonia is mostly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia
Pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia can be divided into the following five categories:
(1) Bacterial pneumonia
(2) Viral pneumonia, such as: influenza virus, measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus, herpes simplex virus, etc.
(3) Mycoplasma pneumonia, caused by bronchial gas.
(4) Fungal pneumonia, such as: Candida albicans, Actinomycetes, etc.
(5) Pneumonia caused by other pathogens, such as: parasites, chlamydia, toxoplasma, protozoa, rickettsia, etc.
Clinical diagnosis basis of community-acquired pneumonia
1. Community onset
2. Cough, sputum, dry throat, sore throat, nasal congestion, runny nose , Hoarseness, or the original symptoms of respiratory diseases are aggravated, and pus-laden sputum appears. Some patients have chest pain, chest tightness, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, and a small amount of hemoptysis
3. Fever, chills, headache, and dizziness , fatigue, body muscle and joint aches, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and in severe cases, confusion may occur
4. Signs of pulmonary consolidation and/or moist rales
5. White blood cell count greater than 10,000 or less than 4,000, with or without left nuclear shift
6. Chest X-ray examination shows patchy, patchy infiltrative shadows or interstitial changes, which may If there is pleural effusion
Auxiliary examination methods include: blood routine, CRP, oxygenation assessment and arterial blood gas analysis, clinical biochemistry, and chest imaging.
How to prevent it?
Community-acquired pneumonia is uncomfortable and can be fatal if not properly treated in the later stages, so it cannot be ignored. We should start with prevention. So how to prevent community-acquired pneumonia? Vaccination: Pneumococcal vaccine (including pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) can be vaccinated at an appropriate time under the guidance of a doctor. During the high influenza season, you should also pay attention to getting the influenza vaccine in advance to prevent the occurrence of influenza and pneumonia. Quit smoking: Smoking causes serious damage to the lungs. Smoke easily passes through the trachea and into the lungs when smoking, irritating the mucosal tissue of the lungs and aggravating symptoms. Therefore, smokers should actively cooperate with quitting smoking. Reduce the spread of pathogens: When symptoms of respiratory diseases such as coughing and sneezing occur, you should wear a mask in a timely manner, or cover your mouth and nose with tissues, clothing, etc. Maintain oral health: In addition to paying attention to nasal secretions, you must also take better oral care to avoid clogging the respiratory tract. Add or remove clothing appropriately: Because the weather changes so drastically, we must pay attention to the weather forecast in a timely manner and add or remove clothing appropriately in a timely manner. Develop good hygiene habits: Keep your home well ventilated, practice hygiene regularly, change clothes and wash hands frequently. Do not go to crowded public places to avoid cross infection. Exercise regularly, avoid drinking too much, stick to a balanced diet, and improve your immunity. If you have severe respiratory symptoms, please seek medical treatment promptly.