Used in food, feed, medicine, chemistry, agriculture and other fields. Glutamate is an important amino acid that we eat.
Monosodium glutamate is produced by glutamic acid. Before 1957, people hydrolyzed gluten or soybean protein by acid method.
L- glutamic acid is prepared. 1957, a strain producing glutamic acid was isolated and obtained, and a lot of research was carried out.
After research, glutamic acid was successfully fermented on a large scale [1].
The establishment of glutamic acid fermentation method greatly promoted the research on microbial production of primary metabolites.
Use. Encouraged by the success of glutamic acid fermentation, various research projects have been started. MSG is now entirely made up of
Fermentation is mainly used to produce monosodium glutamate, a food flavoring agent, with an output of over 400,000 tons.
Present situation and prospect of monosodium glutamate
In recent years, monosodium glutamate has become a widely used condiment, and its consumption is on the rise in China. monosodium glutamate
The output has increased rapidly. 200 1, the output of monosodium glutamate was 912,800 tons, and the output in 20021-June was 530,400 tons, which was higher than that in 2002.
Growth in the same period of last year 17.92%.
Monosodium glutamate is a strong base and weak acid salt, which can be completely ionized into glutamate ions and sodium ions in aqueous solution. kind
Amino acid is a kind of amino acid, the basic unit of protein, and an important nutrient for people and animals.
After monosodium glutamate is absorbed by human body, it is also ionized into glutamate ions and sodium ions to participate in the formation of human body respectively.
Thanks for this activity. Therefore, monosodium glutamate, as a flavoring agent, can not only increase the delicacy of food, but also have special physiological functions in human body.
Use.
(1) Glutamate is formed by transferring the amino group in its molecule to alanine through the action of transaminase in human body.
alanine
(2) Glutamate and ammonia in blood form nontoxic glutamyl ammonia, which reduces the concentration of ammonia in blood.
The danger of ammonia poisoning.
(3) Glutamate combines with cystine and glycine in vivo to form glutathione. This compound is very rich.
Effective antioxidants are conducive to delaying aging and promoting disease recovery. It can break down what is produced during metabolism in the body.
Raw peroxide can prevent the body from being hurt by peroxide, which is beneficial to maintaining health.
(4) Glutamate can form V- aminobutyric acid in vivo, which is a neurotransmitter and contributes to nerve conduction;
Some people say that monosodium glutamate supplements the brain, and the reason is probably based on the formation of this substance.
China condiment industry is experiencing unprecedented prosperity and development, but it is also in a period of great change, great integration and great development. Foreign transnational food
Pinpin Group is involved in the production of condiments and has made frequent acquisitions in China. Domestic private capital has also invested in condiment industry. It can be said that from
From northeast to northwest, from north to south China, the pattern of condiment production enterprises dominated by state-owned enterprises is undergoing tremendous changes.
The market of many state-owned enterprises has gradually shrunk, creating conditions for industry integration and enterprise mergers and acquisitions, and giving up the market. At the same time,
The competition in condiment market is becoming increasingly fierce, and the brand benefits are becoming increasingly obvious.
Glutamate is one of the most productive amino acids at present. At the same time, the fermentation process of glutamic acid is also aminated.
It is the most typical and mature in acid fermentation production. We take the fermentation of glutamic acid as an example to discuss the fermentation process.
Mysterious.
Chapter 65438 +0 Scheme Demonstration
1. 1 principle and technological process of starch saccharification
According to the properties of raw starch and different hydrolysis catalysts, there are three methods to hydrolyze starch into glucose.
Types: acid hydrolysis, enzyme hydrolysis and enzyme-acid combination. In this experiment, starch was hydrolyzed by acid hydrolysis. First of all, it is because of the instruments in the laboratory.
Equipment and conditions are limited; secondly, acid hydrolysis production is convenient, equipment requirements are simple, hydrolysis time is short, and cost is low.
Large production capacity and the like.
1. 1. 1 starch acid hydrolysis principle [2]
Starch is hydrolyzed by acid to produce glucose peroxide.
In this process, three chemical reactions occur simultaneously: precipitation.
The hydrolysis of powder produces glucose, which is the main reaction; then
It is a complex reaction of some produced glucose.
Gentian sugars, isomaltose and other oligomers should be produced.
Sugar; There is also a part of glucose decomposition reaction.
5- hydroxymethylfurfural, organic acids and colored substances.
Sugar substance. During the acid hydrolysis of starch. These three