(0 140 10 of 208 Brigade of Baotou Nuclear Industry, Inner Mongolia)
[Abstract] The Nvheting super-large uranium deposit was discovered in the early 1990s by drilling with "large spacing and large profile" according to the prospecting idea of sandstone uranium deposits in regional interlayer oxidation zone. By 1996, the hydrogeological conditions of in-situ leaching of the deposit were evaluated, and it was considered that the in-situ leaching mining conditions were not available and the exploration work was stagnant. In 2006, the exploration idea changed from "sandstone type in regional interlayer oxidation zone" to "sedimentary-diagenetic type", and the mining idea changed from "in-situ leaching mining" to "conventional mining". The deposit was further investigated and refined, and it was confirmed as the first super-large uranium deposit in China. The deposit occurs in Erlian Formation of Upper Cretaceous. The ore body is deeply buried and stably extended, and the associated elements scandium and selenium have reached the comprehensive utilization value. It belongs to sedimentary-diagenetic uranium deposit.
[Keywords:] Nujiang Pavilion; Super-large uranium deposits; Maximum lake flooding surface; Sedimentary diagenetic type
Nvheting uranium deposit is the first super-large uranium deposit in China. The deposit is located about 30 kilometers southwest of Erenhot City, and its administrative division is under the jurisdiction of Ersumu in Erenhot City, and it is adjacent to G208 National Road and Ji 'er Railway in the east, with convenient transportation. The deposit has a flat terrain and belongs to the Gobi grassland landscape with low mountains and hills on the plateau.
1 discovery and exploration process
According to the transformation of exploration and mining ideas in different exploration stages of Nuheting uranium deposit, the discovery process can be divided into field exploration stage, regional interlayer oxidation zone sandstone-type uranium exploration and evaluation stage and sedimentary-diagenetic uranium exploration and evaluation stage.
1. 1 site investigation stage
Uranium prospecting in Erlian Basin began in 1950s and ended in 1980s. Ground and aerial radioactivity survey and field prospecting were mainly conducted in Wulanchabu Depression.
198 1 ~ 1984, the 208th Brigade of the Nuclear Industry conducted a regional uranium survey and general survey in Erlianhao-Sai Han Gaobi area, and found 2 17 uranium deposits, more than 200 mineralization points and various anomalies, and more than 700 anomalies.
During the period from 1982 to 1984, the center for aerial survey and remote sensing of the nuclear industry carried out the aeromagnetic survey of1∶1∶ 200,000 in the whole region, learned about the characteristics of regional radioactive physical fields and found more than ten sedimentary aviation anomalies.
During the period of 1987 ~ 199 1 year, the No.208 Brigade of the Nuclear Industry conducted energy spectrum measurement of automobiles in Erlianhao-Sai Han Gaobi area, and found an abnormal radon halo measured by γ, U, Th and polonium methods, which was about 150.00km long and about 50.00 km wide.
At this stage, the uranium anomalies discovered by gamma survey and ground radioactivity survey mainly trace back to the surface, and several uranium mineralization anomalies such as Chagan small uranium deposit, 136, 137, 2 17, 8 12, etc. have been discovered successively, which has accumulated valuable geological data and rich prospecting experience for later uranium prospecting.
1.2 prospecting stage of sandstone-type uranium deposits in regional interlayer oxidation zone
In the early 1990s, in-situ leaching sandstone-type uranium deposits were characterized by shallow burial, large scale and easy economic exploitation. With the maturity of in-situ leaching mining technology in the Soviet Union, the United States and other countries, interlayer oxidation zone sandstone-type uranium deposits became the key prospecting type in the world. During the period of 1989, the Geological Bureau of China Nuclear Industry organized a symposium on uranium prospecting in Erlian Basin, which was attended by geological experts from Northwest Geological Survey, Northeast Geological Survey and Beijing Institute of Nuclear Industry Geology. The meeting decided to focus on sandstone-type uranium deposits in Erlian Basin and interlayer oxidation zone-type uranium deposits in the future, and in the following year, under the auspices of the 208th Brigade of the Nuclear Industry, the Five-year Plan for Uranium Prospecting and In-situ Leaching Experiments in Erlian Basin of Inner Mongolia was compiled.
1990, the No.208 brigade of the nuclear industry began to work according to the idea of finding sandstone uranium deposits in the regional interlayer oxidation zone. Using the drilling method with large spacing and large profile, seven boreholes were drilled in the uranium anomaly halo compound area, five of which were industrial boreholes, and the Nuheting uranium deposit was discovered. It is considered to be a sandstone uranium deposit in interlayer oxidation zone [1], followed by 19656. In recent years, 225 boreholes have been drilled in Nuheting uranium deposit, including special hydrogeological boreholes 13, and the drilling workload has been 26000m m..
During the period of 1992 ~ 1993, the 208th Brigade of the Nuclear Industry cooperated with experts from the 203rd Institute of the Nuclear Industry and the Hongshan Geological Consortium of Uzbekistan to conduct in-situ leaching tests. After a series of indoor and field tests, it is considered that the Nuheting uranium deposit is a hydrogeological area that is not suitable for in-situ leaching mining. There are many unfavorable factors in in-situ leaching mining, and the method of in-situ leaching mining of uranium is not mature. Due to the unsuccessful in-situ leaching test of the deposit, and influenced by factors such as the sharp decline in investment in geological exploration at that time, according to the economic and technical indicators at that time, the Nuheting uranium deposit could only be treated as a "dead mine", so the exploration work was interrupted for nearly ten years from 1997 to 2005. During this period, the comprehensive research of Erlian basin has not stopped, among which there is no unified understanding of the genesis of Nuheting uranium deposit. Scientific research and production units in the nuclear industry have successively proposed "two-way provenance, two-way catchment, two-way mineralization", "ancient phreatic water oxidation, post-interlayer oxidation, dual-generation ore", "sedimentation-diagenesis, oil-gas interaction, supergene transformation", "supergene transformation of syngenetic sedimentation", "interlayer oxidation zone type" and "diving-interlayer oxidation zone refueling gas reduction geochemical barrier mineralization".
1.3 exploration and evaluation stage of sedimentary-diagenetic uranium deposits
In 2006, the No.208 Brigade of the Nuclear Industry conducted an in-depth analysis of the genesis of the deposit again, and concluded that the uranium body of the Nuheting uranium deposit mainly occurs in argillaceous rocks such as mudstone and siltstone of Erlian Formation of the Upper Cretaceous, and the genesis of the deposit is obviously different from that of sandstone-type uranium deposits. It is innovatively put forward that the Nuheting uranium deposit is mainly controlled by lake flooding events, and it is considered that the Nuheting uranium deposit should be a "sedimentary-diagenetic" uranium deposit, and the exploration idea should be to find a "sandstone-type regional interlayer oxidation zone". In addition, due to the characteristics of shallow burial and stable and continuous ore body, the mining idea has changed from "in-situ leaching mining" to "conventional mining", and the Nvheting deposit has been investigated in detail and evaluated in a new round. From 2006 to 2009, the China Bureau of Nuclear Geology issued the project "Detailed Investigation of the Nuheting Uranium Deposit in Erlianhaote City, Inner Mongolia", and completed the detailed investigation of the Nuheting Uranium Deposit according to the type I exploration. The drilling workload was 35,500 m, the cut-off grade of uranium general industrial indicators was 0.0300%, the boundary instrument was 0.02 1m%, and the lowest industrial grade was 0.0500%.
2 The basic characteristics of the deposit
2. 1 structural features
Nvheting uranium deposit is located in Erlianhao 'er sag in the northwest of Wulanchabu sag in Erlian basin. Erlianhaoer sag is a dustpan-shaped sag overlooking the east and west, with Bayinbuluke uplift in the northwest and Aershan uplift in the east. The structure of the Lower Cretaceous in Erlianhao 'er Depression is generally a dustpan-shaped depression with a wide northeast and narrow southwest, with an area of about 1800km2. Changhe (1990) of China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute systematically studied the structural characteristics of the Lower Cretaceous in Erlianhao 'er sag, and further divided the sag into three secondary structural units (attached figure 1), namely, the Naodong sag belt, the central fault structural belt and the Naoxi fault terrace belt, and the three secondary structural units are the Saiwusu fault and the Baoer fault in the northeast. Nvheting uranium deposit is located in the saddle-shaped section in the middle of the central fault structure belt.
Fig. 1 structural zoning map of the lower Cretaceous in Erlianhaoer sag of Wulanchabu sag (modified according to Changdeng 1990)
1- erosion source boundary; 2- fracture; 3- Uranium deposit; 4- Location of Oil and Gas Wells
2.2 Formation characteristics
The basement and erosion source area of Nuheting uranium deposit are mainly composed of Permian acid granite, with occasional exposure of Neoproterozoic metamorphic rocks. The caprock is mainly composed of Lower Cretaceous, Upper Cretaceous, Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary (Figure 2). The ore-bearing strata are Upper Cretaceous Erlian Formation. Erlianhao 'er sag is the main sedimentary center of Erlian Formation. Due to the subsequent uplift of the eastern part of the depression, Erlian Formation was partially eroded, and the strata in the western part were well preserved, with a thickness of 50 ~ 120 m ... The lithostratigraphic structure of this group can be divided into upper and lower members (Figure 3).
Fig. 2 Distribution Map of Geology and Mineral Resources in Erlianhaoer Area of Wulanchabu Depression
1- four yuan; 2- Upper Pliocene Bulgdolas Formation; 3- Oligocene Huerjing Formation; 4-Eocene Yi 'er Ding Man Formation; 5- Eocene Ashantou Formation; 6- Eocene Bayanwulan Formation; 7- Paleocene naomugen formation; 8- Upper Cretaceous Erlian Formation; 9- Upper Jurassic Chagannuoer Formation; 10—— Neoproterozoic allegra Temple Group; 1 1- Yanshanian granite; 12- variscan granite; 13- geological boundary; 14- exploration route and number; 15- industrial mine hole and hole number; 16-mineralized hole and hole number; 17-abnormal hole and hole number; 18— No ore hole and hole number; 19- fluorite deposit; 20— Oilfield location
Fig. 3 Histogram of strata structure of Erlian Formation of Cretaceous in Nuheting uranium deposit.
(According to Jiao Yangquan, 2009, revised)
The lower part of the lower member is brick red and yellow gravelly medium-coarse sandstone, medium-fine sandstone mixed with gravelly siltstone and mudstone; The upper part is gray and gray-green medium-fine sandstone, siltstone and mudstone, with high structural maturity and high composition maturity. Form two positive prosodic combinations from bottom to top. This member is mainly braided river deposit accepted by Lower System Tract (LST).
The lower part of the upper member is gray, dark gray mudstone and siltstone, with a small amount of gray fine sandstone; The middle part is dark gray mudstone mixed with gray white marl; The upper part is sandy, argillaceous gypsum salt layer and argillaceous sandstone. This small layer constitutes 2 ~ 3 anti-rhythmic combinations of top thickness and bottom thickness. Uranium mineralization occurs in mudstone and siltstone, and the upper sandstone and gypsum salt contact with the lower mudstone and siltstone. This section is mainly lake and braided river delta deposits accepted by lake extended system tract and high system tract.
The upper member of Erlian Formation is the main ore-bearing stratum, and the main sedimentary systems of the extended high system tract of Erlian Formation are braided river sedimentary system, braided river delta sedimentary system and lake sedimentary system [4] (Figure 4). Braided river sedimentary system is mainly distributed at the edge of the depression and extends to the center of the depression in a flower shape; In the braided river delta sedimentary system, two genetic combinations of delta plain and delta front are mainly identified. Braided river delta plain is distributed in the northwest edge of Subeng deposit, northwest of Erliannaoer deposit, southeast of Nuheting deposit and Zhangguyin, with a large development area, and the delta plain is mostly tongue-shaped or finger-shaped. There is a large delta front between braided river delta plain and shallow lake, which is strip-shaped and finger-shaped distribution. In the lake sedimentary system, two genetic combinations are mainly identified: shallow lake and semi-deep lake-deep lake. Shallow lakes have a large distribution area and are surrounded by semi-deep lakes-deep lakes. The distribution of semi-deep lake-deep lake is relatively limited, mainly distributed in Subeng, Nuhe Pavilion and Zhangguyin, and often distributed in a beaded northeast direction.
Fig. 4 Distribution map of EST—HST sedimentary system of Erlian Formation in Ernuer area
(According to Jiao Yangquan et al. revised in 2009)
1- granite; 2-braided river; 3- braided river delta front; 4- Braided river delta plain; 5- shallow lake; 6- semi-deep lake-deep lake; 7— Exploration line and number, drilling position; 8- the mainstream of waterways; 9— boundary of denudation zone; 10-uranium deposit
2.3 Hydrogeological characteristics
The Nuheting uranium deposit consists of four water-bearing rock formations: Sai Han Formation of Lower Cretaceous, Erlian Formation of Upper Cretaceous, Neogene and Quaternary. Among them, the water-bearing rock formation of Erlian Formation is divided into two aquifers, the upper aquifer is located above the main ore body and mainly distributed around the ore body, which has a direct impact on the mining of the deposit, and the lower aquifer has no direct hydraulic connection with the main ore bed. In addition, the existence of pore water in Quaternary loose rocks in the deposit depression also affects the mining of the deposit.
The hydrochemical type of the eastern part of the deposit is Cl HCO 3SO 4-Na type, and the western part is Cl·SO 4-Na type. PH 7.4 ~ 8. 1, water temperature 8 ~10℃; The redox potential (Eh value) is -78.0 ~+404.4 mv, which belongs to the redox transition environment.
The uranium content in the groundwater of the deposit is generally (1.04 ~12.40) ×10-5g/L, and the radon concentration is 25.0 ~ 507.0bq/L; The distribution range of radon concentration greater than 100.0Bq/L is in the north-south direction, which is basically consistent with the ore body.
2.4 characteristics of ore bodies
The ore bodies of the Nuheting uranium deposit mainly occur in Erlian Formation of Upper Cretaceous. According to the occurrence horizon, mineralization continuity and spatial correspondence of ore bodies, * * * has divided nine ore bodies, among which there are three ore bodies I, II and III with larger scale. The main ore body I is huge (accounting for more than 92%), with a length of 8.50km, a width of 1.00 ~ 3.50 km and a total area of about 15km2. The shape of the ore body is simple, with a thin plate shape in section (Figure 5) and a "goldfish" shape extending in the north-south direction in plane (Figure 6). Mainly concentrated between E200—E368 exploration line and longitudinal 319-longitudinal 535 line.
Fig. 5 Geological profile of exploration line E320 of Nvheting uranium deposit.
1-Neogene; 2- Paleogene; 3- Upper Cretaceous Erlian Formation; 4- Upper member of Sai Han Formation of Lower Cretaceous; 5— Mudstone and siltstone; 6- Sandstone and conglomerate; 7- boundary of stratigraphic unconformity; 8— Parallel unconformity interface of strata; 9— Uranium orebody and serial number; 10- gypsum; 1 1- drilling position, number and drilling depth.
The buried depth of the roof of the ore body is less than 10 1m, and the buried depth and occurrence are gentle, and the dip angle is12. Among them, the buried depth of the roof of 1 ore body is 8.28 ~ 100.85 m, with an average of 49.55m (table 1), and the buried depth gradually increases from northwest to southeast, which is mainly caused by the modern landform characteristics of high in southeast and low in northwest. The elevation of the roof of the ore body is 893.83 ~ 924.29 m, which has the characteristics of high periphery and low middle, and basically reflects the paleogeomorphological characteristics of the lake expansion period or the main mineralization period.
Fig. 6 Horizontal projection of Nuheting uranium deposit 1 orebody.
1- industrial uranium ore body; 2- mineralized body; 3- exploration line and number; 4- industrial mine drilling and hole number; 5— Mineralized pores and number of pores; 6— Abnormal hole and hole number; 7— No ore hole and hole number
Table 1 List of Buried Depth, Thickness and Grade Characteristics of Main Orebodies in Nuheting Uranium Deposit
The thickness of the orebody in the Nuheting uranium deposit is 0.52 ~ 7.67 m, with an average thickness of 1.49m, in which the thickness of the orebody 1 is 0.43 ~ 7.67 m, with an average thickness of1.51m.. The thickness of ore bodies is generally thick in the north and thin in the south, and the thickness distribution is mainly 0.43~2.00m m.
The ore body grade of Nuheting uranium deposit is 0.030 1% ~ 0.3 143%, with an average grade of 0.0703%. The ore body 1 has a grade of 0.0304% ~ 0.3 1.43%, with an average grade of 0.0772%. The grade distribution is uniform, and there is no obvious high-grade enrichment area.
2.5 ore characteristics
The main type of ore industry is uranium ore rich in clay minerals, followed by uranium ore rich in carbonate. There are four main natural types of ores, including mudstone type, siltstone type, sandstone type, argillaceous (silty) gypsum rock type, a small amount of marl type and glutenite type. Ore structure mainly includes filling structure, metasomatic residual structure and inclusion structure; Structures include layered structure, horizontal bedding structure, fault structure and disseminated structure [5].
There are two forms of uranium in ore: adsorption and uranium ore, with adsorption as the main form. Among them, the adsorbed uranium is distributed in mud, organic matter and pyrite in a dispersed adsorption state; Uranium minerals mainly exist in the form of pitchblende with a small amount of uranium ore.
2.6 Content of related elements
Seven elements [6] such as vanadium (V), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), rhenium (Re), scandium (Sc), cadmium (Cd) and strontium (Sr) in the Nuheting uranium deposit are analyzed and tested, and the contents of scandium (Sc), selenium (Se) and other elements can reach the comprehensive utilization index. The contents of rare earth, molybdenum, cadmium and strontium are close to the comprehensive utilization index. And the occurrence position, shape and occurrence are consistent with the uranium ore body. The thickness of selenium (Se) ore bodies is almost the same as that of uranium ore bodies, while the average thickness of scandium (Sc), rhenium (re) and cadmium (Cd) ore bodies is greater than that of uranium ore bodies. The resources of * * * (associated elements) in the Nukhtin deposit are roughly estimated (Table 2). The scandium ore body with a grade greater than 8× 10-6 has a resource of 232.96t, which is a large scandium deposit. The selenium ore body with a grade greater than 100× 10-6 has a resource of 3609.55t and is a large selenium deposit. The resource of rhenium ore body with grade greater than 1× 10-6 is 30t, which belongs to medium-sized rhenium deposit. The resource of cadmium ore body with grade greater than 10× 10-6 is 29.63t, which is a small cadmium deposit.
Table 2 Estimation of resources with different grades of * * * (associated) elements in Nvheting deposit
(According to Liu Wusheng 20 12)
3 Main achievements and innovations
3. 1 main achievements
1) has realized the first super-large uranium deposit in China, which is a major breakthrough in the history of uranium prospecting in China. The scale of uranium resources in the deposit is huge, and the distribution is stable and concentrated. The reserves of uranium resources in a single main ore body have reached a super-large scale.
2) The combination of * * * (associated) elements in the ore is roughly determined. The contents of scandium (Sc), selenium (Se) and other elements can reach the comprehensive utilization index. The contents of rare earth, molybdenum, cadmium and strontium are close to the comprehensive utilization index. Scandium (Sc), selenium (se), rhenium (Re), cadmium (Cd) and other elements are consistent with uranium ore bodies, and their occurrence position, morphology and occurrence are consistent with 1 uranium ore bodies. At the same time of uranium mining, comprehensive development of * * * (associated) element resources will inevitably bring considerable economic benefits.
3) Using the principle of sequence stratigraphy, the stratigraphic units of Erlian Formation are optimized. Erlian Formation is a third-order sequence. According to the initial flooding surface and the maximum flooding surface, Erlian Formation can be divided into low-level system tract (LST), lake extended system tract (EST) and high-level system tract (HST). It is considered that the lake distribution-high system tract (EST—HST) is closely related to uranium mineralization, which points out the direction for further prospecting in this area and similar areas in Erlian Basin.
4) The ore body characteristics of the Nuheting uranium deposit are basically found out. Uranium ore bodies occur in gray, dark gray mudstone, siltstone and fine sandstone of Erlian Formation of Upper Cretaceous. The ore body is flat and plate-shaped, with the characteristics of simple shape, good continuity, shallow burial and easy mining, among which the main ore body accounts for 90.6% of the total resources of the deposit.
5) The ore characteristics and the existing forms of uranium are basically found out. The ore types are mainly uranium ore rich in clay minerals, followed by uranium ore rich in carbonate, and the existing forms are adsorption and pitchblende.
3.2 Main innovation points
1) established a new "sedimentary-diagenetic" uranium metallogenic model of Nuheting deposit, and put forward new understandings such as "lake flooding events control the formation of uranium deposits" and "rich organic matter and pyrite dark mudstone control the distribution space of uranium deposits". There have been at least three major flood events in Nvheting deposit, and a layer of uranium ore body has been formed in the shallow lake deposition stage of each flood event. Uranium ore body III was deposited in shallow lake siltation stage of initial flood event (Figure 7A), uranium ore body II in middle lake siltation stage (Figure 7B) and uranium ore body I in shallow lake siltation stage of maximum flood event (Figure 7C). From morning till night, the submerged area of each lake gradually increases, which leads to the continuous expansion of the ore body scale from bottom to top. Gypsum rock and Paleogene mudstone at the top of Erlian Formation covered the upper part of the deposit, forming good ore storage conditions (Figure 7D). This genetic model enriches the theory of uranium mineralization, provides a new direction for uranium prospecting in Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary basins in China, expands new prospecting fields, plays a great role in promoting uranium prospecting in China, and has important guiding significance for finding this type of uranium deposits in the future.
2) Established the "sedimentary-diagenetic" uranium exploration method model, and obtained the national defense invention patent of "Nukhtin-type synsedimentary uranium exploration method" and two utility model patents of geophysical logging technology "automatic control device for preventing logging cable from winding" and drilling technology "double-ring stepped tooth composite chip drill", which played a key role in the smooth implementation of the project, expanding the prospecting results and improving the prospecting efficiency.
Fig. 7 uranium metallogenic model of Nuheting uranium deposit
1-Neogene; 2- Paleogene; 3- Upper Cretaceous Erlian Formation; 4- Upper member of Sai Han Formation of Lower Cretaceous; 5— Gray mudstone deposited in lacustrine facies; 6- Gray sandstone and siltstone deposited in delta; 7— Neogene red mudstone; 8— Braided river sedimentary gray sandstone; 9— Braided river deposits red glutenite and sandstone; 10- gypsum; 1 1- lithofacies boundary; 12- normal continuous sedimentary boundary of stratum; 13- unconformity interface of formation angle; 14-initial submerged surface; 15 —— maximum flood surface; 16- low water level system tract; 17 —— lake expansion system tract; 18- high water level system tract; 19-uranium ore body
4 Development and utilization status
Nvheting deposit is a super-large uranium deposit, with large main ore body, shallow burial depth, gentle occurrence, simple shape, stable extension, no later fault structure damage, simple hydrogeological conditions and medium engineering and environmental geological conditions. At present, the deposit is in the laboratory test stage of conventional mining.
5 concluding remarks
The Nuheting uranium deposit was formed under the control of lake flooding under the background of post-fault thermal subsidence and favorable ore source area. Duoersu deposit of Erlian Formation was discovered in the west of Nuheting deposit. There are large areas of Erlian Group lakes in the north, east and south of Zhangguyin mining area. The thickness of lacustrine mudstone is stable and the characteristics of lake flooding events are obvious. The clue of industrial uranium mineralization has been found in Zhangguyin section, so there is still good metallogenic potential in the periphery of Nuheting deposit.
At present, the upper Cretaceous Erlian Formation is mainly exposed in the drilled holes in Erlianhaoer area, but there is little research on the metallogenic conditions of the lower Cretaceous Sai Han Formation and Tengger Singh Formation. Therefore, under favorable uranium source conditions, it is necessary to strengthen the research on whether there are "Nukhtin" or other types of uranium deposits in Sai Han Formation and Tengger Formation.
Scandium, selenium, rhenium, cadmium and other * * * (associated elements) in the Nvheting deposit are of comprehensive utilization value. The comprehensive development of * * * (associated elements) resources should be considered while testing and studying the conventional mining conditions of the Nvheting deposit.
refer to
Zhao,,, et al. Metallogenic prospect of sandstone uranium deposit in interlayer oxidation zone of Erlianhao 'er sag [R]. Beijing Institute of Geology, Nuclear Industry, 1994: 10-68.
Geological characteristics of the Nuheting uranium deposit in Zhang Ruliang and discussion on its oil, gas, water and uranium mineralization [J]. Uranium Geology, 1994, 10(5):257-267.
Kuang, et al. Detailed investigation report of Nvhe Pavilion in Erenhot, Inner Mongolia [R]. 208 Brigade of Nuclear Industry, 2010:1-189.
Jiao Yangquan, et al. Sedimentological background of formation and development of mudstone-type uranium deposits in Erlianhaoer sag of Erlian basin [R]. China Geo University (Wuhan), 2009: 1-209.
Nie fengjun Microscopic characteristics and metallogenic mechanism of the Nuheting mudstone-type uranium deposit in Erlian basin, Inner Mongolia [R]. Donghua Institute of Technology, 2009: 1- 189.
Liu Wusheng, et al. Study on expansion and evaluation technology of uranium resources in Erlian base [R]. Beijing Institute of Geology, Nuclear Industry, 2012:1-179.
Significant progress and breakthrough in uranium exploration in China —— Examples of newly discovered and proven uranium deposits since the new century.
[Author's Brief Introduction] Kang Shihu, male, born in 1977, is a senior engineer. He is currently the deputy director and project leader of the First Geological Exploration Department of the No.208 Brigade of the Nuclear Industry. 200 1 Graduated from East China Institute of Geology, majoring in resource exploration, 20 10, Master of Geological Engineering from China Geo University (Wuhan). Has been engaged in uranium exploration in sedimentary basins. Won two first prizes for uranium prospecting in CNNC, two second prizes for 1, two second prizes for national defense science and technology 1, two "Top Ten Prospecting Achievements Awards" in geological society of china, and the 14th Silver Hammer Award for Young Geologists in 20 13. 20 12 was awarded the title of "Top Ten Outstanding Youth" by CNNC.