Abstract of the paper, for reference only:,
Standardized assessment summary of the paper
Abstract Standardized development is an important indicator to reflect the level of economic development And the world should pay attention to the progress of science and technology. From the judgment of the standard level of norm development, the standardization system and the standardization level to determine the four aspects of standardization evaluation analysis pointed out that the judgment of norm development, the standard level of the standardization evaluation system of standardization does not reflect the overall development, both at home and abroad. Without the operability of a standardized evaluation system, research on a macro-standardized evaluation system at the national level still needs to be further in-depth.
Research on the evaluation of keyword standardization
Introduction
Practice has proven that for the development of human society and in the process of economic development, standardization is the key to promoting socialized mass production. The development, scientific management and modern management, the promotion and application of advanced production organization and production technology are important guarantees for promoting and improving product quality and product variety, eliminating waste and promoting conservation. With standardization increasingly penetrating into the fields of industry, science, technology, foreign trade and domestic distribution, standardization issues have increasingly become an important part of national policies. The development of standardization also reflects one of the important indicators of a country's economic development and scientific and technological progress, and has also become one of the focuses of the world's attention. For a long time, improving standards and standardization levels has been the focus of China's standardization work. At present, the focus of standardization evaluation at home and abroad is the development of standards, the level of standards, the standardization system, and the determination of the standardization level in the following four aspects.
Progress in standardized evaluation research
1. Abstract Development of Standardization and Issues
"From the perspective of changes since the establishment of our? standards, the standardization book summarizes the standardization in our country. The development of standardization policies and regulations of the China National Institute of Standardization in recent years , the formulation of existing standardization technology organization standards and the development of standardization in China have been comprehensively summarized. Some scholars have summarized and analyzed the development of standardization in some industries in China, such as agriculture, logistics, service industry, and information industry. p>
2. Analyze and standardize the standard level evaluation method of the standard level, and point out that the current standard level evaluation method only enters the international advanced level, the international general level, and the domestic level. Advanced level 3. This evaluation method has many shortcomings: first, the evaluation is not comprehensive enough and not objective enough; third, the evaluation standards of the level should be out of touch with international standards, comprehensive evaluation standards of economy, society and writing. Quality standard, product standardization coefficient The standardization coefficient can be divided into: standardization coefficient of variety, quantity standardization coefficient, repeatability coefficient and standardization coefficient value, three parts of natural number calculation, and product cost, comprehensive application of two types of indicator values Standardization coefficient to better reflect the standardization level of the product.
3. Research on the implementation effect of standardization, especially in the economic benefits study. Published in the report "Standardized Economic Effects", it describes nationally representative studies. American Aeronautical Standard NAS1524: Standardization Determination Calculations; La Dona, and Lasalilan "Economic Effects", National Standardization Matsuura Shiro 1972 "Principles of Industrial Standardization ISO/STACO4830: Priority Assessment of Products in International Standardization". In addition, in the mid-1970s, the former Soviet Union summarized more than ten years of research and practical experience and promulgated seven national standards for standardized calculation of economic effects. From 1983 to 1984, China promulgated three consecutive evaluation, demonstration, and standardization standards GB3533.1-83 "Economic Effect" Standardized Evaluation Principles and Calculation Methods, GB3533.2-84 "Standardized Economic Effect Parameter Calculation" Evaluation and calculation of economic effects "and GB3533.3-84" Collection and processing methods of standardized economic effect data.
Under the conditions at the time, these standards did not attract enough attention. With the development of the economy, eventually in the 20th century, scholars on this issue began to study and discuss the improvement of economic effect evaluation methods.
Foreign studies on the economic benefits of standardization, the most prominent one is a German study on the economic benefits of standardization, which studies the impact of standardization on the economy as a whole, analysis of capital and labor data from 1960 to 1996, visit Reflecting technological progress, multiple patents, the number of foreign patents used by Germany, and three indicators of quantitative standards and technology: rules. Standards’ stimulation of technological innovation through regression analysis. Further research shows that technological innovation is a decisive factor in economic development and must be invested in 770 million euros through the promotion of standards and technical regulations and reference to German standardization. In 2001, since then benefits of 1.6 billion euros, a third of which refer to Germany's national economic growth, were created to standardize. , in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada have also used similar methods to conduct a study on the economic benefits of national standardization, and came to basically the same conclusion: a positive role in promoting economic standardization, standardization, but on the economic growth rate The size of the contribution does not agree.
4. Evaluating the level of standardization BR /gt; Currently, there are few studies assessing the level of standardization. Although many economic benefits are proposed for standards and research, these studies are only for standardization assessments that have economic benefits, and make a comprehensive assessment of the overall standardization level rather than the main business standardization evaluation system and enterprise standardization evaluation from a macro perspective. system. There are three specific, more comprehensive and standardized evaluation systems as follows:
(1) Macro-national first-level indicator system, conduct exploratory research on the standardized evaluation of a small number of documents, and organize the standardized efficiency indicators of the national indicator system Based on the rougher literature, it is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the criteria only into economic benefits and social benefits and without specific indicators, it is very difficult for specific operations. It is also difficult for other indicators to fully reflect the level of standardization.
(2) A relatively mature indicator system at the meso level of the industry. Agricultural standardization and evaluation system, this system consists of five levels of indicators and 15 sub-indicators of standardization. China's agriculture is evaluated from the basic level of agricultural standardization, construction level, realization level, economic benefit and ecological benefit level. . Overall, the index system more fully reflects the standardization level from the characteristics of agriculture, but some indicators of the system are difficult to quantify and are useless in practical applications.
(3) A standard evaluation system at the enterprise level of the microeconomic indicator system. The standardization level evaluation method of machinery industry enterprises was issued by the Electrical Branch of the Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Department in 1991. From the standardization management organization, the quality of relevant personnel, standardization plans, funds and conditions, there should be relevant standards and the degree of product standardization. , the implementation of standardization and the standard conditions and means of implementation, governance norms, the establishment of a standard system with technical standards as the main body, and more projects, ***10 first-level indicators and two subordinate indicators, comprehensive evaluation of a certain The standardization level of an enterprise. Although scholars have proposed three index systems, from the standardization system of enterprise management, technical standard system, management standards and work standards, the evaluation index system of the mechanical and electrical service department issued by the implementation standard capacity of these two aspects is a more specific analysis, and the second level and tertiary indicators. For industrial enterprises, the enterprise's standardized evaluation system is based on the scoring method to determine the weight of indicators. The more detailed the division of labor, the higher the latter indicator. However, both the indicator systems compiled in the early 1990s were not widely used in practice and promoted.
Research on the standardization evaluation system, summarized
The summary of the judgment of standardization development and the standard level of the evaluation standard system only partially reflect the national standardization level and cannot comprehensively measure the standardization level. Make clear decisions. The basic principles of the three levels of the country, the standardized evaluation systems of industries and enterprises are basically the same, and the same evaluation methods are used.
Standardized evaluation methods continue to develop. Domestic and foreign scholars have proposed some evaluation methods, including guess evaluation methods, parallel index comparisons and comprehensive laws, including research methods. What are the dominant evaluation methods for existing specifications involving the use of standard product quantities and levels of eigenvalues? The process or service of other countries' standards determines the level of evidence and judgment standards or reference systems or international norms. The standardized evaluation system also has certain shortcomings, especially a set of indicator systems that have a strong one-sidedness. The selected indicators are not very operable and cannot fully reflect the development of standardization. Several standardized evaluation systems in this study are at the micro level and rarely involve the macro level. So far, there is no operable standardized evaluation index system at home and abroad, and the evaluation system of macro-national first-level standards needs to be further deepened.
References:
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