There was an outstanding scientist in Greece named Archimedes. He struggled to verify whether the crown of the Greek king was gold. One day while taking a bath he discovered the law of buoyancy. This principle can be used to solve the mystery of the king's golden crown. This discovery made him excited, and the first words out of his mouth were "Eureka!" which means "I know" and "There is a way." Coincidentally, thousands of years later, a "European Research Coordination Agency" was established in Archimedes' hometown of Europe. The English abbreviation of this agency is Eureka. So, what exactly is the meaning of modern Eureka? What did French President Mitterrand, who proposed the Eureka plan, know? What problem did he have to solve? The emergence of the European Eureka plan is not accidental, but has complex and profound issues. political and economic background. We all know that Western Europe, as the birthplace of the first industrial revolution, has a developed economy and leading technology. For example, West Germany's pharmaceutical and chemical industry, Britain's robots, France's nuclear energy, commercial rockets and aircraft, and other countries' telecommunications are all relatively advanced. However, in the past 20 years, due to the fragmentation of Western European countries, poor relations between the scientific and technological circles and the business circles, the financial and human resources of each country are restricted by the development of high technology, and there is no unified joint technological community, resulting in the European scientific community as a whole. It is relatively strong, but it is far behind the United States and Japan in many emerging fields of science and technology. For example, in computer and information processing, biotechnology, microelectronics, optoelectronics, new materials and office automation equipment, especially in the rapidly changing field of microelectronics, Europe is not on the list. In this regard, French President Mitterrand once carefully analyzed the technological gap between Europe, the United States and Japan, and found that the European Union lags behind the United States and Japan in the following aspects:
Exports of high-tech products Increase the proportion of exports of high-tech-intensive products and achieve a trade balance of high-tech-intensive products;
The application of high-tech in manufacturing, such as communications, data processing, semiconductor intelligent robots, etc. The application of high technology;
The growth rate of high-tech venture capital investment in enterprises, the rate of return of venture capital investment;
The percentage of industrial research investment in domestic output value, the growth of industrial unit labor costs Rate;
The proportion of scientists and engineers to the total number of employees, and the proportion of college graduates to the total population.
Europe's backwardness in the above-mentioned fields directly indicates that Europe is facing an economic and technological crisis, and how to solve these problems has long troubled the leaders of Western European countries. For example, at that time, 90% of the electronic products on the European market came from the United States and Japan, and only 10% were European products. However, 95% of the integrated circuits among the self-produced electronic products in Europe were imported from the United States and Japan, and all microcomputers relied on American products. Patented production, chip manufacturing and inspection equipment are almost all from the United States and Japan. Among the top ten integrated circuit companies in the world, Philips is the only one in Western Europe. Europe's innovation capabilities are poor, its economic growth is slow, and its unemployment rate is increasing. As a result, there are theories of "the beginning of the Pacific Age" and "the decline of Europe." The situation is already very serious. French President Mitterrand, with his keen insight as a statesman, felt that it was time to take action to resolve this crisis.
In March 1983, US President Ronald Reagan proposed the "Star Wars" plan. Since the plan is directly related to the security of Western Europe, and the United States also wants to reduce the economic burden and risk involved in implementing the plan, the United States has repeatedly invited Western European countries to participate, which has aroused strong repercussions in Western European countries. After a period of hesitation, consultation and discussion, after much deliberation, the best strategy was for Western Europe to unite to carry out scientific and technological research and go its own way. In Mitterrand's words, "Europe must unite around a great project."
Therefore, on July 17, 1983, Europe held its first meeting in Paris, the French capital. The meeting was attended by the foreign ministers and science and technology ministers of 17 Western European countries and the member states of the European Community Council, and formally proposed the European Project Eureka. Western European leaders hope to use the implementation of this grand plan to grasp the future of economic and technological development in Europe and the world, which is of far-reaching significance.
Building a European "Pyramid"
The proposal of the Eureka Plan is a major decision made by the leaders of Western European countries to assess the situation. They agreed that in order to reverse Western Europe's increasing strategic dependence on the United States and its increasingly declining status on the international stage, and to make Europe economically revitalized and politically independent, they must unite and jointly formulate a high-tech development plan. plan. As French President Mitterrand said, the implementation of this ambitious plan will enable Europe to "master all high technologies" and thus "become a continent entering the 21st century." The implementation of this plan will not only enable Europe to catch up with the United States and Japan in cutting-edge technology, but also ensure and consolidate Europe's position in the world political landscape. Specifically, Europe's Eureka Plan is to achieve the following goals:
Promote human scientific and technological progress, accelerate world economic development, revitalize the European economy, expand Europe's influence on the world, and restore its past glory ;
Enable Europe to remain among the ranks of world economic powers after entering the 21st century;
It will consolidate and expand the political and economic alliances between Western European countries, the United States, and Japan. Technical cooperation;
will continue to make Europe a relatively independent force in the development of world politics toward multipolarity. The Eureka Plan started Europe's new technological revolution by focusing on five major technological areas.
European Computer Project: including the development of a super large vector computer with a speed of 30 billion floating point operations; a synchronous multi-processor with a speed of 2 billion floating point operations, which can be used for digital analysis and signals and images processing; multi-language information conversion system, establishment of computer-aided translation system; advanced multi-purpose sub-micro level European information microprocessor and other 13 items. European robot plan: including the development of a third-generation safe civilian robot in Europe that can act autonomously, make decisions and facilitate human-machine dialogue; develop flexible systems that assist design, manufacturing, production, and management through extensive cooperation to achieve full factory automation; develop high-power, high-efficiency robots , high penetrating power and high aiming, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ultraviolet and free electron type high-power lasers.
European Communications Network Plan: Including the development of a European large-scale digital switching system with a capacity of 100,000 doors and an output speed of 34 to 140 Mbit/s; the development of a large-scale digital switching system including broadband multi-channel switches and video conferencing equipment. Broadband data processing and office automation systems; including long-distance optical fiber digital transmission and fixed-point communication satellite broadband optical fiber transmission system.
European biotechnology plan: including the use of monoclonal antibody methods to produce and reproduce artificial seeds of crops, and the use of artificial protection methods to cultivate anti-viral, high-quality and high-yielding hybrid varieties that transcend sexual reproduction; the development of human 2 items including automatic biological monitoring and adjustment system for implanted device bioreactors. European New Materials Plan: Develop advanced industrial turbines with new ceramic structural materials with an investment efficiency of over 45.
From the research areas covered by the Eureka Plan, it is not difficult to see the determination of the European Eureka Plan to cooperate in revitalizing Europe, and it also shows the direction of the development of Europe's high-tech strategy.
Everyone adds fuel to the flames
The Eureka Project is a crystallization of European cooperation. From the project it initially proposed to jointly tackle key problems to the subsequent results, it formed a cooperative project and participated in The countries and manufacturers, as well as the content of cooperation, are booming from small to large, from shallow to deep, fully reflecting the breadth and coordination of cooperation.
Looking at the number of cooperation projects, after France first proposed 24 projects at the second meeting, various countries proposed additional projects, with Japan proposing more than 300 projects.
After repeated consultations and screening, by April 1986, the coordinator of the Eureka Project announced that 26 projects had been officially approved. Since then, in the two years from June 1986 to June 1988, four consecutive meetings were held in the capitals of the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Spain and Denmark. The number of cooperation projects increased gradually, reaching a total of 165. The specific scientific research topics were There are more than 3,000, and they are still increasing.
Looking at the funding budget, it is also increasing gradually, with the total budget reaching 4 billion European currency units (approximately 3.2 billion U.S. dollars). At the Sixth Conference in Copenhagen, it was also determined that countries would invest US$10 billion in the Eureka Plan by 1997.
Judging from the content of cooperative research, it is becoming more and more extensive, in-depth, specific and meticulous. The initially proposed cooperation content involves everything from high-speed computers to education and household standard microcomputers, from high-power lasers to systems to industrial and cutting laser equipment, from automated electronic card factory management systems to expert systems that deal with safety control issues in major factory accidents, from ceramic and new alloy parts for automobile engines to vehicle noise discriminators, and medical diagnostic automation equipment, etc. , it can be said that it covers everything from industrial production to daily life.
As collaborative research continues to extend to high-tech frontiers, these projects include: efficient and safe transportation systems, European software factories, sub-(0.1) micron ion beams, advanced operating rooms in 2000, and eliminating toxic waste Lasers, program-controlled universal modular color display systems, European ocean engineering, European advanced aerospace information exchange engineering, third-generation fast action robots, automatic bomb defusing robots, 2000 automotive materials and automatic guidance systems, information technology and communications, flexible manufacturing system and so on. The Eureka Plan project involves a wide range of high-tech collaboration, and also focuses on three aspects of high-tech applications: environmental governance, promoting the establishment of European networks, and promoting the development of the European community in various technical fields. The vast majority of these projects have development, product processing and industrial service capabilities with world market potential, thus giving some small and medium-sized enterprises a place and gaining welcome and support from various countries.
The Ministerial Conference in Eureka reiterated the need to "build a large, consistent, dynamic, export-oriented European Economic Area" and emphasized the need to build an internal European market by 1992. At the same time, it emphasizes the guiding ideology of strengthening government participation and close cooperation between scientific research institutions and industrial sectors, and attaches great importance to the potential value of small and medium-sized enterprises' efforts to stimulate technological innovation, which is of great significance to solving employment and improving technological levels. When everyone adds fuel to the flames, Western European countries unite and cooperate, striving to build a vibrant European economic space with concentrated opinions to enhance external competitiveness.
As the Eureka Project projects become more and more extensive and their coverage expands, as the situation develops and based on the continuous summarization of experience, project management is required to become more and more strict and meticulous. It is stipulated that each cooperation project must clearly define basic performance requirements, costs, and development cycles, and specific participants and interested parties must be listed one by one to make it proceed in an orderly manner. At present, we have not only strengthened cooperation in high-tech applications in daily life and work, but also intensified close collaboration in space technology to further get rid of the technical constraints and constraints of the United States and Russia, including supporting the European Space Agency's research and development Europe's first recyclable space launcher-"Eureka" is the first step towards the long-term plan of independent development of the European space transportation system. It will provide Europe with the development of an unmanned autonomous platform. high-tech development experience.
The careful cooperation between many countries has attracted the attention of all countries. Everyone deeply feels that the unity of Western Europe will affect the development of world economy and technology. On October 5, 1987, Japan's "Nikkei Kogyo Shimbun" published a series of articles on "Technological Creation Facing Booming in the 21st Century", pointing out: "Soon the European Community will become the 'European Technology Community'" , and predicted that it will greatly enhance its competitiveness with the United States and Japan in the high-tech field.
Can Europe regain its past glory
The implementation of any work plan depends on strong leadership, tight organization, effective measures and strict disciplinary system. For a grand multinational cooperation project like Eureka, the organization work is even more important and complicated. For this reason, the "Charter" of the Eureka Plan on November 6, 1985 clearly stipulated that the coordinating body of the Eureka Plan is the Council of Ministers. The coordinating body is composed of government members of participating countries and members of the European Community. The Council of Ministers is responsible for the content of the Eureka programme, organizing its further development and evaluation of its results. When senior representatives of the participating countries hold a group meeting, they should report to the meeting the implementation status of the plan and propose corresponding measures. Generally, it should include five items: first, to promote information exchange in the country; second, to strengthen contacts between enterprises and scientific research institutions in participating countries; third, to inform senior representatives of other countries about the fields and projects they hope to develop; fourth, The first is to introduce the country's preparations for the implementation of the plan to the meeting; the fifth is to discuss solutions to certain problems with representatives of other countries and clarify the implementation and cooperation methods of the plan. These are the important organizational guarantees for the smooth implementation of the Eureka Plan. The main characteristics of the implementation of the Eureka Plan can be summarized as "practical, flexible, and government participation but not interference."
Actual - All projects of the Eureka Plan have clear goals, either products and services that are practical for the common people, or large-scale facilities that only the country can care about. Anyway, they cannot be developed blindly and there is no market at all. Prospect products. The period of cooperative research and development and production is also very clear, ranging from 10 years to three to five years, and the length should be matched with the short term. There will never be a "beard project". The arrangements are very specific and thoughtful to ensure implementation. It is also stipulated that research, production, and factory must be guaranteed—to the end. The usage project is not completed until the product leaves the factory. This makes the cooperation plan highly practical and practical, rather than empty talk or fickle talk.
Flexible - The Eureka Plan has great flexibility in project identification and cooperation methods, with various contents and eclectic forms. It mainly focuses on industrial applications, but can also engage in some basic research. Participating units are also very flexible, and even basic scientific research units are welcome to participate. In September 1985, French Minister of Science and Technology Curien said during his visit to China that the participating countries of the Eureka Project have greatly exceeded the scope of the Communist Party. He even stated that if companies outside Western Europe (including Chinese companies) Those who are willing to participate in cooperation are also welcome. There is no "membership fee" to participate in the Eureka Plan. Funds are shared according to the project. The amount of sharing can be more or less. The specific form of cooperation is also decided by the parties. “The purpose of the Eureka Plan is not to establish new scientific research institutions, but to invigorate scientific research in Western Europe.” This kind of cooperative joint venture system that is both loose in organization and very close in project is very desirable.
Government participation - The Eureka Plan was proposed by politicians and agreed upon by government ministers from various countries at a meeting. Cooperation projects were also jointly studied and determined by senior representatives sent by various governments. But the original proposers of specific cooperation projects were manufacturers, not government leaders. Governments of various countries provide important agenda support in terms of funds, laws, and actions, but specific research projects are selected by the partner companies. They are only collected, registered, and centralized by the Eureka Project Secretariat without many official restrictions, so there are no official restrictions. Western European private manufacturers have strong appeal. Therefore, the government is involved but does not interfere. Entrepreneurs are doing the specific things. Generally speaking, the main beneficiaries are enterprises and institutions. Such economic revitalization results in making the country strong through the prosperity of the people. This official attitude towards transnational cooperation is one of the important conditions for the smooth implementation and continuous development of the Eureka Plan.
Twin Brothers-Euclidean Plan
The Eureka Plan of Western European countries is a grand economic and technological plan aimed at developing high-tech for civilian use. However, today any country, let alone a group of countries, faces the threat of a powerful military power and must strengthen its military power to protect its own security. Otherwise, economic development is not guaranteed.
Therefore, the implicit goal of Project Eureka is to enable Europe to establish a space defense independent of the American "Star Wars" program.
As early as 1976, NATO European countries established an "Independent European Planning Group" (ZEPG) with the participation of 12 countries in order to promote arms planning and production cooperation. Spain joined NATO in 1982, bringing the organization's membership to 13. Its main purpose is to develop European resources through effective development cooperation, promote and improve the standardization and generalization of weapons and equipment, and maintain the industrial and technological foundation required for European joint defense. At the beginning, it was not active and had no major activities, but by 1984, when the Reagan administration in the United States proposed the "Star Wars" plan, at two meetings of the Ministers of Defense in November 1984 and June 1985 (according to the The organization's charter stipulates that defense ministers' meetings be held twice a year and equipment ministers' meetings are held monthly), and more than 30 military cooperation research and development projects have been identified.
By 1987, the "Independent European Planning Group" proposed a research report entitled "Building a Stronger Europe" and formulated three "action plans": First, we must build an open Europe. defense market; secondly, we must further carry out European defense research and development work; thirdly, we must promote the development of national defense industries. On June 28, 1989, at the NATO European Defense Ministers' Meeting held in Lisbon, Portugal, the issue of strengthening research and development of cross-border military high-tech cooperation was discussed, and the second subcommittee (responsible for research and development) led by France was approved. Technology) proposed the "European Long-term Defense Cooperation Initiative" (EUCLID), or Plan Euclid, which the French call "Military Eureka." An agreement was formally signed in Copenhagen on November 6, 1990, to initially invest 800 million francs to implement the plan, of which France promised to provide 1/3 of the budget and would participate in most project plans.
Why was the Euclid Plan proposed?
First, it was to compete with the Soviet Union for military and technological advantages. The Western bloc has always adopted the policy of using technological superiority to offset its quantitative advantage in the arms race with the Soviet Union. Faced with the challenge of the Soviet Union's military technological progress, NATO's European member states believed that only by strengthening defense technical cooperation and establishing a "European pillar" could they counter the Soviet military threat.
The second is to compete with the United States in the European arms market. Although the United States engages in extensive arms cooperation with its European allies, there are still great conflicts in technology transfer and product exports. The United States uses the "Batum Organization" as a reason to restrict the export of key military technologies from Western countries to Warsaw Pact countries, and to control its Western allies. European countries have long seen the essence of the problem. Taking advantage of the results achieved by the Eureka Project in recent years, they are determined to independently carry out European military and technical cooperation to compete for the European arms market and break the US monopoly.
The third is to make full use of limited defense resources. Defense scientific research funds in European countries are generally insufficient, and are seriously dispersed and duplicated in use. In 1987, the total investment in defense scientific research by NATO countries was US$50 billion, of which the United States accounted for 40 billion, while European countries accounted for much less. In addition, projects were dispersed and duplicated, putting them at a very disadvantageous position in competition. According to European estimates, due to duplication of work, lack of open competition, and small production scale, the cost of European weapon systems has increased by approximately 42 to 59 percent. Therefore, cooperation projects should be coordinated and developed in European military laboratories to strengthen military high-tech cooperation among European countries in the northern region. Their defense resources must be fully utilized to promote the faster development of military high-tech.
The Euclid Plan is a long-term research and development defense technology plan for military high technology. The main projects are determined by the general staff of the participating countries. However, it does not directly develop specific products, but prepares them for future development. The products lay a technical foundation, mainly involving basic technical fields such as electronic components, radar, infrared cameras and satellite surveillance.
11 priority development areas have been initially identified, mainly including modern radar technology led by Germany, focusing on the exploration of new radar functions, new materials and components, synthetic aperture antennas, programmable signal processors, etc.; led by France Microelectronics technology, focusing on assembly technology, unit libraries, application-specific integrated circuits, etc.; composite structures, led by the Netherlands, focusing on material components used under combat conditions, loss prevention measures, maintenance materials in combat, high temperature resistant materials, and electromagnetic windows Materials, etc.; Modular airborne electronic equipment led by Germany, focusing on core components, general characteristics of modules, solutions and system research, etc.; Electromagnetic guns led by the UK, focusing on rails, coil guns, electric heating guns, energy storage and current conversion, etc.; artificial intelligence led by France, focusing on intelligent cockpits, rapid decision-making aids, simulated artificial intelligence, etc.; target control led by Spain, focusing on characteristics such as radar targets, optical and infrared targets, and acoustic targets ; Optoelectronic equipment led by Italy, focusing on night vision, lasers, fiber optic communications, fiber optic detectors, etc.; satellite surveillance technology led by Norway and France, focusing on acceleration sensors, real-time data processing, etc.; led by the United Kingdom and the Netherlands
The first underwater acoustic technology focuses on long-range active sonar, short-range active sonar, passive sonar, etc.
In this way, a cross-scientific research organization participated by 13 countries has determined six basic principles in order to effectively implement the Euclid Plan: First, each priority cooperative research area should be led by one country; Participating countries share costs and results; secondly, the leading country of each research plan is selected by participating countries through consultation, and a plan management committee is composed of representatives from participating countries, which is responsible for the management of plans, costs and plan implementation details; thirdly, according to The implementation details of the research plan will be coordinated by the participating countries. The leading country will select the best bids and submit them to experts from the participating countries for review. Then a briefing on the bids will be presented. The program management committee will decide on the bid selection. Finally, it will be implemented after approval by the second subcommittee of IEPG; Fourth, each research plan is completed by a transnational technology consortium contractor composed of industrial and research institutions from participating countries; Fifth, in order to ensure the implementation of target plans in priority development areas, the chairman of each plan management committee and the participating countries’ Representatives form a coordination committee responsible for coordinating related matters between various plans; sixth, participating countries should allocate their share of budget funds to the industrial and research institutions participating in the implementation of the plan for the use of the lead country. In short, in order to develop their own high-tech military fields, Western European countries launched such a Euclidean military scientific research plan, which should also attract the attention of the world.
The dawn is beginning
The Eureka Project has been developing for more than ten years since its establishment in 1983. What kind of results has it achieved in these ten years? Thanks to the concerted efforts of Western European countries, the Eureka project is flourishing and progressing smoothly. At present, with the changes in the political relations between East and West Europe, the influence of the Eureka Plan continues to expand in Eastern Europe, and it is developing in the direction of joint high-tech research in Greater Europe. The Eureka plan is mainly based on large companies and trusts, supplemented by scientific research institutes. The participating units raise funds by themselves, bear no risks and enjoy the results. Divided by professional and technical fields, Eureka plans to span nine major areas: biotechnology, communication technology, energy technology, environmental technology, information technology, laser technology, transportation technology, new material technology, robots and production automation. In June 1994, the 12th Eureka Plan Ministerial Conference announced the Republic of Slovenia as a new member state, expanding the plan to 23 participating units (including the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Greece, Denmark, Spain, European Union, Austria, Hungary, Russia, Slovenia). The meeting announced 144 new projects (with new investment capital of approximately 900 million euros) and 90 newly concluded projects. As of this meeting, the Eureka Plan has invested approximately 15 billion euros in total, and has announced 836 projects, of which 653 are currently being implemented (183 projects have been completed, accounting for approximately 28% of the total number of projects being implemented). It can be seen from this that the Eureka Project has entered the effective period of commercial development.
From the analysis of the 3,500 project undertaking units of the Yuri Card Project, there are about 2,250 corporate enterprises, accounting for 65% of the undertaking units; there are more than 1,000 scientific research institutions, and the participation rate is less than 30%. The large participation of companies in the Eureka Project determines the market orientation and thus directly serves to improve the competitiveness of European industry.
The Eureka Project has made great progress in the following areas. Information technology: The Eureka plan regards information technology as a vital development area, and its investment intensity accounts for about half of the entire plan. There are 133 implemented projects in the information field of Eureka Plan, of which 33 projects have been completed, which can be divided into two major aspects: hardware and software. In terms of hardware, the most important ones are the more than 50 sub-plan projects of European Union Microsilicon, focusing on the research of large integrated circuit CAD design and processing and manufacturing technology and multimedia terminal working system. In terms of software technology, about 3/4 of the projects carry out software development, using computer-aided technology to improve software production, establishing software factories, etc.
Communication technology: Communication technology is developing at a rapid pace. Computer network technology is combined with traditional wireless broadcasting, movies, television and telephones to create a multi-functional large-scale communication network that is more convenient, more reasonable and more economical. Although the Eureka Plan has few projects in the field of communications, with 39 projects out of which 12 have been completed, its investment ranks second among the nine major technology fields, accounting for approximately 2 billion euros. The focus of communication technology development is the development of large-scale optical fiber and digital communication networks, and the European high-definition television development strategy has moved in the direction of digitalization.
Medicine and biotechnology: Biotechnology is one of the hot research fields that is developing rapidly and has a great impact on the 21st century. The Eureka Project attaches considerable importance to the research of medicine and biotechnology and is currently 149 projects have been implemented and completed, with an investment of 1 billion euros, and 25 projects have been completed so far. Life sciences, as the main project, includes three main aspects: crop improvement and production and processing of biological products.
New material technology: From a technical perspective, Eureka’s new material technology projects can be divided into three aspects: new material research and application technology, new material processing technology, and material design specifications and testing standards. . The application and development of materials is the main body of the field, supplemented by material design and standard research. Among the 76 projects arranged in the field of new materials in Eureka, 20 projects have been completed, with a cumulative investment of 374 million euros.
Robotics and Automation: The focus of this field is flexible integration technology. It is very different from traditional automated production lines engaged in mass production. Flexible integration technology is an advanced manufacturing system used by factories to produce and process a variety of short, flat, and fast products that are urgently needed in the current market. It breaks the limitations of the production line on the production of a specified single product and can quickly and flexibly switch products according to market demand. It is a European machinery One of the main ways for the manufacturing industry to participate in international market competition. There are 155 projects in this field, 42 of which have been completed. The field has accumulated investment in artificial intelligence systems, robot sensors and personnel management systems.
Energy technology: In terms of improving the environmental problems of traditional energy, developing new energy and saving energy, renewable energy and rational utilization of energy, 34 planned projects have been set up, 9 of which have been completed. Energy Research*** investment of 705 million euros. Many projects are engaged in efficient mining, clean production and utilization technology of oil, natural gas and coal.
Transportation technology: The formation of a single European internal market has made the innovation of transportation technology an important issue for Europe's economic and social development. Eureka plans to arrange a total of 56 projects in the field of transportation technology, with a total area of With an investment of 1.5 billion euros, 15 projects have been completed. Most of the projects are developing new land, sea and air traffic command and management systems, expanding and transforming transportation infrastructure, and reducing environmental pollution caused by traffic.
Laser technology: The development and application potential of laser technology is also eye-catching. At present, low-power lasers have been widely used in medical surgery, commodity barcode recognition and industrial processing.
In order to meet the actual needs of industry and national defense, the development and application of high-power lasers urgently need to be developed. The projects in the laser technology field of the Eureka Plan are set up according to this need. Eureka has implemented 21 projects in the laser field, with a cumulative investment of 458 million euros. The project focuses on developing high-power lasers and developing flexible processing technology and applications. The issue of laser use safety is also one of the focuses of the Eureka project. In order to protect the safety of laser users and medical patients, relevant operating procedures and usage standards are being formulated.
Environmental technology: With the development of industrial economy, Europe has increasingly higher requirements for environmental protection in industry. Eureka plans to invest 1.2 billion euros in environmental technology and has 155 projects, 26 of which have been completed. In the Eureka environmental project, the participation rate of non-Eureka member states in Eastern Europe is relatively high, reflecting the inevitable trend of internationalization of environmental issues.
To sum up, the Eureka Plan, which is unprecedented in scale, huge in cost, and the result of European solidarity and cooperation, has produced fruitful results after years of hard work. Through the successful implementation of this plan, can we draw the following revelation: Human beings cooperate too little and fight too much, and a large amount of natural resources and human wisdom are wasted in the endless battles of human beings. There is an old saying in our country: "A fence has three stakes, and a hero has three gangs." Why can't human beings live in harmony and jointly build a better world? The most successful thing about the Eureka Project is not its comprehensiveness and comprehensiveness in project establishment. The high level of technology lies in its spirit of cooperation. The Eureka Project to achieve comprehensive human cooperation, where are you?