Linyi thyroid patent

The phenomenon of (1) hypothalamus → pituitary → thyroid secretion reflects hierarchical regulation. After binding with the receptor, thyroid hormone enters the nucleus from the nuclear pore and acts on DNA, thereby transcribing messenger RNA and synthesizing the corresponding peptide chain, so thyroid hormone regulates life activities by influencing the gene expression process. (2) B stands for islet A cells, and the hypothalamus can directly regulate the synthesis and secretion of glucagon by islet A cells, and directly act on the chemicals of islet A cells. The target cells of glucagon are mainly liver cells, which can promote the decomposition of hepatic glycogen, promote the transformation of non-sugar substances into glucose, and raise blood sugar.

(3)c→d refers to the formation of messenger RNA by transcription, and the raw materials are four ribonucleotides. Hormones are inactivated once they are accepted by the target cells and play a role, so it is necessary to continuously produce hormones in animals to maintain the dynamic balance of hormone content.

(4) When drinking water is insufficient, the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid in vivo increases, which stimulates the osmotic pressure receptor in hypothalamus and secretes antidiuretic hormone, which acts on renal tubules and collecting ducts to reabsorb water to maintain water balance in vivo.

So the answer is: (1) grading adjustment? Gene expression

(2) Neurotransmitters promote the decomposition of hepatic glycogen and the conversion of non-sugar substances into glucose.

(3) Four ribonucleotides? Once the hormone is accepted by the target cell and plays a role, it will be inactivated.

(4) Osmotic pressure of antidiuretic hormone in extracellular fluid