A Study of Wang Anshi's Poems in His Later Years Abroad

In the second year of Qingli (142), Wang Anshi was the fourth scholar, and successively signed books to save the official business of the Judge's Office in Huainan (Yangzhou), to know the affairs of Yinxian County (now Ningbo, Zhejiang Province) and to judge Shuzhou (now Buried Hill, Anhui Province). At one time, he was transferred to Kaifeng as the judge of the animal husbandry department, and then transferred to Changzhou to raise the official business of Jiangnan East Road prison, and was called as the third division. Years of experience as a local official made Wang Anshi realize that the root of social poverty in the Song Dynasty was merger, and the crisis faced by the feudal rule in the Song Dynasty was "worrying about the country internally, but not fearing the barbarians externally". Therefore, Wang Anshi, in the Wanyan Book written by Zhao Zhen in Song Renzong in the third year of Jiayou (158), demanded a comprehensive reform of statutes since the early Song Dynasty to reverse the situation of poverty and weakness. Taking the fact that Sima Yan, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Li Longji in the history only wanted to "relax" and did not seek reform, they finally fell, for example, Wang Anshi had a rare sense of urgency for the reform, and shouted loudly: "If the ancient times are accurate, the world can be safe and chaotic, so don't rush to today when it is possible", and demanded that the reform of statutes be realized immediately; Otherwise, Han died in the Yellow turban insurrectionary, and the history of Tang's death in Huang Chao will repeat itself, and the Song Dynasty will also embark on the road of destruction. The feudal scholar-officials also pinned their high hopes on Wang Anshi, expecting him to come to power as soon as possible. At the beginning of Xining, Wang Anshi, as the minister of Hanlin bachelor's attendants, discussed the way of governing the country with young Song Shenzong Song Shenzong, which won Song Shenzong's appreciation. In the second year of Xining (169), Wang Anshi became an advisor in politics, and the next year, he was promoted to prime minister and began to vigorously carry out reforms.

The purpose of Wang Anshi's political reform is to enrich Qiang Bing, so as to reverse the situation of poverty and weakness in the Northern Song Dynasty and consolidate the rule of the landlord class. Wang Anshi clearly put forward that financial management is the top priority for the prime minister, explained the relationship between political affairs and financial management, and pointed out that "political affairs are the reason for financial management, and financial management is the so-called righteousness." More importantly, before Wang Anshi came to power, he believed that only on the basis of developing production can the national financial problem be solved: "The wealth of the world is generated by the power of the world, and the wealth of the world is taken for the expenses of the world." After taking office, Wang Anshi continued to give play to this view, and once pointed out: "Those who have not done anything today are short of money, so I take financial management as the first priority", while "financial management is urgent for agriculture, and farmers are urgent for getting rid of their sufferings, restraining mergers and rushing to agriculture". In this reform, Wang Anshi put the development of production at the top of the list as a top priority. Wang Anshi believes that in order to develop production, the first thing is to "go to (laborers) suffering, curb mergers, and enjoy agriculture", mobilize the enthusiasm of laborers, and make those idlers return to the front line of production. The harvest depends on people rather than on the sky. To achieve this goal, the state power needs to formulate corresponding principles and policies and carry out top-down reforms throughout the country. Although Wang Anshi emphasized the leading role of state power in the reform, he did not approve of the state's excessive intervention in social production and economic life, opposed to excessive patent expropriation, and put forward and adhered to the proposition and practice of "not too much monopoly law". Under the guidance of Wang Anshi's above thoughts, the reformists formulated and implemented a series of new laws, such as irrigation and water conservancy, young crops, exemption from service, equal loss, easy market, exemption from bank money, and the system of mining tax, and launched a wide range of social reforms from agriculture to handicrafts and commerce, and from rural to urban areas. At the same time, the reformists headed by Wang Anshi reformed the military system to improve the quality and combat effectiveness of the army and strengthen the control over the vast rural areas; In order to cultivate more talents needed by society, the imperial examination and school education system have also been reformed. Wang Anshi personally wrote Zhou Liyi, Shu Yi and Shi Yi, the so-called Three Classics and New Meanings, which provided new teaching materials for school education reform.

The political reform violated the interests of the conservatives and was opposed by them. Therefore, Wang Anshi and JaeHee Ning went on strike for the first time in seven years. In particular, due to the disagreement between Wang Anshi, the designer of the reform, and Song Shenzong, the supreme host of the reform, Wang Anshi could not get more support after the reunification and could not continue the reform. Coupled with the internal division of the Reform School and the death of his son Wang Kan, Wang Anshi resigned as prime minister for the second time in Xining nine years, and has lived in jiangning house since then. In the first year of Yuan You, Song Zhezong (186), conservatives gained power, and all previous new laws were abolished. The reversal of the political situation made Wang Anshi deeply uneasy. When he heard that the exemption law had also been abolished, he could not help but say with indignation, "That's enough!" Soon he died of depression.