(Excerpted from TRIZ Innovation Theory)
What is TRIZ theory?
TRIZ means to invent the theory of problem solving, Russian: теориирешенияизоб. English expression:.
The TRIZ theory was founded by the inventor of the former Soviet Union, G.S. Altschuler, in 1946, and Altschuler was also honored as the father of TRIZ. From 65438 to 0946, Altshuller began to study the theory of invention problem solving. At that time, Altschuler worked in the Caspian Naval Patent Office of the former Soviet Union. In the process of dealing with famous invention patents all over the world, he has been considering such a question: Are there scientific methods and laws to follow when people invent and solve technical problems, so as to realize new inventions or solve technical problems quickly? The answer is yes! Altschuler found that product improvement, technological change and innovation in any field, just like biological systems, all exist and have laws to follow. If people master these laws, they can actively design products and predict their future trends. In the following decades, Altschuler devoted his life to the research and improvement of TRIZ theory. Under his leadership, the research institutions, universities and enterprises in the former Soviet Union formed a TRIZ research group, analyzed nearly 2.5 million high-level invention patents in the world, summarized the laws followed by the development and evolution of various technologies, established a comprehensive theoretical system composed of various methods and algorithms to solve the contradiction between technology and physics, and integrated the principles and laws of multidisciplinary fields to establish a TRIZ theoretical system.
In the past 50 years, Alikh Schulier and his TRIZ Institute have put forward various tools of TRIZ series, such as conflict matrix, 76 standard solution, ARIZ, AFD, material field analysis, DE, eight evolutionary types, scientific effects, etc. The commonly used methods are the macro-based contradiction matrix method (conflict matrix method) and the micro-based object field transformation method. In fact, TRIZ has a relatively perfect theory on the relationship between input and output (effect), conflict and technological evolution.
Contradictions (conflicts) generally exist in the design of various products. According to the compromise method in traditional design, the conflict is not completely solved, but a compromise solution is obtained on both sides of the conflict, or the degree of conflict is reduced. According to TRIZ theory, the symbol of product innovation is to solve or eliminate conflicts in design and produce new competitive solutions. Designers' continuous discovery and resolution of conflicts in the design process is the driving force to promote product evolution.
Technical conflict means that an action leads to useful and harmful results, and it can also mean that introducing useful effects or eliminating harmful effects leads to the deterioration of one or several systems or subsystems. Technical conflict is often manifested as the conflict between two subsystems in a system.
Conflicts in reality are so diverse that a stable solution cannot be established without summarizing them. TRIZ theory induces 39 conflicts in the description of general engineering parameters (at present, the latest theory has expanded engineering parameters to 48, and put forward commercial parameters ***3 1). In practical application, at least two of the 39 engineering parameters should be used to express the internal performance of the two parties to the conflict, and then the inventive principle of solving the conflict should be found in the conflict matrix.
TRIZ's invention principle is the general experience gained by specialized researchers who analyze and summarize the existing innovation achievements in different fields, which has important reference value for guiding innovation in various fields. At present, there are 40 commonly used principles of invention. Practice has proved that these principles play an important guiding role in the invention and creation of designers. When some inventive principles are discovered, specific solutions can be considered according to these inventive principles. When solving problems, we should pay attention to using all the principles we have found as much as possible and don't refuse to adopt any recommended principles. If all possible principles do not meet the requirements, then the conflict should be redefined and re-resolved.
Through the simple application of goldfish method, let us know the application of creative problem analysis method in TRIZ theory in solving practical problems.
The flying magic carpet in Egyptian mythology has caused us countless reverie. Now we might as well analyze this flying magic carpet step by step.
Although there are blankets in real life, they can't fly, because of the gravity of the earth, blankets have weight, and blankets are heavier than air. So under what conditions can the blanket fly? We can exert upward force, or make the weight of the blanket less than the weight of air, or hope that gravity from the earth does not exist. If we analyze the blanket and its surrounding environment, we will find some available resources, such as neutrino flow in the air, airflow, earth's magnetic field, earth's gravity field, sunlight and so on. And the blanket itself also includes its fiber material, shape, quality and so on. Then we can use these resources to find some ways to make the blanket fly. For example, the interaction between the fibers of the blanket and neutrinos can make the blanket fly, and an engine providing reverse force is installed on the blanket. The blanket is suspended in a space without gravity from the earth due to the increase of pressure below (air cushion blanket), using the principle of magnetic levitation, or the blanket is lighter than air. Some of these methods are more realistic, but some still seem impossible. For example, even if a blanket is light, it is heavier than air. We can continue to analyze this point. For example, a blanket is heavy because its material is heavier than air. The solution is to use a material lighter than air to make a blanket, or the blanket is as big as dust particles in the air, and so on.