1 Introduction to academic ethics and academic norms
1.2 Starting with the basic concepts (1)
1. Academic ethics is a special (b) that academic groups or individuals should follow when engaging in academic activities.
I. Research norms
B, professional ethics
C, personal accomplishment
D, professional habits
1.3 from the basic concept (below)
1.(d) refers to the law.
(below)
1.(d) refers to the sum of norms regulating the rights and obligations of academic subjects in academic activities in legal form.
First, ethics
B, technical specifications
C, policy norms
D, legal norms
2.GB/7714—2005 The correct bibliographic description rules belong to (b).
I. Mandatory standards
B. Recommended standards
C, normative standards
D, basic standards
3. Guidelines for Academic Norms of Science and Technology in Colleges and Universities, Guidelines for Academic Norms of Humanities and Social Sciences in Colleges and Universities, and Measures for the Prevention and Treatment of Academic Misconduct in Colleges and Universities belong to (a).
I. Policy norms
B, technical specifications
moral norm
D, legal norms
4. The wrong marking of measurement units belongs to academic misconduct. (error)
5. The specification of references in China follows the Chinese national standard GB3101-1993 General Rules of Quantity, Units and Symbols. (error)
1.4 natural science research process
1. (1) It is a research method that uses tools and rules of natural science to study social fields and human experience, and through observing and measuring the objective material world, seeks the explanation of existing things and predicts future things.
First, empirical research methods
B, speculative research method
C, experimental research method
D, analogy research method
2. The principles of natural science research-repeatability of research procedures and conceptual identity are also applicable to social science research. (error)
1.5 social science research process
1. Aristotle's "syllogism" is a concrete application of speculative research methods. (correct)
2. In 1930s, Fei Xiaotong conducted a series of research in Wujiang County, Jiangsu Province, mainly using interpretive approach method. (error)
1.6 legal issues related to academic research
1. The "learning nature" of graduate students' academic activities determines that graduate students can borrow other people's achievements when writing papers, and the requirements for scientific research norms are not too strict when publishing. (error)
2. The confidential treatment of papers involving state secrets and military secrets conforms to the provisions of the Law on Guarding State Secrets. (correct)
3. Revealing secret matters in academic activities and academic exchanges does not violate the Law on Guarding State Secrets. (error)
4. The works protected by copyright law are automatically obtained from the date of completion of the works, and do not need to be registered by the relevant administrative departments. (correct)
1.7 What are the characteristics of postgraduate academic activities?
1. Graduate students can apply for scientific research projects independently. (correct)
2. The dual purpose of graduate students' academic activities determines that graduate students are different from formal researchers. (correct)
3. Dissertation is the "homework" of graduate students, so it is not necessary to strictly implement academic norms. (error)
4. Xiao Li expressed the core idea of the paper published by his tutor into another paper in his own language. Is this view right or wrong? (error)
2. Specification for the preliminary work of academic research
2. 1 How to determine the research topic
1. The topic of the paper should be innovative and exclusive. (error)
2. The so-called innovative topics refer to those that have not been solved or completely solved, and are expected to gain certain value through research. (correct)
2.2 What are novelty retrieval and project application?
1. Sci-tech novelty retrieval is to issue a report on the basis of retrieval (a).
First, literature
News report
C, the first two
D, none of the above is correct
2. The budget in the application of scientific research project is the key to the success of the project. (error)
3. Papers submitted to journals need to complete the opening report first. (error)
4. The core of novelty retrieval is to examine whether the project applying for novelty retrieval has technological progress and innovation compared with the existing achievements. (correct)
2.3 How to conduct literature research?
1.(c) refers to the comprehensive information retrieval and information utilization activities for a scientific research.
I. Field investigation
B, literature review
C, literature research
D, survey description
2. With the development of modern network technology, library literature resources can be found through search engines such as Baidu, and libraries are dispensable. (error)
The database purchased by our school belongs to public resources and can be used by people outside the school. It doesn't matter to tell others the account number and password of the personal loan voucher. (error)
4. "The database purchased by our school belongs to public resources. As long as it is used for scientific research and teaching activities, the download volume is not limited. " Is this view correct? (error)
2.4 Academic misconduct in the preliminary work of academic research
1. In order to better enjoy academic resources, Li Tongxue downloaded a large number of full-text periodicals in the database by using software tools and made them into CDs for students. (error)
2. It is generally believed that downloading files that exceed the maximum reading or browsing speed per unit time is over-downloading. (error)
3. When writing the application topic, Mr. Shi bought a paper with a similar topic online, and submitted it as his own application report after a little revision. (error)
3 norms in the process of academic research
3. 1 Academic norms in natural science research
1. Bryant is a blood sampler at the University of Oklahoma Health Science Center. He participated in a survey project of children's blood lead content, and marked the blood samples of himself and other staff as the blood samples of the children under investigation. What kind of academic misconduct does this belong to? (3)
First, destroy the research work
B, tampering with data
C, forging experimental samples
D, in violation of the norms of human subjects
2. The characteristics of natural science research objects determine the natural science acquisition mode based on (D).
First, comparison
B, calculation
C, observation
D, experiment
3. Many foreign countries have legislated ethical issues in the use of experimental animals, and the main basis of these laws and regulations comes from the 3R principle. 3R means (ABD).
A, replacement (correct replacement)
B, reduce (reduce the correct ions)
Repeat (repeat the correct ions)
D, optimization (re-error I nemen correct)
4. In animal experiments, on the basis of obtaining the same experimental effect, unconscious experimental materials are used to replace living animals, or lower animals are used to replace higher animals for experiments. (correct)
5. Research data are legal documents used when the authenticity of patent application or published results is questioned, and these data should be submitted to the court for trial. (correct)
6. All research data should be open to other experimental participants under the condition of meeting the confidentiality requirements. (correct)
3.2 Academic norms of humanities and social sciences research
1. Voltaire, a French enlightenment thinker, writer and philosopher, said, "Although I don't agree with your point of view, I will defend your right to express my opinion to the death". Therefore, principle (b) should be followed in academic criticism.