Bergamot is not cold-resistant, but it is more resistant to shade. Too much light can lead to sunburn or damage to shallow roots. The optimum growth temperature is 10-3 1℃. If it is below 0℃, it needs to be moved into greenhouse for wintering, and it can still grow normally at 43℃. It can be planted in the open field of Guangdong and Guangxi, with about one plant per mu 1 10.
Bergamot has low requirements on soil quality, and loose, fertile, breathable and permeable sandy loam is the best, followed by yellow sand and red sandy soil. After the seedlings turn green, they can be planted in all seasons, and the best planting period is1-May and August-September.
Step 2 apply fertilizer
The fertilization of bergamot depends on the age and growth of the tree. Generally, quick-acting organic fertilizer is applied once a month from March to August in the first three years; After entering the full fruit stage, topdressing can be done three times a year, and bran cake, compost, human and animal manure, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer or compound fertilizer should be applied in time before flowering, young fruit stage and after fruit picking, with special attention to winter fertilizer.
Fingered citron should be well fertilized before the fruiting period: that is, quick-acting chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure should be applied once before spring shoots, summer shoots and autumn shoots 65 and 438+00 days. Generally, about 30 grams of urea should be applied to each plant, and 65 and 438+000 grams of phosphate fertilizer should be mixed with 5 kilograms of chicken manure, then weeding should be combined with intertillage, and an annular ditch with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 25 cm should be dug for application, and soil should be covered after September.
Bergamot can enter the fruit-bearing period in the second year after planting, and can continue to bear fruit for about 30 years. Fertilize four times a year, the first fertilization before flowering is in mid-March, and each plant is fertilized with 5 kg of decomposed human excrement and urine; The second time, at the flowering stage, a large amount of fertilizer was needed, and 5 kg of decomposed chicken manure and urea 150 g were applied to each plant.
The third time, fruit fertilizer was applied around "Little Summer", and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were applied again to promote fruit expansion and increase yield. Applying 1 kg compound fertilizer to each plant mixed with 5 kg of decomposed chicken manure and spraying foliar fertilizer with 100 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed with 50 kg of water at the same time is very beneficial to promoting the vigorous growth of trees and fruit expansion.
Applying fruit fertilizer for the fourth time; 65438+ 10. After picking fruits from September to June, symmetrical ditches with a width of 40 cm and a depth of 40 cm were dug at the crown drip line on both sides of the plant, and decomposed chicken manure 10 kg and compound fertilizer 1 kg were applied to each plant, and they were mixed and returned to the pit.
Step 3 plant
After one year's cultivation of cuttings or grafted seedlings, when the height of seedlings is 50 cm, they can be planted in both spring and autumn, especially when the temperature starts to warm up in February and new buds are about to sprout. Generally speaking, for cultivated land, the surrounding drainage ditch should be arranged first, and the nest should be dug at a spacing of about 3m per plant. If plants are planted in the corner of the field, they can be slightly denser. The nest is about 50 cm in diameter and 30 cm in depth. The soil in the nest should be fine, and it is best to arrange it in a triangle.
To plant a seedling in each nest, it must be planted vertically, with fibrous roots extending in all directions. The roots should be jacked up with fine soil, gently lifted several times to make the roots cling to the soil, then covered and compacted with fine soil, and finally covered with soil slightly higher than the ground.
Step 4 manage
During the flowering period of bergamot, redundant flowers and male flowers can be knocked off, and only 1-2 flowers are left on each short branch. Or it is safer to pick when it bears young fruits. Remove fallen leaves and branches in winter. In the growing period, with the removal of seriously diseased leaves, they should be buried or burned centrally to avoid re-infection of germs. Deep ditches are dug around the ground where the bergamot garden is planted to reduce the groundwater level, maintain proper soil moisture and enhance soil permeability.
Spraying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, microelement fertilizer and green Wei Fen on the leaves, and spraying borax at the initial and full flowering stages can improve the life span and photosynthetic capacity of leaves, promote branch maturity and nutrient accumulation, enhance plant stress resistance and increase yield.
prune
Cut the trunk to 15cm, and leave 3-5 axillary buds under it to promote it to sprout strong branches and expand the crown. When the new plant grows to 5-8 cm, the terminal buds and lateral buds are removed, so as to cultivate a certain tree shape and promote it to enter the fruiting stage in advance.
In order to ensure the high and stable yield of bergamot, it is necessary to adjust the tree shape and prune the flower and fruit branches reasonably. The flowers planted in that year should not be allowed to bloom, and the buds should be picked as soon as possible to promote the coarse growth and crown expansion of the tree. Trees that enter the flowering and fruiting period are generally pruned after germination in March and fruit harvesting in autumn and winter.
When controlling flowers and fruits, attention should be paid to removing early flowers (that is, flowers that bloom in late spring and early summer, so most of the flowers that bloom at that time are male and cannot bear fruit), and the redundant axillary buds sprouted on the branches of female flowers should also be wiped off to reduce nutrient consumption, improve growth conditions and achieve the purpose of reducing falling flowers and bearing more fruits. Fingered citron is rough, grows fast and has many branches, so it must be trimmed and reshaped reasonably every year to make the tree vigorous and promote the uniform distribution of fruiting branches.
After picking the fruit, prune and reshape it before germination in March, and cut off the horizontal branches, weak branches, diseased branches and dead branches to make it grow branches in vain. The short branches of bergamot are mostly fruit-bearing branches and should be preserved as much as possible. All summer branches that grow in summer should be cut off, except for a few cases that need to enlarge the crown.
Step 6 weed
Flowers begin to bloom around the time of being stung (March 6). Choose 2-3 robust female flowers for a series of flowers, and the rest are picked. In terms of fruit preservation technology, it is generally required to leave 1-2 fruits in one branch and pick more fruits. When entering the fruiting stage, pull out the weeds around the plants by hand, and don't use hoes to avoid damaging the roots. After five years of planting, fingered citron should be cultivated/kloc-0 times a year. After pruning and clearing the garden, the cultivated tree tray should be covered with a thin layer of grass.
Step 7 deal with
Collection: bergamot begins to blossom and bear fruit 4-5 years after planting. Flowers are picked at the peak of flowering and are picked every morning. If there are flowers at ordinary times, you can pick them one by one. When picking infertile flowers, if you see the small oranges in the pregnant flowers are sharp and thin, and it is difficult to grow them in the future, you can also pick them up and pick up the flowers that have fallen to the ground. In addition, in colder regions, young fruits are often frozen to death after flowering in winter, and can also be picked. Flowers are picked back to dry or dried with anthracite.
Extended data
Because bergamot has high ornamental value and medicinal value, it has high economic value. All kinds of medicinal liquor made of bergamot are fragrant, sweet and delicious, which have been affirmed by experts many times.
Bergamot health tea has won the national patent. Appraised by the Tea Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture. It contains amino acids, vitamins and various trace elements needed by human body, which is a new excavation of Chinese herbal medicine treasure house.
Aromatic oil extracted from the fruit, peel and leaves of bergamot is considered as an important raw material of high-grade tobacco flavor internationally. Experts believe that the prospect of processing food, drinks and brewing bergamot wine with bergamot is very broad.
Baidu encyclopedia-bergamot
Baidu encyclopedia-bergamot