(1) The accumulation of national scientific capabilities. It is formed by tangible factors such as existing scientific research talents, scientific research funds, books and materials, instruments and equipment, and intangible factors such as scientific research system, scientific research management and scientific research environment, which basically restricts a country's scientific research innovation ability and embodies the overall scientific ability of society? .
(2) Accumulation of basic research talents. It refers to the "chain" accumulation of basic research talents with reasonable quantity and structure. Because the transformation and change of scientific paradigm cannot be achieved by one or several outstanding scientists, but must rely on the efforts of one or several generations.
(3) the accumulation of academic tradition. Academics need tradition. Tradition can let young people know which problems are worth studying and which aspects have development prospects, which is very important for a country's scientific development. However, the academic tradition can not be established in a year or two, or even in 20 years of 10. Is it a country's long-term historical accumulation in scientific research? . Academic tradition can be regional or unique to an institution. For example, the Borden effect refers to the difference in the output and recognition of scientific research results caused by different institutions where scientists work. According to statistics, in the history of the Nobel Prize for Science in the past hundred years, the winners of the top five research universities in the world accounted for 37% of the total winners. Therefore, the famous brand effect of innovation base should be strengthened in innovation research.
(4) the accumulation of academic ideas or knowledge. Any original idea is the dialectical unity of inheritance and development. Every scientific research worker must be connected with the academic thoughts or knowledge of predecessors in some way in his own scientific research career, or accept or resist [n].
(5) individual accumulation. Including the accumulation of personal experience of scientific researchers, such as participating in high-level scientific research and academic exchange activities, dealing with cutting-edge scientists, and the inheritance of personal family knowledge genes and family education, which, to a certain extent, constitutes the "talent" of scientists with original contributions, which is reflected in their subtle inheritance of predecessors' values, academic attitudes, research methods and thinking habits? . In order to support and encourage basic research to step onto the right track, and restrain impetuous and quick success in innovation research, the science and technology policy and corresponding system of innovation research should conform to the characteristics and requirements of basic research.
(1) funding problem. Funding is an important part of basic research. Only when the funds are sufficient and the investment is in a sustained and stable state can we truly achieve the purpose of enhancing the driving force of innovation, increasing the technical reserve and improving the competitiveness. According to the international competitiveness report in 2000, American basic research funds accounted for R&: D Total cost 16%. Among OECD countries, French, Australian and Swiss are all above 22%, while China is only 5.3%.
(2) Income distribution system and policies and measures to encourage the growth of innovative talents. It is very important to give innovators due treatment and support them to do things that they can't do at present, but in the long run. It is unrealistic to create a persistent environment for innovators and expect an innovator to maintain his enthusiasm for knowledge innovation and technological innovation for a long time because of his persistent pursuit of science and accepting low income. It is necessary to establish an income distribution system consistent with innovative activities. For those who engage in basic research, the reward is calculated by evaluating the quality and quantity of their papers. Personnel engaged in applied basic research shall be directly measured according to a certain proportion of the economic benefits generated by R&D achievements, and the share ratio of scientific and technological personnel shall not be less than 2/3 of the technical shares. Moreover, innovators who have made outstanding contributions should be particularly inclined in the distribution of benefits. In the evaluation of professional titles, we should pay attention to the quality of achievements. For example, the main form of basic research results is to publish papers in authoritative journals, which are cited many times and recognized by the international scientific and technological community; The main manifestations of applied basic research results are invention patents, technical secrets and licenses and their economic benefits. We should put an end to winning by quantity and seniority, and create conditions for the growth of innovative talents.
(3) Project review and achievement evaluation system. Project evaluation should give priority to scientific frontiers, large-scale scientific research and interdisciplinary fields that are of strategic significance to the development of science itself and national goals, according to domestic advantages and characteristics, international scientific frontiers, national development goals, and input capacity of scientific resources, so as to promote the free exploration of small-scale scientific research (including non-knowledge projects) and the transformation of traditional disciplines, realize the optimal allocation of scientific resources and reasonable adjustment of discipline layout, and strengthen the function and role of basic research in serving national economic and social development goals. In this process, we should pay special attention to discovering, cultivating and stabilizing top-notch young talents so that they can stand out as soon as possible. The achievement evaluation system should distinguish the characteristics and objectives of scientific research.
Basic research explores natural phenomena, and its results have the characteristics of time lag. When evaluating, we should pay attention to its influence on the scientific community, usually referring to its contribution to the development of the discipline. The achievements of applied basic research include major technological innovations, major inventions of experimental methods and instruments, etc. , with application prospects, often depends on the economic benefits. However, it should be noted that the influence of science and technology spans time and space, and its growth trend, whether macro-economy or micro-economy, often depends on many variables, such as market conditions, labor saving, raw material price fluctuations and so on. In addition, the evaluation of the two should also consider the training of young scientists, the contribution to the development of scientific research organizations and systems, whether they effectively serve the national interests and so on. Whether the original innovation is successful also has its unique research skills and methods. According to the results of investigation and retrieval, we summarized the following rules:
(1) Be good at finding the contradiction between existing theory and practice, and dare to challenge traditional theory;
(2) Creative experiments and keen observation of experimental facts;
(3) Frontier and cross-cutting research based on good science;
(4) Scientific arrangement and excavation of existing knowledge;
(five) major scientific discoveries are directly used in the technical field;
(6) The application of theoretical results forms a brand-new technical principle, and research is carried out on this basis;
(seven) the use of special instruments (equipment) to explore natural phenomena or test theoretical predictions;
(8) Applying a number of basic research theories to solve difficult problems in major technological innovation;
(9) Using data and computer means to create the realization conditions of past technical principles. In the process of investigation, we deeply realized that after meeting the material needs of primitive people, the greatest motivation for scientific research and innovation comes from interest. Only when they are full of interest, the original staff will dive down to collect, study and analyze data and information, and understand the frontier of subject development, and then they will tirelessly repeat the experiment, even if they fail repeatedly. Sometimes, a strong interest will make the original creator endure hardships unimaginable to ordinary people.