Question 1: How to Cultivation of Chayote. The method of growing chayote is as follows:
1. Land preparation: Choose a courtyard or field with a scaffolding position, ventilation and light transmission, and deep soil. Block, apply enough base fertilizer, plow deeply and level it.
2. Seedling cultivation: From around New Year's Day to the Spring Festival, melon seeds should be covered with mulch to raise seedlings. Cover the soil with 2-3 cm. At this time, the soil's field water capacity is maintained at about 60-70%. If it is too wet, the melon seeds will easily rot. During the seedling raising period, it is advisable to water the leaves so that they do not wither, and make sure they see sunlight every day to ensure photosynthesis and normal growth. During the seedling and early growth period, if there are too many buds or roots, they should be removed in time. Generally, 2-3 main vines should be retained to ensure that the buds are strong after climbing, which is conducive to fruit setting.
3. Transplantation: At the end of the final frost, the melon seedlings can be planted in the intact plot, and a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be applied at the same time to promote the growth of the seedlings.
4. Fertilizer and water management: The soil needs to be warm and moist after transplantation. Avoid watering too much to avoid affecting plant growth. Later, as temperatures rise, growth accelerates. When the temperature reaches 20℃, it enters the peak period and the water demand increases. In addition to natural precipitation, water should be watered in time. In order to reduce water evaporation, crushed rice straw, wheat straw, etc. can be covered around the plants to protect moisture. During the growth period, topdress 2-3 times. The first time is before the chayote is flourishing for a long time. Topdress with organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer. Make a circular ditch 30-40 cm away from the plant. The second time should be before and after the end of the flood season, and apply organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, plant ash, etc. to the plant 60-70 cm away. When the temperature drops to 20°C, another top-dressing fertilizer can be applied according to the growth situation before budding to facilitate the formation and growth of later fruits.
5. Harvesting and storage: Chayote is usually ready for consumption 15 days after it blooms and is fertilized. When the temperature stabilizes over 15°C, chayote stops growing and enters the harvesting period, with the first frost. The harvest must be completed beforehand. When harvesting, handle them with care and wrap them one by one with paper. When the temperature drops to about 12°C, put them into plastic bags, cartons or other containers, and move them indoors for storage. Generally, in an environment below 10℃, it is suitable to avoid freezing damage. It can be placed until next year's May Day and can be used as needed.
Question 2: How to grow chayote? Requirements for environmental conditions Chayote likes a warm climate with evenly distributed rain, and is intolerant of high temperatures and severe cold. Stems and leaves will suffer freezing damage at 0℃, and all stems and leaves will freeze to death at -3~-5℃. Growth is slow at 10°C, and optimal at 20-25°C. When the monthly average temperature is around 20°C, the daily stem and vine growth is only 2-3cm, while when 25°C and above, the daily stem and vine growth reaches 15-20cm. But too high a temperature is also detrimental. When it is above 35℃, the growth of chayote
will be significantly inhibited. The suitable temperature for flowering and fruiting is 15-20℃. Lower than 15℃ or higher than 25℃ will affect flowering and pollination, reduce the fruit setting rate, and also affect the development of melons. When below 5℃, the melon stops enlarging. It has a large demand for water, especially in the high temperature season from July to August. It is necessary to maintain a high humidity in the air and soil. Otherwise, the vines will stop growing and the leaves will turn yellow. When the soil moisture is insufficient during the flowering and fruiting period, there will be less flowering, more flower drop, low fruit setting rate, and small melons. Chayote is a short-day crop. After a certain amount of vegetative growth, it begins reproductive growth under short-day conditions in autumn. The monthly average temperature is around 22°C and the monthly sunshine hours are 170 hours, which is suitable for chayote flowering and fruiting requirements. Therefore, in the south, it is suitable for planting in cool climate mountainous areas. The soil requirements are not strict, and neutral sandy soil, loam, and clay loam with deep, loose, well-drained soil, rich in organic matter, and good permeability are most suitable for growing chayote. Regarding fertilizer requirements, nitrogen should not be too much to avoid excessive growth of stems and leaves and few fruits. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied heavily in the middle and later stages. Chayote has a wide adaptability and can be planted in any vacant land in front of or behind the house, at the foot of a mountain, beside a canal, next to a pig or cattle pen, etc. It has high and stable yields.
Edit this paragraph’s cultivation techniques
1. Selection and overwintering storage of melons
The melons should be fat, weigh about 500g, and have a smooth and thin skin. , waxy, slightly yellow, unobvious fuzz, slightly protruding buds, no scars or damage, fully mature melons are used as seed melons.
The sown melons should be stored indoors at 5°C to 7°C in late November. The specific method is to use a basket filled with sand for storage, that is, use a basket filled with a layer of sand and a layer of melons. Leave no gaps, just cover the top of the basket with 10cm to 15cm of sand. If the quantity is large, a sand pool can be built indoors for storage. Special attention should be paid to several points during the entire storage period: ① Do not water the plants from beginning to end, even if the surface is wrinkled. ② Must be used for sand storage cover, farmyard manure and pastoral soil storage cover cannot be used. ③If there is no dry sand, it can be covered with dry coal ash storage.
2. Seedling cultivation
Chayote can only be cultivated as an annual in temperate areas, and the whole melon must be sown to raise seedlings. In the south, chayote is stored in cellars. The seedlings will naturally emerge around the Qingming Festival the following year, and then the melons with good seedlings will be selected for direct sowing. In the north, in order to cultivate large and strong seedlings and improve the resistance of the seedlings, indoor germination needs to be carried out as early as possible and in a timely manner. Germination time: Take out the melons in late January of the following year, wrap them one by one in plastic bags, and move them to a greenhouse or hot kang for germination at a temperature of 15 to 20°C. The germination temperature should not be too high. If the temperature is too high, the buds will germinate quickly, but the buds will be thin and not strong. Properly lower the germination temperature, and the buds will be thick, short and strong. In about half a month, the top of the melon will crack and grow young roots. When the melon sprouts, seedlings will be raised. For small quantities, use large nutrient bags or flower pots to cultivate them in a greenhouse, and for large quantities, use simple protected areas. The nutritious soil is prepared by mixing half and half of sandy soil with good ventilation and vegetable garden soil. The sprouting end of the melons should be facing up and the handles should be facing down. The soil should be covered with 4 to 6cm of soil. The soil moisture should be such that it forms a ball when held in the hand and falls apart when it lands. No standing water. During the seedling cultivation period, it is advisable to leave 2 to 3 melon vine shoots. Many but weak buds should be removed in time. Leave 4 to 5 leaves to pinch the overgrown melon vines to control excessive growth and promote side buds. During the seedling cultivation period, the temperature should be maintained at 20 to 25°C, and good ventilation and lighting conditions should also be maintained.
Chayote (14 photos) Chayote is sown as a whole melon, which requires a large amount of melons to be planted and the cost is high. In order to reduce the amount of melons used and expand the reproduction coefficient, the Vegetable Research Institute of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences successfully used stem cuttings to raise seedlings. The specific method is: grow the melon seedlings in advance to develop strong seedlings and vines for cutting into sections. In places with greenhouses, seedlings can be raised from November to December. Extending the seedling period can make the seedlings sprout more and stronger branches. Cut the seedlings and vines in early or mid-March, with each section containing 2 to 3 nodes. Soak the cut stems in 500 ppm naphthalene acetic acid solution for 5 to 10 minutes, then take them out and insert them into seedling nutrient soil or light substrates such as vermiculite, perlite, and sifted slag to keep them warm and moisturized to promote rooting. According to tests, the survival rate of cuttings using this method is over 80%.
3. Planting
Chayote can be planted after frost breaks. Greenhouse cultivation can be done in 3... >>
Question 3: How to save chayote seeds? The management technology of chayote seed saving is basically similar to its non-seed saving management technology, but the following should be noted. Questions:
1. Suitable planting area and suitable sowing period. By using protected land seedlings and open field cultivation, the suitable cultivation area of ??chayote has expanded from the south of the Yangtze River to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The northern limit of chayote cultivation is in Shandong Province. The appropriate sowing period is early January. The best time to plant in greenhouses is early March, and the best time to plant in open fields is early April. It blooms in early to mid-September and starts harvesting in early to mid-October. The reproductive period is 270 to 290 days. The minimum temperature during the growth period shall not be lower than 5℃.
2. Reserve seeds. For chayotes that are to be left as seeds, they should be listed and not picked. Let the fruits mature normally and pick them before frost. After picking, they should be wrapped in cotton wool to protect them from freezing damage in winter. It is best to store the fruit in a greenhouse above 10℃.
3. Germination. Germination should be carried out in December. If it is too late, the growth period will be insufficient. The relative air humidity is maintained at 90% during germination. If the humidity is insufficient, the buds will dry out and shrink. Then the melons are wrapped in plastic film and placed at a temperature of 15 to 20°C for germination. During the germination period, open the film every day for ventilation. Sowing can be done when the buds grow to 2 to 3 cm.
4. Seedling cultivation. To raise seedlings, you need to use a container or a large plastic bag with prepared nutrient soil inside the bag. The nutrient soil should be kept moist before sowing. The melons can be placed flat or with the buds facing up. One melon per pot or bag can be planted, covered with soil 4 to 5 cm thick, and placed in a greenhouse or solar greenhouse.
Question 4: How to plant chayote seedlings? Generally, they are transplanted and planted in early to mid-March, and planted in a cultivation hole with an even length and width of one meter.
Before planting, you must apply more decomposed organic fertilizer to the soil. Apply 30kg of organic fertilizer and 5kg of potassium chloride to a planting hole. Pay attention to apply it deeply, and cover it with a 20cm thick soil layer. Cover with soil and water after planting.
Summer growth: After the chayote vines are put on the vines, a rectangular scaffolding should be set up to guide the vines to the shelves. Just boil 3-5 main vines. After the main vines are put on the shelves, they should be torn in time to promote the growth of the sub-vines. To grow sunvines, like all melons, you need to remove tendrils; water lightly in spring, heavily in summer to keep the ground moist, and control watering in autumn; chayote likes fertilizer, so topdress fertilizers at least three times, one after another on the vines. Later, the flowering and melon setting period and the melon blooming period.
Autumn harvest: It takes about 80 days from sowing to flowering of chayote. It takes about 20 days after the female flowers bloom. When the weight of the melon reaches 250-500g, the tender melon can be harvested. It must be picked in time, usually around 10 days. In one harvest, 300-500 melons can be produced as long as the soil is fertile enough.
Question 5: The growth habits of chayote cultivation are warm, heat-tolerant, and cold-intolerant. The suitable temperature for growth is 12~25℃, and growth will be inhibited if it exceeds 30℃. The extreme high temperature is 40℃, and cold damage will occur if it is below 5℃. It is suitable for medium light intensity and can tolerate shade. It requires moist air; suitable for It grows on fertile soil with strong fertilizer and water retention capacity. 1. The green-skinned species has strong growth potential, thick and long vines, many fruits, high yield, and can produce root tubers. The melon is long and large, with hard spines and dark green skin. The quality is slightly inferior. 2. The growth potential of the white-skinned species is weak, the vines are tired and short, the results are less, and the yield is lower. The melon shape is round and small, smooth and smooth, and rich in white. The structure is dense and the quality is better. It is cultivated in Yunnan, Xiangjiang and other provinces. The above two are chayote varieties grown in the south. 3. The Guling Hezhang melon plant grows climbingly, with strong branching, palmate pentagonal leaves, and female flowers on each node of the main and side vines. The melon is pear-shaped, with green skin, smooth and shiny, no thorns, dense meat and good quality. Medium ripe, strong disease resistance. The weight of a single fruit is 200 grams, and the yield per plant is 70 kilograms. 4. The white-skinned chayote plant grows climbing and has strong branching. The first female flower is born on the ninth leaf node of the main vine. The melon is flat and pear-shaped, with light green skin. The mature melon is white-green, with irregular ridges and no stinging hairs. The meat is dense and crispy, contains less water, and is of good quality. Single fruit weighs 250 grams. The yield per mu is 3000-3500 kilograms. The above two species are grown in Fujian Province. Method of setting the value: Chayote can be planted after frost breaks. Greenhouse cultivation can be carried out in early or mid-March, while open field cultivation can be carried out in mid-April. When planting, the hole should be large and deep, about 1m square and 1m deep. Fill 1/3 of the hole with the excavated soil, apply 200 to 250kg of decomposed and high-quality fertilizer to each hole, and mix it thoroughly with the hole soil, then cover it with 20cm of soil and stamp it firmly with your feet. When planting, remove the seedling pot or plastic bag, bring soil into the hole, make the soil flush with the ground, and then bury the soil. Water after planting to encourage seedling growth. Planting density: if melon seedlings are used to raise seedlings or large seedlings are planted, 20 to 30 trees can be planted per 667 square meters. For cultivation of seedlings cut into sections, the density can be appropriately increased, with row spacing of 3m to 4m, plant spacing of 2m, and 80 to 120 plants per 667 square meters. Chayote with trellising and pruning has strong fecundity and climbing ability, grows rapidly, has dense leaves and vines, and shades each other. If it is left to grow, it is most likely to wither, flower and fruit drop. Therefore, when the melon vines grow to about 40cm, local materials must be used according to local conditions, and bamboo poles, ropes and other objects can be used to let the tendrils of the chayote wrap around its leaf vines for climbing frames, trees, and walls. Chayote has strong lateral branch branching ability, and one lateral bud can sprout in each leaf axil. From the time of planting to the vigorous growth stage of the plant, the above-ground stems elongate slowly, and the lateral branches at the base of the stems divide quickly and easily form clusters, which affects the spread and shelf growth of the stems. Therefore, in the early stage, the lateral buds at the base of the stem should be wiped out in time, and only 2 to 3 vines should be retained per plant. After putting it on the shelf, no longer cut side branches and allow them to grow, but attention should be paid to adjusting the extension direction of the stems and vines to make them evenly distributed, ventilated and light-transmissive. (1) Within one month after planting, the seedlings should be covered and warmed to promote growth and development. During this period, no top dressing is required, only light watering. (2) During the period of rapid root development, more plowing is required to loosen the soil to promote root development and lay the foundation for vigorous plant growth after autumn. Water frequently during the summer period to keep the soil moist and increase air humidity so that chayote can safely survive the summer. (3) In autumn, the growth of the above-ground part of the plant obviously accelerates and enters the vigorous growth period. Fertilizer and water are required to make the above-ground part of the plant grow rapidly and develop multiple side branches, laying a material foundation for more flowers and fruits.
(4) During the flowering and fruiting period, the daily transpiration is large and sufficient water and fertilizer are needed. The water is suitable to keep the soil moist. You can spray nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the leaves 2 to 3 times, or apply decomposed human and animal manure.
Question 6: When to plant chayote, and the planting time of chayote. Chayote must be cultivated and transplanted in the north, because the germination rate of sown melons is only 60%--80%. In order to preserve the seedlings, it is not suitable to be sown. It is also necessary to urge the buds to sprout before sowing. There are three methods of seedling raising: melon seedling raising, light embryo seedling raising and cutting seedling raising. 1. Cultivation of seedlings 1.1. Cultivation of seedlings by planting melons Chayote is a veritable vegetable that “reproduces by sowing melons”. Growing melons and raising seedlings means planting melons. Choose a large and undamaged melon, use a knife to open the joint at the first end, put it into a 25 cm The root system grows from the joint at the head end, and the seeds can be sown after the cotyledons are opened. The melons can also be spread under river sand and covered with a 2-3cm cover to encourage germination. Mix 50% fertile soil and 50% fine sand evenly, add water, set the temperature to a temperature that does not stick to your hands, put it into a film tube or flower pot with a diameter of 20-30 cm and a height of 20 cm, and put the sprouted melon buds facing up. , plant them upright or diagonally, cover them with 4-6 cm of soil, and place them in a greenhouse to raise seedlings. Strictly control the water content during the seedling raising process to prevent rotten melons. Do not water as long as the leaves are not wilting. 1.2 Light-embryo seedlings use fully mature melons. After germination, when the embryos protrude out of the melon and break away from the placenta along with the cotyledons, the melons are cut open and the embryos are taken out for seedling cultivation. This is called light-embryo seedlings. This is the same as peanuts can still germinate normally after removing their kernels and hulls. The germination rate of seedlings with light embryos is high, and the melons can still be eaten after removing the embryo seeds. When a small number of fine roots have grown on the hypocotyl, it is the best time to remove the embryo. When taking out the embryo, hold the seed melon in one hand and a knife in the other, and cut upward and downward along the suture line. Use the hand holding the melon to insert your thumb into the knife edge, slowly spread it 1.50--2 cm to both sides, and use grafting Gently push the cotyledons with the other end of the knife to completely separate them from the melon body, then take out the complete embryo and grow the seedlings immediately. Use a film tube with a diameter of 12 cm and a height of 20 cm, and fill it with 30% to 40% of nutrient soil. Take out the bare embryo and plant it into the tube, then fill it with nutrient soil to about 3 cm above the cotyledons, and place it in the greenhouse for seedling cultivation. Before emergence, the temperature should be controlled at 15-20℃, the soil moisture should be controlled at a relative humidity of 70%-80%, and the light should be sufficient. 1.3 Cultivation of cutting seedlings. Plant melons or bare embryo seedlings in the greenhouse in advance. When the seedlings are 5-6 cm high, add fertilizer and water to promote growth and cultivate them into strong seedlings with multiple side branches. Cut the seedlings in early to mid-March. Cut the vines, cut into sections at 2-3 sections, keep the new shoots in the uppermost section, remove the lower leaves, dip them in 500 mg/kg naphthalene acetic acid solution for 5-10 minutes, insert them on the bed or in a container, and pour enough water. Keep at 15--20℃, use black film to block light. After 7 days, remove the shade and allow normal sunlight to keep the soil moist. When new leaves appear, the roots have begun to grow. The survival rate is generally 75% - 80%, but the cutting seedlings are weak and need to be topdressed outside the roots. Spray a mixture of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.20% once every 10 days. 2. Planting 2.1 Prepare the land and apply base fertilizer at the front and bottom of the solar greenhouse. Dig a pit at a distance of about 7 meters. The length, width and depth of the pit are each 1 meter. Apply 500-1000 kilograms of organic fertilizer to each pit. Apply 5 kilograms of fertilizer in layers, mix it with the soil, and irrigate thoroughly. 2.2 Planting period, method and density. Plant chayote before or after planting vegetables in early spring in the solar greenhouse. Dig a planting hole in the center of the pit, plant a chayote seedling, water enough for planting, and seal the hole after the water seeps down. Plant 11-15 seedlings per acre of sunlight in the greenhouse. 3 Management after transplantation 3.1 When the plant is about 40 cm high, pinch the top to promote the occurrence of side branches. Chayote can produce lateral vines at each section. The vines that grow from the main vine are called sub-vines. Choose to leave 2-3 strong sub-vines. When the sub-vines grow to 1 meter long, then pick them. Select the grandson of each sub-vine. vines, and the rest of the sprouts are removed in time. Without erecting the main vines before the main crops are planted, guide the main vines, sub-vines and grand vines to the arch pole in front of the greenhouse and tie them with plastic ropes. After the main crops are harvested, the film scaffolding is removed and erected along the curvature of the front roof. Each bergamot plant should maintain a shelf area of ??more than 50 square meters. After the melon vines are put on the shelf, adjust their positions promptly and distribute them evenly on the shelf to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. Remove the tendrils in time and guide the drooping branches and vines to the shelf in time. 3.2 During the growth stage with the main plant, no watering is required to promote deep root penetration.
After the end of the previous crop, chayote has grown in the open field and has entered the high-temperature season. It grows rapidly and requires large amounts of water. It must be watered frequently. It is best to cover the rhizosphere with 10-20 cm of straw or wheat straw to reduce the number of irrigations. Plant growth accelerates significantly after autumn, but vegetative growth is still dominant. Entering the flowering and fruiting period, especially about 10 days after flowering and pollination, the fruits... >>
Question 7: Should chayote be planted head-up or head-down? The main thing is This is to allow the mother's nutrients to fully supply new life during germination to help it grow rapidly.
Question 8: Do you need to water the whole chayote after planting? Chayote can only be cultivated as an annual in temperate areas, and the whole melon must be sown and raised. In the south, chayote is stored in cellars. The seedlings will naturally emerge around the Qingming Festival the following year, and then the melons with good seedlings will be selected for direct sowing. In the north, in order to cultivate large and strong seedlings and improve the resistance of the seedlings, indoor germination needs to be carried out as early as possible and in a timely manner. The germination time is to take out the melon seeds in late January of the following year.
Question 9: When to plant chayote? This is the temperature condition required for the growth of chayote.
Temperature. Chayote is native to tropical areas. It likes temperature, is heat-tolerant, and is not cold-tolerant. The initial temperature for germination is 12℃, and the optimum temperature is 18~25℃. The suitable temperature for seedling growth is 20 to 30°C. When it is higher than 30°C, plant growth is significantly inhibited. But it can tolerate high temperatures above 40°C and can survive the summer safely. When the temperature is lower than 5℃, the plants will be damaged and die. The suitable temperature for storing melons is 8 to 10°C.
In Shandong Province, seeds are sown in solar greenhouses from late December to early January of the following year. Generally, seeds are sown in ceramic flower pots or plastic nutrient bowls with a diameter of 15 to 20 cm. Fill the nutrient bowl with nutrient soil, water it until it is moist, and then place the sprouted melon with its handle end down and the melon buds upward, or place it flat in the bowl and cover it with 2 to 3 cm of soil.
You can choose the planting time according to your local climate conditions.