Although the junior nurse exam in 222 has ended, some areas where the exam has been postponed have not yet started to make up the exam, so all the friends who are about to take the make-up exam should take the time to review. Let's take a look at this collection of knowledge points in the 222 junior nurse exam "Professional Practical Ability" with me!
1. Preface of prescription includes: name of medical institution, outpatient or inpatient medical record number, prescription number, department or ward and bed number, fee, patient's name, gender, age, clinical diagnosis, date of issuance, etc., and items required by specialties can be added.
2. The paper used for prescription printing of narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs of the first category is light red, and the upper right corner is marked with "Ma and Jing Yi".
3. Outpatient pharmacies can distribute medicines in a large window or over the counter, while inpatient pharmacies can distribute medicines in a single dose. Outpatient medicine distribution methods are generally independent method, running water method and combined method, and ward medicine distribution methods include prescription distribution, small medicine cabinet and medicine placement system.
4. Drugs that need special management, such as narcotic drugs, need special personnel to be responsible, the counter should be locked, and special account books, special prescriptions and books should be registered.
5. Adding the amino acid solution to the glucose solution, and then adding the fat emulsion after confirming that no precipitate is generated, is the key process for preparing a uniform and delicate parenteral nutrient solution.
6. Parenteral nutrition (TPN) is now available. 24 hours, no more than 48 hours. If it is not used immediately, the mixture should be stored in the refrigerator at 4℃.
7. Explosives and highly toxic substances must be kept in a special warehouse, and the management of "five pairs" shall be implemented, that is, two people shall keep them, two people shall keep them in double locks, two people shall send and receive them, two people shall receive them, and two books shall be kept.
8. Wearable drugs include atropine sulfate, codeine phosphate, magnesium sulfate and caffeine.
Necessary test sites 9. Pharmaceutical water contained in China Pharmacopoeia includes drinking water, purified water, water for injection and sterilized water for injection. Among them, purified water refers to pharmaceutical water made from raw water by distillation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis or other suitable methods, and does not contain any additives.
1. When the mixture contains drugs that are easy to be oxidized and deteriorated, an appropriate amount of antioxidants (sodium thiosulfate, sodium pyrosulfite and sodium sulfite) and preservatives can be added as appropriate.
11. The six steps of drug consultation service are: defining questions, classifying questions, obtaining additional information, consulting literature, answering questions and following up consultants.
12. The transdermal therapeutic system mainly enters the blood system through the skin to play a role and avoid the adverse reactions caused by oral medication.
13. If serious and dangerous adverse reactions occur after taking the medicine, you should see a doctor in time. For example: constipation lasts for more than 3 days; When blood pressure rises, it will cause dizziness, headache or blurred vision, tinnitus and frequent nosebleeds; In any case, if there is any eye disease after taking the medicine, you must contact your doctor.
14. Drugs whose poisoning symptoms are easily confused with the symptoms of the disease itself, such as convulsions caused by phenytoin sodium poisoning, are not easy to distinguish from convulsions caused by seizures; When using digoxin and procainamide to control arrhythmia, overdose can also cause arrhythmia, which is also difficult to distinguish.
15. Drug factors: Biological characteristics of drugs, physical and chemical properties of drugs, dosage forms, routes of administration, interactions between drugs and other factors will all affect the effectiveness of drug treatment; Body factors: the patient's age, weight, sex, mental factors, pathological status, time factors and so on can have an important impact on the drug treatment effect.
16. The combination of statins and fibrates leads to rhabdomyolysis.
17. Atropine can inhibit gland secretion, prevent secretions from blocking the respiratory tract and causing aspiration pneumonia, and can be used for administration before anesthesia.
High-frequency test sites 18. Advantages of the centralized monitoring system: The results are more reliable than those of the voluntary reporting system, and the rate of missing reports is lower. It can be used to calculate the incidence of ADR and conduct epidemiological research. Disadvantages: high cost, much manpower and material resources, limited monitoring scope, weak representativeness and big difference in results.
19. A drug can enhance the sensitivity of tissues or receptors to another drug, which is called sensitization. For example, hydrochlorothiazide, a potassium-expelling diuretic, can reduce the blood potassium concentration, make the heart more sensitive to cardiac glycosides, and is prone to arrhythmia.
2. In principle, the elderly not only use the least amount of drugs for treatment, but also start treatment with the lowest effective dose, or gradually increase from a small dose to find the most suitable dose, generally using 1/2 to 2/3 or 3/4 of that of adults, and it is better to individualize the dose
21. When the elderly use fat-soluble drugs, the fat content increases, the half-life is prolonged and the blood drug concentration is reduced.
22. During pregnancy, gastric acid secretion is reduced, gastrointestinal activity is weakened, which reduces the absorption of oral drugs and delays the peak time, so the bioavailability is reduced.
23. When choosing antibiotics for patients with nephropathy, erythromycin, penicillin and cephalosporins can be selected (especially the third generation cephalosporins have less nephrotoxicity). Aminoglycoside antibiotics are nephrotoxic and should not be selected.
24. Calcium antagonists can relieve angina pectoris by improving coronary blood flow and reducing myocardial oxygen consumption. Calcium antagonists are first-line drugs for variant angina pectoris or angina pectoris with coronary artery spasm as the main factor.
25. angiotensin ⅱ receptor antagonist: xsartan.
26. Verapamil is the first choice for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
27. Patients with heart failure are accompanied by atrial tachycardia. Amiodarone can be considered as the first choice for the treatment of atrial tachycardia.
28. Carbamazepine, sodium valproate, oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine belong to the first-line drugs used to treat partial seizures of epilepsy.
29. Intravenous diazepam is the first choice for status epilepticus.
3. The common gastrointestinal motility drugs are metoclopramide, mosapride and domperidone.
31. The main representative drugs of biguanides are metformin and phenformin. Pharmacological effects: Inhibit liver glycogen heterogenesis (fat and protein change into glucose), reduce liver glycogen output from cells to blood, increase tissue sensitivity to insulin, and increase insulin-mediated glucose utilization.
32. The commonly used drugs for gout are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin and sodium salicylate are prohibited) and colchicine. If the above two kinds of drugs are ineffective or unsuitable, glucocorticoid can be considered.
33. oral preparation is the first choice for iron deficiency anemia, and ferrous preparation is the first choice because of its high iron absorption. Ferrous succinate is an oral ferrous preparation, and iron dextran and iron sorbitol are ferric preparations.
34. In view of the obvious toxic and side effects of some anti-tumor drugs, which can cause harm to human body, the application of anti-tumor drugs should be cautious and reasonable, and the following basic principles should be followed: ① weigh the advantages and disadvantages to maximize benefits; ② Clear purpose and orderly treatment; ③ Doctor-patient communication and informed consent; ④ The treatment is moderate, standardized and reasonable; ⑤ Familiarity with the disease varies from person to person; ⑥ Adverse reactions should be handled with caution; ⑦ Clinical trials are actively encouraged.
35. Treatment principles and drug treatment of nitrite poisoning: giving large doses of vitamin C. As a reducing agent, vitamin C can promote the reduction of high hemoglobin to normal hemoglobin. It is best to use it together with methylene blue.
36. A primary document is an original document, which refers to a document that directly records the theories, experimental results, observed new discoveries and creative achievements initiated by researchers. The most common ones are papers published in journals and reports read by academic conferences. The secondary literature is a further processing product formed by screening, compressing and organizing the dispersed primary literature. The secondary literature is a tool to manage, search and utilize the primary literature, and it does not contain the detailed information needed by users. The literature retrieval tools in the form of catalogue, index, abstract and title record are secondary documents; Three documents refer to monographs, reviews, reviews, progress reports, data manuals, yearbooks, guides, encyclopedias and textbooks written by summarizing and synthesizing the contents of the first document on the basis of rational utilization of the first and second documents.
37. Propylthiouracil inhibits thyroid function in infants; Chloramphenicol can cause neonatal bone marrow suppression; Phenytoin can cause nystagmus in infants; Bromocriptine inhibits milk secretion; Aspirin affects platelet function in infants.
38. The dosage of narcotic injection prescribed for patients with cancer pain and chronic moderate or severe non-cancer pain shall not exceed 3 days, and the dosage of sustained and controlled release preparation shall not exceed 15 days.
39. The packaging containers of toxic drugs for medical use must be labeled with the prescribed poison: the word "poison" in white on a black background.
4. Four checks: investigate the prescription, check the drugs, check the incompatibility, and check the rationality of drug use.
41. The general prescription shall not exceed 7 days, and the emergency prescription shall not exceed 3 days.
42. change of solvent composition of injection: some injections contain non-aqueous solvents, in order to make the drug dissolve or the preparation stable. If these drugs are added to the aqueous solution, the drugs will precipitate due to the change of solvent properties, such as chloramphenicol injection (containing ethanol, glycerol, etc.) added to 5% glucose injection or sodium chloride injection, chloramphenicol precipitate can be precipitated.
43. The amount of poison or precious medicine is generally small, so it is suitable to grind and mix with a glass mortar to avoid waste or injury.
44. The diazotization-coupling reaction is mainly suitable for the identification of drugs with aromatic primary amino groups or aromatic primary amino groups generated after hydrolysis.
45. Sustained-release tablets and controlled-release tablets must be swallowed as a whole, and cannot be chewed or broken, otherwise the sustained-release or controlled-release effect will be lost.
46. General principles of drug therapy: effectiveness, safety, economy and standardization.
47. Oral administration is the first choice for children.
48. antihypertensive drugs need long-term or lifelong application.
49. propylthiouracil is the first choice for hyperthyroidism in pregnant women.
5. sealing: refers to sealing the container to prevent dust and foreign objects from entering.
sealing: refers to sealing the container to prevent weathering, moisture absorption, volatilization or foreign matter from entering.
fusion sealing or tight sealing: refers to the fusion sealing or tight sealing of containers with suitable materials to prevent the invasion of air and moisture and pollution.
shady place: refers to the temperature not exceeding 2℃.
cool and dark place: it means to avoid light and the temperature does not exceed 2℃.
cold place: refers to the temperature of 2 ~ 1℃.
The characteristics and contents of the examination for primary nursing teachers:
The characteristics of the examination for nursing teachers: First, the examination contents lay particular stress on internal medicine nursing, surgical nursing and basic nursing, and we should focus on mastering these three courses; Second, the proposition tends to be clinical, paying more attention to the combination of specific knowledge points and clinical cases.
The examination for primary nursing teachers is divided into four subjects: basic knowledge, professional knowledge, relevant professional knowledge and professional practical ability. Some contents involved in each subject are as follows:
(1) Basic knowledge: the causes and pathogenesis of common clinical diseases and frequently-occurring diseases.
(2) Professional knowledge: clinical manifestations of common and frequently-occurring diseases, nursing problems and nursing measures.
(3) Relevant professional knowledge: auxiliary examination and treatment points of clinical common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases.
(4) Professional practical ability: related theories and operation techniques of nursing.