epidemic characteristics
sick dogs can occur all year round regardless of breed, age and sex, but the morbidity and mortality of puppies who have just been weaned to less than one year old are higher. Sick dogs and dogs with poison are the sources of infection of this disease, which pollute the surrounding environment through secretions and excretions. In particular, dogs with virus recovered from illness can excrete virus from urine within 6-9 months and become the main source of infection of the disease. Mainly through digestive tract infection, but also through placenta infection.
Clinical symptoms
The symptoms of this disease are complicated, and the severity of its symptoms is related to the degree of infection and the damage of infected organs. The incubation period is 4-9 days. High fever is missed, showing obvious biphasic fever type, and the number of white blood cells is reduced; There are serous secretions in conjunctiva and nose; Abdominal pain, subcutaneous edema and tonsillar enlargement are common symptoms. Generally, there are no respiratory symptoms, and severe cases may have neurological symptoms in the late stage. Coagulation time is prolonged, and it is difficult to control after bleeding. Extensive intravascular coagulation is the key to the disease.
Corneal opacification can appear in sick dogs during the recovery period, forming blue-white pannus, commonly known as "blue eye disease", which often disappears naturally.
Pathological changes
The liver is swollen or normal, and the color of the liver is changed by hepatocyte necrosis; The gallbladder wall is thickened due to edema;
thymus edema; There are gray necrosis foci in renal cortex; Due to the damage of endothelial cells, gastric serosa, subcutaneous tissue, lymph nodes, thymus and liver bleed.
differential diagnosis
(1) canine infectious hepatitis and canine distemper
both of them have elevated body temperature, two-way fever, diarrhea and neurological symptoms, and both of them have pathological changes such as lymph nodes, thymus and liver bleeding.
difference: cases of canine distemper are more common in puppies aged 2-4 months, and sick dogs have obvious neurological symptoms. Autopsy showed congestion and bleeding of gastrointestinal mucosa, congestion and bleeding of heart, spleen, kidney and lung, and congestion and effusion of meninges.
(2) Both canine infectious hepatitis and canine parvovirus infection
have clinical symptoms such as elevated body temperature, leukopenia and diarrhea.
difference: the cases of canine parvovirus infection are characterized by sudden vomiting, diarrhea, foul feces, blood in the later stage and persistent vomiting. Autopsy showed small intestinal mucosal bleeding, mesenteric lymph nodes swelling, congestion, bleeding, dark red; Non-suppurative necrosis of myocardium or endocardium.
(3) Canine infectious hepatitis and canine salmonellosis
Both of them have clinical symptoms such as depression and elevated body temperature, and both of them have pathological changes such as hepatomegaly and hemorrhage.
difference: the cases with canine salmonellosis have severe vomiting and diarrhea. Gastrointestinal mucosa edema, partial intestinal necrosis, upper duodenal ulcer, mesenteric lymph node swelling and bleeding; Spleen is swollen, and there are bleeding spots (spots) and gray necrosis foci on the surface; Epicarditis and myocarditis with serous or fibrin exudate in the heart.
(4) Both canine infectious hepatitis and canine leptospirosis
have clinical symptoms such as depression, anorexia, vomiting, elevated body temperature, congestion of eyes and oral mucosa, bleeding and so on.
difference: the cases of leptospirosis in dogs can be seen as obvious mucosal jaundice, bloody stool, hematuria (urine is soybean oil-like) and painful muscle reaction.
(5) Infectious hepatitis in dogs and acute hepatitis in dogs
Both of them have clinical symptoms such as elevated body temperature, anorexia, depression, diarrhea, and pain in palpation of liver area.
difference: acute hepatitis in dogs occurs singly, and the voiced area in the liver area is enlarged, and some cases have neurological symptoms, such as excitement, convulsion, coma and even sleepiness. Muscle tremors, itchy skin and yellow staining of visible mucosa. At the beginning of the disease, the urine bilirubin content increased obviously, and the urine urobilinogen content also increased obviously. The bilirubin in serum showed a two-phase reaction.
It is suggested that
sudden onset and prolonged bleeding time are generally suspected to be canine infectious hepatitis, and the diagnosis still depends on specific diagnosis.
preventive measures
(1) prevention
(1) regular immunization with attenuated vaccine and mixed vaccine has a good effect. Pet dogs must do a good job of planned immunization for both females and puppies. Dogs can make the body immune for life after recovery.
② homotypic or heterotypic bivalent or trivalent immune serum or immunoglobulin can be used for emergency prevention, but the protection period is limited to 2 weeks.
(2) Treatment
The treatment principles are antivirus, prevention of secondary infection, symptomatic treatment and supportive therapy.
① Anti-virus
hyperimmune serum, 1-2 mg/kg body weight for dogs, subcutaneous injection or intravenous injection once a day for 3 days;
Radix Isatidis can be taken orally by dogs, one bag each time, three times a day;
ribavirin is injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly in dogs at a dose of 5-7 mg/kg body weight once a day;
Interferon is injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly in dogs at a dosage of 1,-2, units/time, once every two days.
② Antibacterial to prevent secondary infection
Ampicillin, 2-3mg/kg body weight for dogs, 2-3 times a day, or 1-2mg/kg body weight, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection or intravenous drip, 2-3 times a day;
cefazolin sodium, 1-3 mg/kg body weight for dogs, intramuscular injection or intravenous drip, 3-4 times a day;
sumono (amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium suspension) is injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly for dogs and cats at a weight of .1ml/kg, once a day;
compound sulfamethoxazole, 15 mg/kg body weight for dogs, orally or subcutaneously, twice a day.
③ liver protection
Qiangli Ning, 4-8 ml/time for dogs, intravenous drip;
Methionine, 2-4 ml/time for dogs, intramuscular injection;
glucurolactone, oral dose of 5-2mg/time for dogs, three times a day, or intramuscular injection or intravenous drip of 1-2mg/time, once a day;
Inosine, 25-5mg/time for dogs, orally or intramuscularly.
④ prevention of eye diseases
topical eye drops such as atropine and procaine penicillin; Hydrobenzole hydrochloride eye drops, viral keratitis, eye drops, 1-2 times per hour.
⑤ fluid replacement
adenosine triphosphate (ATP), coenzyme A, vitamin C, 5% glucose saline, 5% glucose, etc.