1. Types of safety issues in tourist attractions
“Safety is more important than Mount Tai.” Once problems arise in tourism safety, they may evolve into catastrophic accidents. It can be said that there is no tourism without safety. Safety issues are one of the more prominent issues that affect tourism decision-making and restrict tourism development in current tourism. Safety issues in tourist attractions mainly include natural disasters, man-made disasters, safety accidents, public security management, etc. The protected content includes the safety of tourists’ lives and property and the safety of tourist landscapes.
Zheng Xiangmin (2008) analyzed tourism safety-related literature, relevant reports and survey results, and summarized tourism safety problems into six manifestations from a macro-overall perspective, namely crime, fire, disease (poisoning) ), traffic accidents, natural disasters and other accidents. Various manifestations appear alternately or simultaneously in various aspects of tourism activities, mainly including:
(1) Crime
Due to the seriousness of the trauma and impact on society caused to tourists, Sex and crime have become one of the most eye-catching manifestations of tourism security. Tourism crimes here specifically refer to crimes against tourists. Among the common types of tourism crimes, property crimes account for the vast majority. Among them, theft and fraud are the main forms, with violent crimes accounting for a small proportion and often associated with property crimes.
(2) Fires and explosions
Often cause serious consequences, such as casualties, infrastructure damage, property losses, etc., and even cause disorder of the entire tourist attraction facility system . It mainly includes two aspects. On the one hand, it refers to fires that pose a threat to self-guided tourists, which mainly occur in hotels, entertainment venues and tourist attractions; on the other hand, it refers to fires caused by improper behavior of self-guided tourists.
(3) Traffic accidents
Among all aspects of tourism operations, tourism transportation is one of the links that has the greatest impact on safety issues. Travel accidents are often devastating. According to the mode of transportation, tourist traffic accidents can be divided into:
1. Road traffic accidents
Relevant data show that there are 500,000 traffic accidents in our country every year, more than 100,000 people are killed in traffic accidents, and economic losses reach tens of billions of yuan. In 2007, 327,209 road traffic accidents occurred nationwide, resulting in 81,649 deaths, 380,442 injuries, and direct property losses of 1.2 billion yuan. With the development of highways, serious and serious traffic accidents have increased sharply. In 2007, 5,925 people died in highway accidents nationwide. Road traffic accidents are common and are a huge safety hazard for tourist traffic.
2． Aviation accidents
Compared with other modes of transportation, air transportation is relatively safe; but for civil aviation aircraft, any accident may be catastrophic.
3. Water accidents
Refer to safety accidents that occur in water bodies. They appear with the emergence of cruise ships, bamboo rafts and other water transportation and water tourism projects, including shipwrecks, inland river (lake) safety accidents, etc. Many geological tourist attractions in our country are located on the coast of seas, rivers and lakes, and objectively there are many potential safety hazards for water tourism.
4． Traffic accidents in cable cars and other scenic spots
Although cable car ropeways make tourist attractions more convenient for transportation within the area, they can easily cause a large number of tourists to concentrate in scenic spots with limited capacity, causing safety problems.
(4) Diseases (poisoning)
Travel fatigue, "acclimatization" due to the foreign nature of travel, and objective food hygiene problems may induce tourists' diseases or lead to food poisoning wait.
(5) Natural Disasters
Natural disasters are safety issues in tourism activities caused by uncontrollable natural causes such as weather and floods compared to man-made disasters. They are a common cause of tourism safety. One of the questions. Including natural disasters that threaten human life and damage tourist facilities, other natural factors and phenomena that endanger the health and lives of tourists, and risks caused by tourists' contact with wild animals, plants, insects, etc.
(6) Other safety issues
In addition to the above five manifestations, tourism safety manifestations also include other special and unexpected emergencies.
Such as being scratched or bitten while playing with zoo animals, being crushed or crushed by building collapse, or being trampled by crowds of people.
2. Safety sign system
The safety sign system of tourist attractions refers to the development, utilization and management of scenic spots, so that they can play various functions and roles. Overall planning and specific arrangements. The safety sign system can provide tourists with humanized services and guide them to complete tourism activities smoothly and safely.
(1) Types of safety signs
In tourist distribution centers, main passages, dangerous areas and other areas of geological tourist attractions, a safety sign system must be set up in accordance with the safety sign symbols prescribed by the state. Use to remind tourists to pay attention to safety. Safety signs mainly consist of graphic symbols, safety colors, geometric shapes or text. The international standard GB2894-1996 divides safety signs into four major types.
1. Prohibition signs
Graphic signs used to prohibit unsafe behavior by tourists. There are 23 types of signs including no fireworks, no smoking, no touching, no climbing, no entry, no passing, no crossing, and no tinder. The basic graphic is a circular border with a slash, the ring and slash are red, the graphic symbol is black, and the substrate is white.
2． Warning signs
Graphic signs used to remind visitors to pay attention to the surrounding environment and avoid danger. There are 28 kinds of signs including Pay attention to safety, Watch out for fire, Watch out for cables, Watch out for falling objects, Watch out for landslides, Watch out for slips and Watch out for vehicles, etc. The basic graphic is an equilateral triangle frame, and there are graphics with different connotations within the frame. The frame and graphics are black, and the substrate is yellow.
In addition, according to the provisions of the "Tourist Safety Guarantee Measures", tourism administrative departments at all levels should establish a tourism safety warning information release system. This system was implemented in October 2009 and clearly stipulates the rights and obligations of tourists and tourism product providers: based on the assessment of the tourism safety situation of the tourist destination, the safety of traveling to the destination is announced to tourists. Early warning information, the travel safety status of tourist destinations are marked in red, orange, yellow and blue respectively, corresponding to the release of red, orange, yellow and blue travel warning information to the public, respectively:
(1 ) Red travel warning: It is recommended not to travel to this destination;
(2) Orange travel warning: It is recommended to reconsider the necessity of traveling to this destination and avoid unnecessary travel;
(3) Yellow travel warning: It is recommended to pay close attention to factors that have occurred or may occur in tourist destinations that affect tourism safety;
(4) Blue tourism warning: It is recommended to pay close attention to factors that have occurred or may occur in tourist destinations. Possible factors that may affect travel safety.
3. Instruction signs
Graphic signs used to force people to take certain actions and take precautions. There are 12 signs including must-wear protective glasses, must-wear safety helmets, must wear life jackets, etc. The basic graphic is a circular border, the graphic symbol is white, and the background is blue.
4. Tip signs
A graphic sign that provides people with some kind of information (indicating safety facilities or places). Including four types: emergency exits and refuges. The basic graphic is a square border, the graphic symbol is white, and the substrate is green.
(2) Precautions for establishing and improving the safety sign system in scenic spots
Due to the certain hidden effects of graphic signs, a single graphic symbol cannot allow tourists to obtain correct information. They must be accompanied by text; all signs must be made and hung in accordance with national standards so that all tourists can understand them; in addition to being durable and not deformed when exposed to water, the materials of signboards must also be adapted to local conditions and consistent with tourist attractions. Coordinate with the resources and environment; to ensure effectiveness and prevent disputes, safety signs should be inspected at least once every six months, and damaged signs that do not meet the requirements should be repaired or replaced in a timely manner.
3. Safety facilities management for outdoor sports in geological tourist attractions
Most outdoor sports are adventure activities, such as mountain climbing, rock climbing, camping, hiking, ice climbing, etc. There are many Great excitement and challenge.
It allows people to embrace nature, challenge themselves, cultivate personal perseverance and teamwork spirit, and improve their ability to survive in the wild. While people are keen on outdoor sports, they often face safety issues caused by it. It can be managed from the aspects of cableway safety, cruise ship safety, mountaineering safety, rafting safety, and river tracing safety in the safety management of geological tourist attraction facilities.
(1) Safety management of ropeways and amusement facilities in geological tourism scenic spots
Amusement facilities are set up in specific areas in the scenic spots. Safety accidents in many scenic spots are mostly closely related to tourist facilities such as ropeways. Related. Many geological tourist attractions in my country have built passenger and sightseeing ropeways, so the management and maintenance of these facilities are of great significance. The following measures should be taken to ensure the safety of ropeways and amusement facilities:
1. Compliance with relevant laws and regulations and strict approval
Compliance with relevant national laws and regulations is an important prerequisite for the construction of cableways in geological tourism scenic spots, and the approval procedures must be strictly followed. First of all, cableway construction should comply with relevant laws and regulations, and comply with the requirements of the overall planning of tourist attractions or detailed construction planning. Secondly, cableway construction projects must have relevant special reports such as environmental impact assessment reports and engineering geological survey reports, and the review results must meet the construction requirements. At the same time, construction units and individuals must be reviewed and approved by the scenic area management agency and city and county construction departments, and submitted to the provincial competent department. Ropeway projects planned and constructed in world cultural and natural heritage sites must conscientiously implement the provisions of the Convention for the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, and adhere to the principle of “protection first, rational development, scientific management, and sustainable utilization”. The ropeway construction is scientific and reasonable.
On the contrary, if laws and regulations are violated and relevant and complete approval procedures are lacking, construction will be suspended and losses will occur. For example, the "Hundred Dragons Elevator" in Wulingyuan Scenic Area in Zhangjiajie has three glorious titles - "the world's highest fully exposed outdoor sightseeing elevator, the world's highest double-decker sightseeing elevator, and the world's largest and fastest sightseeing elevator." However, this "Sky Elevator" had been in operation for less than half a year. Due to the lack of safety inspection reports and environmental impact assessment reports required for elevator registration, it was suspended by the Ministry of Construction on September 30, 2002, and it remained in operation until August 7, 2003. Normal operation has only been restored, which has brought huge losses to the cableway builders and the development of tourist attractions. Therefore, ropeway construction must comply with relevant laws and regulations and implement strict approval procedures. This is one of the important prerequisites for ropeway construction.
2． Handle the relationship between scenic area protection and development
In a certain sense, any form of development will have a certain impact on the ecological environment of the scenic area. However, the negative impact of cableway construction cannot be ignored. It is mainly reflected in the fact that the construction of cableways will destroy the vegetation and landforms in the scenic area, thereby affecting the ecological value of the scenic area. For world natural and cultural heritage, it directly affects the overall image of the heritage. Therefore, correctly handling the relationship between protection and development is the first issue to be faced in cableway construction.
From the perspective of sustainable economic growth, effective protection and sustainable utilization of resources always come first. The core issue in dealing with the relationship between ropeway development and protection is "how to make careful decisions, carefully design, Scientific wiring can effectively prevent damage to landscape quality and environmental quality." This requires that the cableway planning and design should not compete with the scenic spots. It is in a subordinate position compared with the landscape. For example, the construction of the Zhongtianmen Cableway in Mount Tai blew up 1/3 of the Yueguan Peak, covering an area of ??19,000 square meters. The ruined scene of this mountain peak can be clearly seen from 10 to 20 kilometers away, causing The worst damage in Mount Tai's history.
3. The scenery on the upper part of the ropeway (top of the mountain) must be attractive
Although the ropeway itself sometimes becomes a tourist attraction, and riding the ropeway also has the function of enjoying the beautiful scenery from a high place, the most basic function of the ropeway is transportation. Tourists take the ropeway The main purpose is to reach the scenic spot conveniently. Therefore, the upper part of the cableway (the top of the mountain) must have an attractive landscape. If there is no attractive landscape or the landscape is average and cannot attract a large number of tourists, and only satisfies the leisure and leisure of individual people to climb high and see far away, the construction of the cableway is unnecessary.
For example, in the Wanshiyan Scenic Area in Xiamen, the upper mountain top of the cableway has neither very attractive natural scenery nor rich cultural resources, which cannot attract tourists. Therefore, the income of the cableway has been challenged, and the cableway has become an integral part of the Wanshiyan Scenic Area. Big failure. If there is a good tourist attraction at the top of the cableway, tourists will go there in large numbers. For example, there are 72 peaks in the Huangshan Scenic Area. Among them, the three main peaks of Lotus Peak, Guangming Peak and Tiandu Peak are all above 1800 meters above sea level. Qifeng The strange rocks and ancient pines are looming in the sea of ??clouds, which is magnificent. There are many tourists taking the cableway to see the "Welcoming Pines" and the "Sea of ??Clouds", which has also brought huge economic benefits to Huangshan's tourism industry.
4． The scenic area has a large height difference, difficult climbing, and long tour routes
Many famous mountains have pleasant scenery, but high peaks, steep mountains, and difficulty in climbing make many elderly and infirm tourists unable to do so. Cableway construction is generally in mountainous tourist attractions. In mountainous scenic areas, "large height difference, difficult climbing, and long travel lines" are important prerequisites for cableway construction. On the contrary, if there is "small height difference, easy climbing, and short travel lines," there is no need to build cableway facilities. For example, in tourist attractions in plain and hilly areas, the height difference in the tourist area is not large, and tourists can easily reach the scenic spots for sightseeing, so there is generally no need to build cableways. According to the scientific plan for the construction of cableways in tourist attractions, the vertical height difference of the mountain should be about 1,000 meters, the walking path should be more than 10 kilometers, and the construction of cableways with a climbing angle of 45 degrees should be considered.
For example, the Jinshanling Great Wall is the most magnificent section along the Great Wall in northern Beijing. Over the years, the Jinshanling Great Wall has become the largest tourist attraction in northern Hebei besides the summer resort due to its superior geographical location and well-preserved cultural relics. One, attracting a large number of Chinese and foreign tourists to come for sightseeing and vacation. However, due to the precipitous location of many scenic spots here, it is difficult for many tourists with poor health and elderly disabilities to reach the ideal scenic spots. They have no choice but to look at the Great Wall in wonder. In order to allow more tourists to appreciate the elegance of the Jinshanling Great Wall from a high altitude, relevant departments invested heavily in the construction of the Jinshanling Great Wall Cableway. This warehouse-style cableway goes from the foot of the Great Wall to the vicinity of the Xiaojinshan Ridge Tower. It offers a panoramic view of the scenery along the Great Wall, allowing tourists to calmly appreciate the elegance of the Great Wall in a limited time.
(2) Mountaineering tourism and safety equipment in geological tourist attractions
1. Overview of mountaineering
As a unique sport, mountaineering is popular all over the world with its charming charm. Modern mountaineering began in Europe and has a history of just over 100 years. Mountaineering in China started relatively late. Only after the birth of New China did mountaineering have the conditions for development. On May 24, 1960, three Chinese mountaineers, Wang Fuzhou, Gonpot and Qu Yinhua, successfully climbed Mount Everest from the north slope of Mount Everest, which was once called the "death route" by the British mountaineering team, creating the first time for humans to climb Mount Everest. The history of the North Slope’s conquest of Mount Everest.
With the social progress and economic development of our country, mountaineering has made great progress. Mountaineering is no longer the patent of professional athletes. Folk mountaineering activities are booming, and commercial mountaineering activities have also emerged. .
2． Mountaineering safety equipment
The more famous mountaineering holy places in my country include Mount Everest, K2, Shishapangma, Altun Mountain, Tanggula Mountain, Meili Snow Mountain, etc. During the mountaineering process, climbers will face the challenges of high mountains. Oxygen, avalanches, rolling rocks, slips and other difficult and dangerous tests. For mountaineers who want to carry out such high-risk alpine adventures or competitive mountaineering, in addition to complying with the requirements of mountaineering-related regulations, they must have good physical fitness and mountaineering skills, and must also have strict equipment. Mountaineering equipment is a general term for equipment, tools, clothing, etc. used in mountaineering. Mountaineering equipment must adapt to the environmental conditions of mountaineering. In terms of design, material selection, materials, and production, it must be as light, strong, efficient, and multi-purpose as possible. It is mainly divided into three categories:
(1) Camping equipment. Including tents, cooking utensils, bedding and various fuels.
(2) Technical equipment. Including climbing ropes, oxygen equipment, measuring instruments, altimeters, psychrometers, steel cones, mountaineering iron locks, lifts, ladders, pulleys, snow shovels, etc.
(3) Personal equipment. Including mountaineering clothing, hiking shoes, alpine boots, helmets, flashlights, gloves, protective glasses, etc.
Its characteristics are that it is light and easy to carry, sturdy and durable, easy to disassemble, and has multiple uses.
3. Management Measures for Tourism Mountaineering
Most tourists prefer leisure tourism mountaineering with moderate challenges and high safety, such as my country's famous "Five Sacred Mountains" and the Four Famous Buddhist Mountains. Tourism mountaineering is an activity that combines tourism and mountaineering. Tourists do not need to provide strict personal equipment, but managers of geological tourism scenic spots should implement relevant infrastructure management to provide tourists with a good and safe mountaineering environment. Management can be carried out through the following measures:
(1) Hire experts to standardize the names of mountains on routes where people often carry out mountaineering activities, and set up necessary safety protection measures, such as road signs, friendly reminders, etc., to maintain The mountaineering leisure trails should be standardized and tidy to prevent accidental injuries to citizens and tourists;
(2) Maintain the trails, set up warning signs at locations that are more dangerous and unsuitable for mountaineering activities, and place warning signs at more dangerous locations on the trails that are not suitable for mountaineering activities. Widen narrow places and lay stepped stone slabs in steeper places;
(3) Establish mountaineering rest stops, corridors, toilets and garbage dumps at appropriate locations on the line to facilitate tourists to take a short break and convenient on the way. Clean up dead trees promptly to prevent climbers from being injured by dead branches.
(3) Safety management and equipment of rafting facilities in geological tourist attractions
1. Overview of Rafting Tourism
Drifting tourism refers to an enterprise that legally holds a rafting designated spot certificate issued by the provincial tourism administration department and organizes tourists to use rafting tools in geological tourist attractions where streams, rivers, lakes and other water bodies are located. Artificial rafting tourism activities.
Rafting projects are becoming more and more popular among tourists because they provide strong physical and mental stimulation. Rafting activities have been widely carried out internationally, and some countries have reached a level of popularity. In China, due to the improvement of people's living environment and the improvement of life quality in recent years, rafting has begun to transform into a popular mass sports activity. According to preliminary statistics, there are currently 63 rafting spots nationwide and more than 50 legal entities operating rafting (Cui Yuan and Jin Yanchun, 2007). The more famous ones include Xiangshui River Rafting in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, Longtan River Rafting in Longtan Natural Scenic Area in Liulimiao Township, Huairou, Beijing, Beijiang River Rafting in Rongshui Miao Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and Furong River Rafting in Jiangkou Town, Wulong County, Chongqing City. , Maoyan River rafting in Zhangjiajie, Hunan, Bazhou River rafting in Guizhou, bamboo rafting in Taimu Mountain in Fujian, adventure rafting in Jinshantunda Forest in Inner Mongolia, Tianmu River rafting in Zhejiang, Minjiang River rafting in Sichuan, etc.
2． Safety management measures for rafting facilities
As a special tourism project, rafting tourism is highly dangerous. The National Tourism Administration has specially promulgated the "Interim Regulations on the Safety Management of Rafting Tourism". This regulation comprehensively stipulates rafting safety work from the safety of rafting river sections, rafting docks, and rafting tools, the management system of rafting tourism experiencers, personnel management and training, etc. According to regulations, it is particularly important to strengthen rafting safety management. The following measures should be taken:
(1) Strengthen government management and infrastructure construction
Management is a very important part of rafting tourism development, including transportation, communications, and personnel training Business management and other aspects. In terms of safety management, regular government supervision, inspections, scientific management and sound infrastructure are the core factors to ensure the development of tourism (Chen Bingcan et al., 2001). In terms of transportation and communications, local governments and rafting companies are required to construct basic and supporting facilities, including the construction or renovation of roads entering and exiting the rafting scenic area, parking lot construction, power supply, program control and mobile communication facilities. This enables tourists to have a convenient, fast and comfortable feeling when traveling to and from rafting scenic spots and during their travels.
For rafting tourism, if the infrastructure during the rafting process cannot keep up, it means that tourists have no personal safety and complete spiritual relaxation. Due to the widespread problems of chaotic operation and lag in management at domestic rafting spots, rafting safety accidents caused by this are also constantly occurring. For example, although the Maling River Canyon rafting tourism in southwest Guizhou Province has been developed for nearly 20 years, there are still many problems in its management.
On October 3, 1999, a cable car crashed in the Maling River Gorge National Natural Scenic Area, killing 14 people and injuring 21 others. Another example is that in July 2009, a rafting boat capsized in a section of water in Nixi Township, Nansanxia, ??Yunyang County, Chongqing. Dozens of tourists participating in the rafting expedition on the boat disappeared, and 7 of them were killed. It can be seen how important the safety management of rafting tourism facilities is.
(2) Provide special training for tourism management and service personnel
The comprehensive quality of knowledge, business, skills and other qualities of tourist destination management and service personnel directly represents the quality of the tourist destination. image. It requires practitioners to be proficient in natural science knowledge such as the geography, landforms, climate, and hydrology of rafting tourist destinations. It also requires knowledge of local economy, culture, folk customs, folk customs, religion, and tourism-related safety and health. Based on the categories and existing problems of tourism employees, we adopt different methods to train and educate them to improve their understanding of eco-tourism, master the basic knowledge and skills of tourism management, reception services, and rafting technology operators, and provide rafters with High-quality travel experience services.
(4) Ski tourism and equipment in geological tourist attractions
1. Overview of Ski Tourism
Winter skiing is one of the favorite activities of young people, especially in European and American countries. In recent years, more and more people in our country have begun to understand and love skiing, and the ski tourism industry has shown a booming development trend. In the past few years, nearly a hundred ski resorts have been built in Northeast my country, North China and some provinces in western China, and construction of many new ski resorts will start every year. The more famous ski resorts in my country include Heilongjiang Yabuli Ski Resort, Jilin Beidahu Ski Resort, Hebei Mulanweichang Ski Resort, Beijing Nanshan Ski Resort, Inner Mongolia Aershan Ski Resort, Yunnan Yulong Snow Mountain Ski Resort, Chengdu Xiling Snow Mountain Ski Resort, etc.
2． Ski tourism safety management measures
The safe operation of ski resorts is a systematic project. Including personnel safety, equipment safety and operational safety. Its safety system includes staffing, equipment, emergency procedures, safe work processes, visual recognition systems and audio and video systems. In addition to the complete facilities, there are more systems, procedures and backstage work invisible to the guests.
The work contents that cannot be seen by guests include: checking whether the sign prohibiting beginners from entering exists and can be easily recognized; whether the snow patrol personnel are working properly and detecting abnormal situations in a timely manner; whether the safety net is working properly; monitoring Whether the facility can provide accident liability determination screens, etc. Specific measures include the following measures:
(1) Comply with industry management standards
To operate a ski resort safely, it must first conduct safety management in accordance with industry management standards. According to the safety rules of the "Beijing Ski Resort Safety Management Specifications (Trial)" (2005): ski trails must be flat and spacious, with a width of not less than 20 meters; the sliding route can retain natural turns, slopes and reverse slopes, but there must be no continuous ups and downs causing Continuous vacating; the ski trails are not allowed to have sharp or small curves, and safety protection devices must be installed at steep and fast turns; the snow surface of the general ski trails must be tamped, solid, and flattened, and there must be no exposed soil or rocks. and tree roots, the thickness of the snow layer should not be less than 20 cm. The surface of the snow layer must not form ice; the taxiing route must not have obstacles that may be hit; and there should be a buffer zone that meets the safety distance at the taxiing end.
For the selection of graphic symbols to maintain skiing and cable car safety, you can refer to the ISO7001:1990 "Public Information Graphic Symbols" standard. These symbols include tramway, large-capacity gondola, small-capacity gondola, single-chair gondola, two-chair gondola, three-chair gondola, four-chair gondola, closed safety bar, open safety bar, closed pass Top safety bar, open the overhead safety bar, pedestrians must get off the vehicle, skiers must get off the vehicle, lift the front end of the ski sled, ski lift, steep slope ski lift, double file arrangement, three file arrangement, four file arrangement.
(2) Establish emergency procedures
As a service provider that provides comprehensive services, ski resorts must first ensure the absolute safety of guests. This includes the personal safety of guests, the safety of property, and complete procedures for handling emergencies.
Correct working procedures are the first condition to ensure the safety of equipment. When equipment problems occur, emergency measures must be established in advance to prevent problems before they occur.
For example, when a parking accident occurs during the operation of a cable car, according to the requirements of the China Ropeway Inspection Center, the ropeway rescue plan of each ski resort should be implemented in a timely manner. When professionals determine that the ropeway has not reversed or collapsed, rescue personnel will evacuate the guests to the ground nearby. In special circumstances, professional fire fighters will need to come to the rescue. In the event of such an accident, emergency procedures are required. Daily drills and correct responses when accidents occur can minimize the impact and losses of accidents.
(3) Install appropriate protective nets
Many ski resorts will install protective nets on both sides of the ski trails. Instead of reducing accidents, they increase the incidence of accidents. The reason is that after some ski resorts install protective nets, they think that they can glide at high speeds with the protection of the protective nets. If a protective net is installed on the front, it can play a very good blocking role. However, if the pillars of the safety net are hard objects, skiers will be seriously injured if they hit it. Therefore, domestic ski resorts should prohibit the installation of metal or wooden protective nets. support and increase various protective measures more scientifically and effectively.
(4) Implement the care of tourists
At present, the reason for the high rate of skiing accidents is due to the lack of care for skiers in ski resorts, technical problems of skiers and ski resorts. Caused by poor management. Ski resorts should first strengthen the "monitoring" of tourists. Ski instructors should be responsible for tourists, understand the situation of tourists in a timely manner, and provide technical guidance to tourists in a timely manner to avoid accidents.
(5) Strengthen monitoring and prediction
The ski resort is a place with a relatively dense population. Many tourists have poor skiing skills and are prone to stampedes and other incidents. Therefore, many countries have promulgated relevant laws, requiring ski resorts and other places to install surveillance cameras, striving to cover the entire ski resort and implement location management for each tourist. Once an emergency occurs, rescue can be carried out as quickly as possible.
In addition, ski resorts should predict weather conditions in a timely manner, conduct wind speed tests at all times, provide accurate weather information, and remind tourists in a timely manner.
3. Ski safety facilities and equipment
Commonly used safety facilities include protective nets for ski trails, medical rooms, snowmobiles for rescue, snow stretchers, etc. Ski equipment includes ski boots, snowboards, ski poles, ski glasses, ski suits, gloves, etc.
(5) River tracing tourism and safety equipment in geological tourist attractions
1. Overview of river tracing tourism
River tracing is an adventure activity that starts from the downstream of a canyon stream to the upper reaches, overcoming various obstacles in the terrain, and reaching the top of the mountain without access to water sources. An independent form of mountaineering, river tracing involves traveling upstream along a valley, encountering waterfalls or boulders, and requiring technical climbing depending on the terrain.
River tracing tourism relies on geological tourist attractions on site, is close to adventure tourism in terms of activity form, is close to expansion tourism in terms of organizational form, and is close to leisure sports tourism in terms of feelings. As an emerging outdoor sport, river tracing was originally a mountaineering method in the European Alps. It has now evolved into a relatively independent outdoor sport. It was popular in Japan from the 1960s to the 1970s and was introduced to our country after the 1970s.
The more famous river tracing attractions in China include Tiger Cave Valley in Jiangmen, Guangdong, Huanglong Gorge in Qingyuan, Wanquan River Canyon in Haikou, Hainan, Juma River in Miyun, Beijing, etc.
2． Safety equipment for river tracing tourism
As a new way of tourism, except for a few outdoor sports enthusiasts, many people still don’t know the true meaning of “river tracing” and have a wait-and-see and skeptical attitude towards it. Due to environmental uncertainty and emergencies, as well as the participants' own reasons, river tracing tourism is very risky.
When engaging in river tracing activities, you must form a team and do not enter the valley alone to avoid getting trapped and unable to escape. River tracing tourism has higher equipment requirements. Equipment for river tracing tour groups includes braided ropes, anchor piles, rock hammers, maps, compasses, altimeters, etc.
In addition, you should also have personal equipment dedicated to river tracing, such as:
(1) River tracing shoes: necessary equipment for river tracing people. It is not suitable to use shoes without anti-skid effect. Waterproof materials must be used. The river tracing shoes have anti-slip effect and are not easy to wear. The two-finger type with strong grip is the best, but hand-woven straw sandals and sports sandals with anti-slip function can also be used as anti-slip shoes;
(2) Leggings: Made of waterproof material, in addition to a certain degree of cold protection, they can also prevent bumps, abrasions, cuts from weeds and rocks, and bites from leeches. They are divided into long and short. There are two types. In addition to protecting the lower legs, the long helmet can also protect the knees;
(3) Helmet: You can use a lightweight rock climbing helmet or a mountaineering helmet, and domestic engineering helmets can also be substituted. The helmet can protect the head from slipping and falling rocks while climbing the creek;
(4) Waterproof backpack: It must be able to carry river tracing equipment and climbing supplies. Generally, people who trace the river mostly use cycling bags. ;
(5) Waterproof inner bag: Tourists traveling up rivers sometimes have to swim in deep pools and canyons. It is common for backpacks to go into the water. To make the contents of the backpack waterproof, just use plastic. It is not enough to tie up the bag, so it is necessary to add a waterproof inner bag to the backpack;
(6) Waterproof glasses: can protect the eyes of tourists traveling upstream;
(7 ) Waterproof clothing: It is advisable to choose nylon fabrics that are lightweight, have good breathability, and are easy to dry.
In addition, river tracing tourists must also have technical equipment such as ascenders, descenders, safety belts, and iron locks.
3. Safety management measures for river tracing tourism
Safety is the core issue in carrying out river tracing tourism. Scenic spots that have developed river tracing tourism should take the initiative to build a safety guarantee system for river tracing tourism and integrate it into the local social security system. Mainly include the following measures:
(1) Strengthen the training of professionals
River tracing tourism itself is very professional. Tourism companies can cooperate with professional adventure clubs to cultivate specialized tracing skills. Xi tourism skills talents. Many people believe that the safety of river tracing largely depends on the tour leader. There are currently very few excellent tour leaders, which makes many river tracing tourists take a wait-and-see attitude towards this project. Through strict safety training for organizers and team leaders, team leaders and tour guides can master the organizational skills, safety prevention knowledge and river tracing techniques of outdoor sports to ensure the safety of activities.
(2) Provide adequate professional training and skill coaching for participants
The reminder before departure determines whether the subsequent trip will go smoothly. This step is essential before tracing the river. Less procedures. For first-time participants, we will introduce how to use the equipment and problems that may be encountered during the tour. For experienced participants, more advanced and exciting river tracing techniques can be directly taught to them. Both guides and participants need to receive adequate training.
(3) Improve qualification certification, industry standards and insurance mechanisms
Learn from international experience and formulate a number of regulations and development standards to ensure the safety of outdoor sports, which will help to maximize the guarantee Visitor safety. At the same time, an industry association was established to strengthen the supervision of river tracing tourism enterprises. In addition, purchasing commercial insurance can effectively reduce business risks.