A method for preparing high-strength graphene oxide aerogels, which is characterized by including the following processes: 1) Preparing graphene oxide powder and deionized water into an aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.1-10 mg/ml, Ultrasonic vibration for 0.1-5 hours to obtain a well-dispersed graphene oxide aqueous solution; 2) Add 10-500ml of the prepared graphene oxide aqueous solution into a hydrothermal kettle, and treat it at 90-200°C for 1-24 hours to prepare Graphene oxide hydrogel; 3) Put the prepared graphene oxide hydrogel into ammonia water at 0-150°C, soak for 1-36 hours, and freeze-dry to obtain high-strength graphene oxide aerogel. The advantage of the present invention is that the preparation method is simple. On the basis of the preparation of graphene oxide aerogel, its mechanical strength can be improved through simple ammonia water treatment, and it has low energy consumption and no pollution. With its microporous structure, it can effectively perform adsorption and catalysis. It has great application prospects.