Sexual taste, sweet, light and cold, enters the heart, lungs, gallbladder and stomach meridians.
function
(1) Clearing the heart and promoting diuresis: It is used for sores on the mouth and tongue, short and red urine, or painful urine caused by excessive heart fire (such as acute urinary tract infection). It is often used with Radix Rehmanniae, Akebia, and Radix Glycyrrhizae (such as Daochi Powder).
Clearing away heat and vexation, promoting fluid production and diuresis, and treating fever, polydipsia, cough, vomiting, blushing, short and red urine and aphtha.
(2) Clearing away heat and removing annoyance: it is used for dryness and heat after fever, and is often used with gypsum and Ophiopogon japonicus.
Usage and dosage: 6 ~ 15g. Oral administration: decoction.
The Essence of Bamboo Leaves-Antioxidants from Bamboo Leaves
In the variety structure of food additive industry in China, antioxidants are the weakest link, especially natural antioxidants. At present, there are 47 kinds of commodities abroad, and their antioxidant effects are obviously better than those of BHA and BHT, such as rosemary extract, others such as sage extract, licorice antioxidant, tea polyphenols, ellagic acid, sunflower seed extract and so on. At present, there are only a few antioxidants approved for use in China, such as tea polyphenols, phytic acid (sodium), phospholipids and licorice. Replacing synthetic antioxidants with natural edible antioxidants is the development trend of food industry in the future, and developing practical, efficient and low-cost natural antioxidants with local resource characteristics and independent intellectual property rights is the top priority. China has a vast territory and rich resources, and has a tradition of homology of medicine and food for thousands of years. It has unique advantages to develop natural, nutritious and multifunctional food additives.
China is called "Bamboo Kingdom". There are more than 40 genera and 400 species of bamboo, and the bamboo forest area is about 4 million hectares. With its unique biological, ecological and multi-purpose characteristics, bamboo has attracted more and more attention and played an increasingly important role in China's sustainable development strategy. China is at the international leading level in the research and development of effective components of bamboo leaves. Since 1998, the author and his collaborators have done a lot of research on the anti-lipid peroxidation activity of bamboo leaf flavonoids. For example, in vitro simulation experiments at the molecular level showed that the extract of Phyllostachys pubescens leaves significantly inhibited AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation and prevented Cu++-mediated oxidation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in human serum. Strengthening 1% bamboo leaf extract in wheat milk extract (Ahuatian) significantly improved the anti-free radical and anti-oxidation ability of the product and protected the activities of VA and VE. After adding a certain amount of bamboo leaf extract to beer, the antioxidant performance and storage stability were greatly enhanced, and the recovery of diacetyl was significantly inhibited. The controllable acid hydrolysis of bamboo leaf flavonoids can convert some flavonoid glycosides into aglycones, and the lipophilicity is significantly improved. The rapid determination of TBA showed that the hydrolyzed aglycone showed the same antioxidant activity as BHT in rapeseed oil system, and its effective concentration was about 0.2 ‰. The improved oven test showed that the ability of hydrolyzed aglycone to inhibit lard peroxidation was similar to that of quercetin and tea polyphenols. The results of chemiluminescence showed that the activity of hydrolyzed aglycone was similar to that of quercetin, which indicated that bamboo leaf flavonoids had the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants. In 2002, the antioxidant of bamboo leaves was listed as the first item in the "Summary of Priority Products in Food Additive Industry" in the "National Guide for New Product Development of Light Industry".
Since 2002, the author has systematically studied the production technology, physical and chemical properties, quality standards, toxicological test results and application effects (application scope and maximum dosage) of bamboo leaf antioxidants according to the requirements of Hygienic Standard for the Use of Food Additives in People's Republic of China (PRC).
1. production process
AOB is a phenolic compound extracted from Lophatherum gracile. Its production process can be further concretized on the basis of the original patented technology.
2. Chemical composition
The antioxidant components of AOB include flavonoids, lactones and phenolic acids, and the content of total flavonoids is 30%. Because the antioxidant activity of the components obtained after further separation by column chromatography and countercurrent chromatography is lower than or equal to this product, it is a complex synergistic mixture. Among them, flavonoids are mainly flavonoid carboglycosides, including orientin, isoorientin, vitexin and isovitexin. Lactones are mainly hydroxycoumarin and its glycosides; Phenolic acids are mainly derivatives of cinnamic acid, including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid.
3. Identification method
AOB is yellow or brownish yellow powder or particles, soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in acetone, n-butanol and ethyl acetate. AOB is hygroscopic and quite stable in dry state. Identification of chemical reagent: take 0.5g of this product and dissolve it in 95% ethanol 100 ml, and the identification is as follows: take the above solution 1mL and add 2 ~ 3 drops of 1% FeCl 3- ethanol solution, the solution should be dark blue or blue purple. Take 1 of the above solution. Take 0.5 g of this product, add 10mL ether, ultrasonic extract for 30 seconds, and filter. Take 1mL filtrate, put it in a water bath at 70 ~ 90℃, then add 1ml 2% m-dinitrobenzene solution (prepared with 95% ethanol) and 2.5 mol/L KOH water solution in turn, and it will appear immediately. It soon turned into a deep purple. The infrared spectrum of potassium bromide tablet shows that it has characteristic absorption around 3400,2900, 16 10, 1520, 1080 cm- 1. After being dissolved in spectrally pure methanol, it was dissolved at 200 ~ 1. There are two main absorption peaks in the region of 240 ~ 400 nm, among which there is a strong absorption peak in the region of 240 ~ 280 nm and a strong absorption peak in the region of 300 ~ 350 nm, which shows the typical characteristics of plant flavonoids preparations.
4. Safety assessment
Bamboo leaves have a long history of edible and medicinal use in China and even in Southeast Asia. 1998 (light) bamboo leaves were approved by the Ministry of Health to be included in the List of Natural Products with the Same Origin of Medicine and Food, and "Zhukangning" capsules and tablets containing bamboo leaf flavonoids also obtained health food approval numbers in 1999 and 2002 respectively.
According to GB15193-1994 "Procedures and Methods for Toxicological Evaluation of Food Safety" issued by the Ministry of Health, Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention conducted an experimental study on the antioxidant (AOB) of Lifu brand bamboo leaves for more than one year. The results showed that the acute oral lethal dose (LD50) of rats and mice in the first stage was greater than 65438+. According to the acute toxicity classification standard, it belongs to the actual non-toxic category. In the second stage, Ames test was negative, and the micronucleus test of mouse bone marrow cells and sperm abnormality test were negative, suggesting that the sample was not mutagenic. In the third stage, rats were fed with low, medium and high doses for 90 days, which were equivalent to 100, 200 and 300 of the maximum possible human intake (860 mg/d) respectively. The traditional teratogenic test showed that there was no obvious maternal toxicity, embryonic toxicity and teratogenic effect in each dose group. In the first generation reproductive test of rats, there was no obvious toxic reaction in maternal-fetal effect. Metabolic test showed that four kinds of C-glycoside flavonoids in AOB were not directly absorbed by gastrointestinal tract of rats, and were not detected in plasma and main tissues and organs (liver, kidney, brain and muscle) at all stages after gastric perfusion. After 0.5h, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, the recoveries and contents of the four kinds of carboglycosides in the gastrointestinal tract were 83.3%, 68.8%, 65.0% and 6/kloc-0, respectively. 27.6% of the samples were ingested after one gavage, and no prototype was excreted through urine. Another main hydroxycoumarin component in AOB is mainly absorbed by blood. After gavage, it was not detected in liver, brain and muscle tissue of rats, but was detected in blood and kidney. After 24 hours of administration, 1.9% of this component was detected in urine, but not in feces.
Introduction to the efficacy of bamboo leaves;
Bamboo leaves (not recorded)
Slim bamboo (another way).
The source is the leaves of the Gramineae bamboo.
The morphology of plants is described in detail in bamboo shavings.
Collect those fresh herbs that can be picked at any time.
The leaves of medicinal materials are narrowly lanceolate, 7.5 ~16cm long and1~ 2cm wide. The apex is gradually pointed, the base is obtuse, the petiole is about 5mm long, one side of the edge is smooth, and the other side is rough and serrated. Parallel veins, 6 ~ 8 pairs of secondary veins, small transverse veins are very significant; The leaves are dark green, hairless, the back is lighter, and the base is slightly hairy; Thin and brittle.
The smell is weak and the taste is light.
It is best to be green, complete and unbranched.
Sweet and light, but cold.
(1) Special Record: Xin Ping, Great Cold.
② Theory of medicinal properties: sweet and non-toxic.
③ Yan Lu materia medica: bitter, sweet, slightly cold and nontoxic.
④ Herbal Zheng Zheng: sweet and light in taste, flat in nature and slightly cool in gas.
Meridians enter the heart, lung, gallbladder and stomach meridians.
① Southern Yunnan herbs: enter the lungs.
② Description of properties of drugs processed by Lei Gong: entering heart, lung and stomach.
Materia Medica Classic: Starting from the Sun Classic.
④ Drug meaning: entering heart, lung and muscle.
Indications-The effects of bamboo leaves are clearing away heat, relieving annoyance, promoting fluid production and diuresis.
Treat fever, polydipsia, convulsion, cough, vomiting, blushing, short urine and aphtha.
(1) Special record: phlegm-heat in the main chest, cough against qi.
② Theory of medicinal properties: Treating hematemesis and toxic wind, quenching thirst.
Herbal dietotherapy: treating cough, quenching thirst, resolving phlegm, laryngitis, removing annoyance and clearing heat.
④ Rihuazi Herbal Medicine: removing phlegm, treating fever, dysphoria, aphasia due to apoplexy, high fever, headache, head wind, rotation of pregnant head on the ground, stopping convulsion, fever, dysphoria, convulsion, epilepsy, children hanging themselves.
⑤ Zhang: Cooling heart meridian, benefiting qi, clearing heat and strengthening spleen.
⑥ Outline: decoct thick juice, wash bleeding in teeth, and wash anus.
⑦ Herbal Zheng Zheng: relieving deficiency-heat and vexation, relieving polydipsia, promoting fluid production, promoting diuresis, stopping laryngitis, infantile wind-heat convulsion and epilepsy.
⑧ Chongqing Tang's Essay: There is the wind of calming the liver and benefiting the gallbladder, and there is the heat of clearing the spleen outside, so it has the effect of calming the nerves and stopping spasm.
Pet-name ruby "rejuvenation of materia medica": cool the heart and strengthen the spleen, treat hematemesis and nosebleeds, and be alert to the ears and eyes.
Oral administration and dosage: decocted, 2 ~ 4 yuan.
Prescription 1 for heat thirst: five liters of lophatherum gracile, three ounces of poria cocos and gypsum, three liters of wheat and two ounces of Trichosanthes kirilowii.
Boil bamboo leaves in two barrels, take eight liters, take four liters of herbs, and take warm clothes.
(Zhuyeqing Decoction) ② After the treatment of typhoid fever, I feel weak and feel queasy: two handfuls of bamboo leaves, one liter of gypsum, half a catty of Pinellia ternata (washed), two ounces of ginseng, one liter of Ophiopogon japonicus (heart-removed), two ounces of licorice (fried) and half a liter of japonica rice.
("Treatise on Febrile Diseases" Bamboo Leaf Gypsum Soup) ③ After treating cholera, I feel hot and irritable: I cook bamboo leaf juice and drink five or six flavors.
(Shengji always records Zhuyeqing Decoction) ④ Treating wind-heat in children's hearts, in a trance: holding bamboo leaves, glutinous rice and semi-wormwood.
Take two glasses of water, boil two flavors, take a cup of juice, throw rice for porridge except me.
(Sheng Huifang) ⑤ Treatment of postpartum apoplexy, fever, blushing, wheezing and headache: one handful of bamboo leaves, three roots of pueraria lobata, one or two roots of Bupleurum, one or two roots of platycodon grandiflorum, one or two roots of licorice, one or two branches of cassia twig, one or two roots of ginseng, one root of aconite (processed), fifteen jujubes and five roots of ginger.
Boil the top ten ingredients in a bucket of water for two and a half liters and take them three times at different temperatures.
A warm covering will make you sweat.
(Bamboo Leaf Soup in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber) ⑥ Treatment of stranguria: one and a half yuan each for Lophatherum gracile, plantain seed, jujube, black bean (fried and shelled), wick and licorice.
Serve one, use two glasses of water, fry until it is medium-cooked, and take it warm regardless of time.
⑦ Treatment of small intestine moving heart heat, oral stranguria: 2 yuan for Lophatherum gracile, 1 yuan for Akebia stem, 8 points for raw licorice, 6 yuan for fried plantain seed (San Qian) and 6 yuan for raw rehmannia root.
(The brief meaning of Daochi Powder in medicine) 8 Treatment of postpartum insufficient blood gas hyperhidrosis: Bamboo leaves, decoction, three-in-one, warm, and then take it later.
Pet-name ruby treatment of head sore: burn a catty of bamboo leaves to ashes, take minced radish as the end, mix the eggs evenly, and apply them on Wednesday and Thursday.