1, Newton
Isaac newton, 1643—1727, is a world-famous physicist, mathematician, astronomer and natural philosopher. He is known as "the father of modern physics" and is the most influential person in the history of science.
Newton was called an encyclopedic "all-rounder". In physics, he put forward the universal gravitation and three laws of motion, which have become the basis of physics for centuries. In optics, he invented reflecting telescope, and based on the observation that a prism diverges white light into the visible spectrum, he developed the color theory.
2. Galileo
Galileo galilei,1564-1642, an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, was the founder of modern natural science in Europe. He is called "the father of observational astronomy", "the father of modern physics", "the father of scientific method" and "the father of modern science".
Galileo studied the principles of velocity and acceleration, gravity and free fall, relativity, inertia and projectile motion, engaged in applied science and technology research, described the essence of pendulum and "still water balance", invented thermometers and various military compasses, and used telescopes for celestial scientific observation. His contributions to observational astronomy include confirming the phase of Venus with a telescope, discovering Jupiter's four largest satellites, observing Saturn's rings and analyzing sunspots.
3. Einstein
Albert Einstein (1879—1955), a Jewish physicist, was born in Germany, with dual citizenship of the United States and Switzerland. Doctor of Physics, University of Zurich, who put forward the photon hypothesis and successfully explained the photoelectric effect, won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 192 1. In the same year, he founded the special theory of relativity; in 19 15, he founded the general theory of relativity; in 1933, he moved to the United States and worked in Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies. He became an American citizen on 1940, while retaining Swiss citizenship.
It was selected as the "great man of the century" in the 20th century by Time magazine. Einstein's theory laid a theoretical foundation for the development of nuclear energy and initiated a new era of modern science and technology. He is recognized as the greatest physicist after Galileo and Newton, and also a master of philosophy of science of critical school.
4. Edison
Thomas Alva Edison, 1847 to 193 1 was born in Ohio, USA. He is a world-famous inventor, physicist and entrepreneur, and is known as the "king of inventions in the world". He has more than 2,000 well-known and important invention patents and was awarded the title of "Menlo Park's Wizard" by the media. Edison invented countless inventions in his life, which had a far-reaching impact on the development of human history. His invention of the phonograph, movie camera and electric light had a great influence on the world.
5. Faraday
Michael faraday, 179 1 year-1867, a British physicist and chemist, is also a famous self-taught scientist. Because of his great contribution to electromagnetism, he is called "the father of electricity" and "the father of alternating current". Faraday discovered the electromagnetic induction phenomenon for the first time, and then obtained the method of generating alternating current. His key breakthrough in electric field changed human civilization forever.
6. Kepler
Johannes Kepler, 157 1 year-1630, German astronomer, mathematician and astrologer. Kepler discovered three laws of planetary motion, namely, the law of orbit, the law of area and the law of periodicity, which won him the reputation of "sky legislator". At the same time, he also made important contributions to optics and mathematics. He is the founder of modern experimental optics.
7. Darwin
Charles robert darwin, 1809- 1882, a British biologist and the founder of the theory of evolution, put forward the theory of biological evolution, thus destroying all kinds of idealistic creationism and species invariance. In addition to biology, his theory has a great influence on the development of anthropology, psychology and philosophy. Engels listed the theory of evolution as one of the three major discoveries of natural science in the19th century.
8. Maxwell
James clerk maxwell, 183 1 year-1879, born in Edinburgh, Scotland, England, is a British physicist and mathematician. Founder of classical electrodynamics and one of the founders of statistical physics. Maxwell is generally regarded as one of the most influential physicists in physics. Without electromagnetism, there would be no modern electrician technology and no modern civilization. His works on electricity and magnetism are also considered as the most important physics classics after Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.
9.da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci, 1452- 15 19, was an Italian painter, natural scientist and engineer during the Renaissance, and was called "the three outstanding artists after the Renaissance" together with Michelangelo and Raphael. Da Vinci is profound in thought and knowledge. He is good at painting, sculpture, invention and architecture, and is familiar with mathematics, biology, physics, astronomy and geology. He is a rare all-rounder in human history. Modern scholars call him "the most perfect representative of the Renaissance".
10, Nobel
Alfred bernhard nobel, 1833—1896, Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, military equipment manufacturer and inventor of diatomite explosive. He owned 355 patented inventions in his life, and established the Nobel Prize, which was awarded to people from all over the world who made great contributions to mankind in these fields.
The above contents refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Newton Baidu Encyclopedia-Galileo Baidu Encyclopedia-Einstein.