1. Cause of disease: It is generally believed that the pathogenic bacteria of chronic epididymitis enter retrogradely through the lumen of the vas deferens, and some also believe that they invade through the lymphatic system. The clinical course is chronic, with the epididymis enlarged, hard or accompanied by nodules, and mild tenderness. Due to the anatomical characteristics of the epididymis, infection of the epididymis is prone to swelling, tissue organization, and even nodule formation.
2. Pathogenesis: Chronic epididymitis is generally the irreversible terminal stage of severe acute epididymitis. Chronic epididymitis causes sclerosis of the entire epididymis due to fibroplasia. Histologically, extensive scarring and epididymal duct occlusion were seen. The tissue is infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells.