Enterprise loan refers to a way for an enterprise to borrow money from banks or other financial institutions at a prescribed interest rate and time limit for production and operation. Next, I will bring you the "three relaxation" policy for small business loans. I hope you like it!
Small enterprises, which are often ignored by various financial institutions, finally have a "sword of honour" to rely on. Recently, the China Banking Regulatory Commission issued the Guiding Opinions on Banks' Credit Granting to Small Enterprises (hereinafter referred to as the Guiding Opinions), which is an important revision of the relevant regulations issued in 2005.
Relevant persons of the China Banking Regulatory Commission said that for small enterprises, the "great significance" of this revision is mainly reflected in the "three relaxations": First, the types of loans are relaxed, and in addition to various loans, various credit businesses such as letters of credit and bill acceptance are introduced; Second, the scope of collateral should be expanded. Banks can pledge property rights in intellectual property rights such as trademark exclusive right, patent right and copyright, and mortgage and pledge the personal property of small business owners or major shareholders. The third is to relax the guarantee conditions, such as personal property and guarantee of small business owners or major shareholders, joint guarantee of business owners, guarantee of economic consortium, and alternative guarantee of export credit insurance.
Most of the existing bank loans and credit conditions are formulated according to the situation of large and medium-sized enterprises, and there is a lack of targeted regulations for small enterprises with completely different operating conditions. The new Guiding Opinions drafted this time follows the following basic principles: First, it reflects the credit characteristics of small enterprises. Starting from the reality of credit granting for small enterprises, taking the credit granting workflow as the chain, it highlights the characteristics that credit granting for small enterprises is different from credit granting for large and medium-sized enterprises, so as to simplify credit granting procedures, adjust conditions, calculate costs, control risks, float interest rates and divide responsibilities. Second, banks are encouraged to make bold attempts and innovations around the credit system, operation and management, business processes, risk management, internal control, products and guarantees of small enterprises within the scope permitted by laws and regulations. The third is to pay attention to practice. The Guiding Opinions fully reflects the good practices and successful experiences of the dispatched offices of the CBRC and Chinese and foreign banks in the practice of credit granting for small enterprises in the past two years.
The "new breakthrough" of the Guiding Opinions also lies in requiring banks to classify the credit risk of small enterprises according to the principle of combining loans overdue days with guarantee methods, instead of the usual five-level classification method.
Relevant persons of the China Banking Regulatory Commission explained that the traditional loan classification method exaggerated the credit risk of small enterprises to a certain extent, which was not conducive to supporting the healthy development of small enterprise credit. In fact, the financing and management of small enterprises are different from those of large and medium-sized enterprises. For example, because large and medium-sized enterprises are equipped with specialized financial management personnel, once loans overdue, it may mean that there is indeed a problem with the repayment of enterprises; Small enterprises generally do not have specialized financial personnel, and the owners may not be able to repay on time for various reasons. According to the statistics of Zhejiang Tailong Commercial Bank, more than 98% of overdue loans within 1 month can be finally paid off.
"Small business credit is characterized by a small amount and many transactions. If the traditional loan management process is to be strictly followed, commercial banks need to increase a large number of' managers', and loan enterprises need to provide a large amount of management information, which will also increase the credit cost of small enterprises. " A person from the China Banking Regulatory Commission said.
The new "Guiding Opinions" also made the following adjustments: First, it adjusted the requirements for asset quality evaluation, proposed to evaluate the overall quality of small business credit according to the characteristics of small business loans, and abandoned the traditional practice of evaluating single and single-family loans; The second is to adjust the conditions of credit review, emphasizing on-the-spot investigation and collection of non-financial information, rather than relying solely on financial statements and guarantees; The third is to adjust the credit evaluation standard, which is different from large and medium-sized enterprises in terms of indicators and weights, formulate a credit scoring system for small enterprises, and highlight the personal credit evaluation of small business owners or major shareholders.
Some business people have reported that the "new rules" of the CBRC for granting credit to small enterprises reflect the concern and attention of the banking regulatory authorities on the long-standing problem of "financing difficulties for small enterprises" and can be described as "well-intentioned" for improving the financing environment for small enterprises. However, whether it can be effectively implemented in actual operation needs further observation.
Relevant persons of the China Banking Regulatory Commission said that in the future, they will support small business credit innovation, implement small business credit incentive policies in banks, strengthen supervisors, establish a special small business credit supervision team, and implement supportive and continuous supervision on small business credit. ;