What are the main forms of expression of research results? What does each specifically mean?
answer content:
primary and secondary school teachers should make a comprehensive review and summary of the whole research process after completing the research on a certain problem in combination with their own work. On this basis, this paper puts forward a written material that generally reflects the whole process of research and the knowledge gained, so as to provide necessary information to others and achieve the purpose of mutual exchange and promotion of development. Writing the research process and results is the expression of educational scientific research achievements.
First, the main forms of expression of research results
There are various forms of expression of research results in primary and secondary education, and the forms of expression of research results are different with different research tasks, but they are mainly expressed in written language, which is not only conducive to the mutual exchange and discussion between the results, but also conducive to the preservation and inheritance of the results. Generally speaking, there are two kinds of expressions of educational scientific research achievements: one is educational scientific research reports, and the other is educational scientific research papers.
(1) Research Report
In order to test an educational theory or hypothesis, primary and secondary school teachers conduct relevant practical exploration, and truthfully describe and record the research results through observation, analysis, synthesis and judgment and reasoning, which is a research report. Educational research report is a document describing the results or progress of educational research work, a document reporting the situation, new discoveries and new achievements, and a style often used by educators. Its outstanding feature is to explain and explain problems with facts and data. It is a style widely used by educational researchers. According to the different contents and methods of educational research, there are different research reports, including survey of education report, educational investigation report, educational experimental research report, action research report, experience summary report and case study report.
(II) Academic paper
Academic paper is a theoretical article in which educational researchers systematically and specially study and discuss specific educational problems, phenomena, documents or theories, draw new conclusions, put forward new ideas, make new explanations and make new arguments. It focuses on expounding the theoretical understanding of a certain thing and problem, and requires that new viewpoints or new theoretical systems can be put forward and explained and demonstrated. This kind of paper uses profound philosophy and strict logical argument to explain the problem, and is generally applied to theoretical research results. It requires clear arguments, conclusive arguments, rigorous discussion, and clearly show the formation process of theoretical viewpoints and systems.
(III) Comparison between research reports and academic papers
Research reports and academic papers are two forms of expression of educational scientific research achievements in primary and secondary schools, which are both different and related.
1. There are some differences in content requirements between research reports and academic papers
Generally speaking, papers are concise and concise, and they only highlight the most important, wonderful and creative contents of a research work. The paper contains new opinions or forms new explanations, new arguments and new theories, and there is no description of the general research process and too much specific materials; The scientific research report can include all the important processes, methods and links of the whole research work.
2. There are differences between research reports and academic papers in terms of innovation
In terms of innovation, academic papers must put forward new ideas and new theories on the basis of fully occupying a large number of documents to supplement the shortcomings of existing research, correct the deviation of popular sayings, fill the gaps in research and reach a new high in existing research; The research report focuses on stating the facts and data of the research process and explaining the problems, and it is not necessary to form an innovative point of view.
question 2: what's the difference between the title of the project and the title of the project? What are the elements of the project? Generally, projects are based on projects. Many times, a project will have more than N projects. Of course, the name of the project can also be the same as the name of the project. Just like the first-level classification name in the classification system can be the same as the second-level classification name. As for the elements of the subject, I think there will be some differences according to the nature of the subject. Mainly the relevant participants, participating units, research results, results number and so on. You can refer to the relevant fields of some scientific research achievements or the relevant fields of the project application.
question 3: what are the important forms of phased research results of the topic? What are the phased summary of the topic research?
The phased summary of the topic research is a comprehensive and systematic review and inspection of the past scientific research work.
this kind of summary mainly includes three parts: title, text and signature. The title should be consistent with the content, generally expressed in the form corresponding to the title of the stage plan or in the form of main title plus subtitle, so as to clarify or highlight the summarized content.
The text usually includes three parts: overview, basic practices and results, conclusion and discussion. After the introduction explains the basic situation of the research and the basic viewpoints of the whole paper, we should state the content and specific methods of the research, explain the results, analyze the achievements, experiences and existing problems, and finally make necessary discussions and put forward future plans.
specifically, it should include two aspects: 1. review of phased research work
that is, to summarize the main research work carried out in this stage (school year or semester) according to the research promotion plan (progress plan) at this stage. This is an important basis for writing a research report when the topic is finished.
specifically, we should focus on the research work at this stage from the following three aspects: ① What activities have been carried out at the school level (such as training, investigation, observation and discussion, etc.)? What organizational management measures have been taken? At the teacher level, how is the research progress? (2) whether the phased set goals have reached
2
? What achievements have been made and what results have been received? What typical examples have emerged? ③ What are the shortcomings of this research? What problems or puzzles did you encounter during the research? What are the implications for future research?
2. Sorting out the phased research results
That is, refining the main research results obtained in this stage (school year or semester) according to the research promotion plan (progress plan) at this stage. This is an important basis for writing a report on the research results of the project at the end of the project.
specifically, we can focus on the research work of this stage from the following two aspects: ① Explicit research results, including two types: first, factual results, such as effective experience (practice) summary, special research papers, typical lessons (cases), excellent educational stories or educational essays; Second, data achievements, such as the dependent variable survey materials of individuals or groups (questionnaire statistics, performance analysis); (2) Implicit research results, including: the growth of students in all aspects, the professional development of teachers, the connotation development of schools, the social effects, and so on.
combing the results is not a simple listing of the results. As far as the research is concerned, the above achievements can only be regarded as original achievements. Therefore, for the person in charge of the project, two tasks should be done well: one is to sort out the above-mentioned original achievements, and to get rid of the rough and the fine, and to eliminate invalid or irrelevant achievements; The second is to accurately grasp the variable factors of the research, logically classify and refine the above-mentioned original results, and then, based on facts and data, make necessary integration and promotion of the phased research results
3
and effectiveness of the whole project, and extract the essence of science and regularity from it, so that the research results of the project are based on the original results and higher than the original experience.
signature. The author's signature of the summary is written directly below the title, and the date of the summary is indicated at the bottom right of the end of the text.
(consists of an introduction and a main body. What is the basis of the introduction, for what purpose, and what problems or situations are summarized as follows. Writing methods, achievements and shortcomings, experiences and lessons, problems and suggestions, etc. )
Question 4: What does the title of the project appraisal document mean? The expected goal is naturally different. Conceptually, it is very simple. The expected goal of the project refers to the measures adopted in this project research or the results and effects that the project research itself is expected to achieve after implementation. You don't even know this when you are studying the project, do you?
Question 5: How to write the expected results of the project:
Research stage, Time
Name and form of results
Person in charge
Final research results: completion time
Form of results
Person in charge
Estimated investment:
Total
Project and use
Person in charge
Question 6: What do you mean by applying for the declared research results in the law society project? First of all, the researchers should determine their own research. The following points should be grasped in the preliminary demonstration of the subject: ① Clarify the nature, purpose and task of the topic. That is, what problems are to be solved, what research purposes are to be achieved, what the nature of the problems is, and what types of problems they belong to.
Question 7: Introduction of Li Yaogang's research achievements. He is engaged in the research on the preparation and properties of nano-oxide powder, nano-nitride powder, nano-composite ceramic material, organic/inorganic nano-composite, carbon nanotubes and their composites. Participated in the research of nano-ceramic materials sub-project of national 973 plan; Participated in the research work of China Academy of Sciences' major knowledge innovation project, nano-ceramics and nano-composite materials, and Shanghai Science and Technology Development Fund project, such as the preparation and properties of new nano-multiphase ceramics. More than 3 papers have been published in academic journals and conferences at home and abroad, such as Journal of the American Ceramic Society and Journal of Inorganic Materials. China has applied for 15 invention patents, of which 7 have been granted patents.
question 8: how to write the project conclusion appraisal and achievement evaluation book 1. determine the project name.
2. Fill in the project declaration form and project plan, and the time will generally be around January and February of each year. 3. After the examination by the education department, it will be sent to the project initiation notice. 4. With the passport of the project initiation notice, the focus of work will be on the research process of the project. Often, many teachers think that things should come to an end after getting the notice, and then they will spell out a conclusion report everywhere and say something embarrassing. In fact, this is completely wrong. It should be said that getting the notice of project establishment is the beginning of the drama. We need to find answers to our own questions. In the meantime, we should do a good job in the subject record book and truly record the traces of the subject research.
(project notice, project record book)
The record book includes the following major contents: A project research work schedule B project opening demonstration record C project research reference list D research activity overview record E research stage summary F research report summary G project achievement appraisal opinion table H research activities and meeting records I study activities and experiences in the research group
5. After the completion time, it will probably be around July and August every year. Together with the record book and the topic conclusion report, submit it to the education department for evaluation. The basic elements of a research report are generally composed of title (title), signature, abstract, keywords, text and references.
Question 9: How to write a research topic 1. Proposing a research topic:
Generally speaking, we should think about it from three aspects: background, present situation and foundation (or importance, necessity and possibility).
1. Background: The developed educational situation, new educational concepts, ideas, requirements or teaching ideas, methods and means we are facing have had an important impact on the teaching practice.
2. Present situation: The most urgent problem that we must study and solve in time is the difference between the actual situation of education and teaching work in our region and our unit and the changed educational background.
3. foundation: the exploratory research made by members of the research group or others on this issue, and the preliminary research results that have been obtained.
second, the definition of the concept:
refers to the connotation of some important words in the name of the main topic (sometimes including some sub-topics), the scope of the research of the topic, etc.
note: it is unnecessary to elaborate the important viewpoints of the research.
Third, theoretical basis:
The main theories, doctrines, viewpoints and principles that the research of this topic tries to learn from and apply, so as to obtain the main research ideas and teaching concepts that support the research of this topic.
IV. Main research objectives and contents:
The main research objectives (assumptions of the topic) that are tried to be achieved through the research of this topic, as well as which sub-topics the main topic is decomposed into and the specific research tasks of each sub-topic. There should be a reasonable and close logical relationship between the research purpose of the topic and the sub-topic. The research of each sub-topic can completely show the research framework of the main topic. These sub-topics are relatively independent, interrelated and have strong maneuverability, which can be implemented in the practice of education and teaching for the members of the research group.
V. Main research methods and research objects:
1. Research methods: mainly include literature, action research, investigation, case study, experience summary, etc., and can also be supplemented by research methods such as mathematical statistics, detection analysis, follow-up comparison, structural function, observation, pursuit of cause, attribution, history and experiment. It is necessary to explain how to give full play to the instrumental role of the research methods adopted to serve the research of this topic (or a sub-topic).
2. The research object generally refers to people, mostly students and some teachers. It is necessary to make it clear whether we are studying all the students in our unit or some students (or teachers).
VI. Form of research results:
Generally, it includes research report, essays, compilation of excellent teaching plans or activity designs, case compilation, observation class (courseware, CD-ROM), collection of students' works, publication or award-winning of teachers' papers, etc.
VII. Composition and division of labor of the research group:
The members of the research group should include the person in charge of the project, the person in charge of the sub-project and the front-line teachers who participated in the research. The externally hired instructors, consultants and other personnel should be treated differently according to their responsibilities and obligations.
members of the research group should be responsible for or concurrently responsible for planning, organizing, coordinating, coordinating, managing, researching, guiding and consulting.
VIII. Implementation steps:
1. Pre-preparation stage:
Establish the main topic and construct sub-topics; Set up a research group and define the division of responsibilities; Establish and improve the learning exchange system; Complete the demonstration and declaration work; Formulate the implementation plan of the main project and the work plan of the sub-project; Conduct necessary preliminary investigation or testing.