Alfred bernhard nobel, Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, military equipment manufacturer and explosive inventor, was born in Stockholm on June 2/9261833, and died on February 26/Kloc-0.
Nobel not only made contributions to explosives, but also made achievements in electrochemistry, optics, biology, physiology and literature. During Nobel's lifetime, he applied for as many as 355 invention patents in Britain alone.
In addition to explosives, Nobel has made theoretical and practical achievements in fuze using nitroglycerin, silent gun, hardening treatment, welding and fusion of metals, stability of bullets, extremely safe submarine equipment using gas, and rockets used to rescue shipwrecks.
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Influence of later generations:
When Nobel died, he made a will: "Please turn my property into a fund, and use the interest of this fund as a bonus every year to reward those who made good contributions to mankind in the previous year."
According to his will, the international Nobel Prize was first awarded from 190 1. The first prize was won in19011210, the fifth anniversary of Nobel's death. Since then, in addition to the wartime interruption, the king will hold a grand award ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden and Oslo, Norway on this day every year.
According to Nobel's will, in the whole selection process, the winners are not influenced by any nationality, nationality, ideology or religious belief, and the first criterion for selection is the size of achievements. The specific awards are:
(1), Nobel Prize in Physics: It is decided by the Swedish Academy of Science and awarded to those who have made important inventions and discoveries in physics.
(2) Nobel Prize in Chemistry: It is decided by the Swedish Academy Science Award and awarded to those who have made important discoveries and improvements in chemistry.
(3) Nobel Prize in Medicine: It is decided by Caroline Society in Stockholm and awarded to people who have made important discoveries in physiology or medicine.
(4) Nobel Prize in Literature: It is decided by the Stockholm Academic Research Institute and awarded to those who inspire and guide literary thoughts.
(5) Nobel Peace Prize: A five-member committee composed of the Norwegian Parliament decided to award it to those who have made great contributions to the abolition and reduction of armaments in order to promote international friendly relations and the establishment and popularization of peace conferences.
(6) Nobel Prize in Economics: It is not one of the five prize areas mentioned in Nobel's will, but was added by the Swedish Bank in 1968 to commemorate Nobel. The winner is decided by the Royal Swedish Academy of Science.
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