The modern Dewar bottle was invented by Scottish physicist and chemist Sir James Dewa. 1892, Dewar asked Berg to blow the glass into a special glass bottle. This is a double glass container. Both glass walls are silvered, and then the air between the two walls is pumped away to form a vacuum. The silver on the wall of the two-layer liner can prevent radiation heat dissipation, and the vacuum can prevent convection and conduction heat dissipation, so the temperature of the liquid in the bottle is not easy to change. Later, Berg made a shell out of nickel to protect the fragile glass bottle liner. At first, this dewar bottle was only used in laboratories, hospitals and expeditions, and later it was also used for picnics or trains.
1893 65438+1On October 20th, Dewar Bottle announced that it had invented a special cryostat-later called Dewar Bottle. 1898, why use Dewar bottle to liquefy hydrogen, reaching 20.4K K ... In the second year, hydrogen was solidified, and the vapor on the surface of solid hydrogen was pumped out, reaching 12K. Dewar invented the container of low-temperature liquefied gas, which is a double-layer glass container with silver plating in the middle and vacuum pumping. This container was later transformed into a well-known daily necessities-thermos. From 65438 to 0925, it began to sell popular cheap plastic thermos bottles.
At the same time, similar vacuum insulated containers are needed for transporting and storing liquefied gas in the laboratory. Dewar invented the metal dewar bottle for storing liquid oxygen in 1906. In a metal container with a volume of 1 10000 liters designed for railway transportation, the daily evaporation rate of liquid oxygen is about 0. 1%, and that of liquid hydrogen is about 0.8%.