1 Choose the appropriate posture according to the operation needs.
When patients enter the operating room, they should first decide their position according to the surgical site, and explain to them that the arrangement of position must be convenient for surgery to avoid the side effects caused by improper position fixation. Can make patients actively cooperate and ensure the smooth operation. According to the patient's surgical site, choose the appropriate vein and establish a venous channel convenient for infusion, blood transfusion, medication and surgical operation. Understand the characteristics of various surgical postures, so that the postures can be placed correctly and reasonably. According to the requirements of various operations, the body position should be placed reasonably. For example, for patients undergoing neck surgery, a small soft pillow is placed under the shoulder to overstretch the neck and fully expose the surgical field; It is also for this purpose that a rubber soft pillow is placed under the right rib of patients undergoing gallbladder surgery; Patients undergoing lumbar surgery are placed on a special bridge, the purpose of which is to make the patients comfortable and convenient for surgery. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the operating table and use it reasonably. When doing kidney surgery, the patient's surgical site should be placed on the lumbar bridge, which can make the waist overstretch and facilitate the operation.
2 Fixed posture to avoid side effects.
Fixed position should be comfortable, firm and accurate to prevent movement. After posing, it should be fixed with a fixing belt and properly padded for protection. For patients who need lateral position surgery in chest, kidney, brain and other parts, a rubber pad should be placed on the chest and back and fixed with a single board, and a pad should be placed under the armpit to avoid compressing the brachial plexus. Bend the patient's calf and straighten his thigh. Put a big rubber pad between your legs and fix it at the hip and knee joint with a fixing belt. The tightness is appropriate to avoid bedsore caused by long-term extrusion. Put the two upper limbs on the armrest, protect and fix them with cushions. This kind of fixation for patients is comfortable and firm, and it is not easy to produce side effects. Reasonable placement of surgical position to avoid side effects. Such as general anesthesia, shock, coma, lying in one position for a long time is easy to cause muscle, nerve and blood vessel damage in some parts. When lying on your side, put a soft pillow under your armpit to reduce the pressure on the brachial plexus. In the lithotomy position, a sponge pad can be placed on the fixed frame to increase the elasticity and reduce the compression on the common peroneal nerve. When lying on the chest side, the forearm can be fixed on the anesthesia frame with a triangular towel to avoid local long-term compression.
3. Precautions for children's posture placement
Among many surgical positions, children's surgical positions are more cautious. The position of children is the most difficult to place and maintain. In order to make the operation go smoothly, proper fixation must be carried out according to the characteristics of the child. For example, special operating frame or fixing belt can not only ensure the smooth intravenous infusion of children, but also prevent the surgical site from being contaminated by agitation. Children are characterized by delicate skin, immature alveoli and weak respiratory movement. Therefore, when placing the body position, the movements should be gentle, the limbs should be wrapped with cotton pads, and the pillows and vulnerable parts should be padded with cotton pads or cotton rings, and the fixation should be safe and firm, so as to avoid side effects and pollution of the surgical site due to agitation. When the child is lying on his side, he must pay attention to avoid chest compression and affect breathing. During the operation, children should be carefully observed and inspected at any time to ensure the safety of children during the operation without accidents.