About renewable resources
On the basis of in-depth analysis of the significance, present situation, existing problems and causes of the sustainable development of China's social economy, this paper analyzes and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the comprehensive development and utilization of China's renewable resources.
Keywords: resources; Recycling; use
introduce
As we all know, resources are the necessary guarantee for human survival on the earth. In order to meet the growing needs of life, human beings continue to strengthen the development and utilization of resources, and even take predatory development means. The exhaustion of resources poses a serious threat to the survival of mankind. How to develop and utilize resources reasonably has become an important and urgent problem that human beings must take seriously.
Entering the 2 1 century, the biggest challenge facing mankind is how to realize the sustainable development of society and economy. At present, China is implementing the 11th Five-Year Plan for national economic and social development, entering a new stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a harmonious society, and moving towards the goal of basically realizing modernization by the middle of 2 1 century. However, in the face of China's severe resource situation, how to realize the coordinated development of population, resources and environment has become the key to ensure the sustainable development of China's economy and society and fully realize a well-off society and a harmonious society. Therefore, how to choose a more reasonable, healthy and energy-saving lifestyle and social and economic development mode, meet more diversified social needs with as little resource consumption as possible, and ensure the comprehensive utilization of renewable resources from the system construction has become a realistic problem that we must face and solve.
Renewable resources are what we usually call waste resources. Its basic definition is: all kinds of wastes (including industrial wastewater, waste gas, waste residue, dust, by-products of agricultural production, such as crop straws, wastes in production and life, such as iron filings, waste paper, waste plastics, etc.) that no longer have the original use value and exist in various forms in the process of social production, circulation and consumption, but can regain their use value through certain recycling methods. Regeneration here actually refers to the recycling of waste resources. The renewability of waste resources in material properties is the basis of its renewable utilization. The recycling of raw materials is the result of industrial technology progress in human society, and it is also the necessary means to ensure the rational development and utilization of natural resources and maintain the recycling of resources, and the inherent requirement of developing circular economy.
The concept of circular economy was developed under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development's basic thought, aiming at promoting environmental protection and rational utilization of resources, and its core is the recycling of resources. When the relevant United Nations organizations put forward the principle of sustainable development in 1980s, they took the sustainable utilization of resources as one of their basic principles, which means that the development and utilization of renewable resources should not exceed their own regeneration and renewal capacity, so as to ensure the stability of the total resources. Non-renewable resources are mainly recycled to reduce resource costs and energy consumption and protect the environment.
Because non-renewable natural resources are limited, and with the development of human society, the demand for natural resources is increasing, which will inevitably lead to the contradiction between the vigorous demand for natural resources and the gradual reduction and shortage of natural resources. The first solution is to improve the utilization rate of natural resources and reduce the consumption of resources through technology development and research, or to develop new alternative resources to meet the needs of social development and people's living standards. Second, actively develop and utilize renewable resources, that is, waste from industrial production, by-products from agricultural and animal husbandry production, and waste and urban garbage generated in people's lives. Through the development and utilization of these renewable resources, we can not only reduce the pressure of social development on the demand for natural resources, but also produce considerable social and economic benefits, and also play a positive role in ecological environment protection. Moreover, from the perspective of sustainable development and scientific development, it is of great significance to actively develop and utilize renewable resources.
L Status of Development and Utilization of Renewable Resources in China
Since 1950s, China has established a recycling system for waste materials in urban and rural areas. However, at present, the recycling market of waste materials in China is rather chaotic, with many links in waste purchase and low prices. Coupled with the improvement of living standards, people's enthusiasm for collecting and selling waste products is not as good as before, resulting in a large number of recyclable waste products being discarded as garbage, which in turn increases the output of municipal solid waste, thus increasing the country's manpower, material resources and financial resources in urban solid waste treatment.
1. 1 formed a recycling system for renewable resources.
Over the years, with the support of a series of national preferential policies, China's renewable resources industry has developed rapidly, initially forming a recycling system of renewable resources with a network all over the country, and has achieved remarkable economic and social benefits.
1.2 The treatment capacity of renewable resources is high, and the recovery amount is doubled.
In recent years, many cities in China began to collect different types of garbage by using trash cans with different colors, and converted domestic garbage into livestock feed, organic fertilizer or fuel for fuel cells. Advanced "garbage power generation" has also been adopted, the recovery and purification capacity of non-ferrous metals and precious metals has also been greatly improved, and the treatment capacity of renewable resources has become increasingly scientific. At the same time, China's annual recycling of waste materials has also increased significantly, which has facilitated people's lives, reduced environmental pollution, provided a large number of recycled materials for industrial production, and made great contributions to the country's economic construction and social development.
1.3 New breakthroughs have been made in the scientific and technological development of renewable resources.
"Research on solid waste recycling technology" was once included in the national key scientific and technological plan, and now 7 topics and 14 topics have been completed. China has also made new breakthroughs in the utilization of recycled lead, recycled aluminum, recycled zinc, scrap iron and waste tires, among which the production and research of recycled lead from waste batteries have made great progress, and the recovery rate is as high as 98%; "6063" or "38" alloy aluminum is prepared by cans; Smelting Al-Si-Fe composite deoxidizer and Al-Mn-Fe composite deoxidizer with waste aluminum can save A00 aluminum by 35%, which has obtained national patent. The fine grinding modification technology of waste tires and its application have also been successful and popularized throughout the country. In addition, China has also made some progress in garbage power generation and heating technology and comprehensive development and utilization technology of crop straw.
2 problems in the development and utilization of renewable resources in China
According to estimates, the value of renewable resources that can be recycled but not recycled in China is about 35-40 billion yuan every year, which shows that there is still considerable potential for the development and utilization of renewable resources in China.
2. 1 Low comprehensive utilization rate and great waste.
At present, the total recovery rate of mineral resources is only about 30%, which is lower than the present situation, existing problems and countermeasures of the development and utilization of renewable resources in China in the world. The average level in Li Jingwei, Hu Yanhua and Hu Richa is 20 percentage points lower. * * * Only one third of the raw ore and associated ore are comprehensively developed, and the comprehensive recovery rate is less than 20%. The main mining abandons the vice, the rich mining abandons the poor, the easy mining abandons the difficult, and even the predatory mining seriously wastes and destroys resources.
2.2 Legal system construction lags behind
Market economy is legal economy. China has systematically carried out comprehensive utilization of resources. Over the years, the state has formulated a series of governments and measures to encourage the comprehensive utilization of resources, but so far there is no national comprehensive utilization law, and the management of comprehensive utilization of resources has not been brought into the track of legal management, which has affected the development of comprehensive utilization of resources to some extent.
2.3 Management is relatively weak
The main manifestations are as follows: the standardization of comprehensive utilization of resources has just started and is still not perfect; The market system for comprehensive utilization of resources is not yet complete, and the waste exchange and trading system has not yet been established; The system of declaration and determination of comprehensive utilization of resources has not yet been established; The statistical index system of comprehensive utilization of resources is not perfect; The information network for comprehensive utilization of resources has not yet been established.
2.4 Insufficient policy support and capital investment
Because comprehensive utilization of resources is a long-term public welfare undertaking, the state should have a long-term and stable preferential tax policy for comprehensive utilization of resources, which should be fixed in an appropriate form under the principle of complying with the tax law. After the implementation of the new tax system, the state has successively introduced preferential policies such as reducing income tax for comprehensive utilization of resources, reducing value-added tax for some products for comprehensive utilization of resources, and reducing value-added tax for waste materials recycling enterprises, but there are still some problems that have not been solved. In addition, the comprehensive utilization of resources is not guaranteed in terms of funds, and the investment is seriously insufficient. At present, there is no special fund to support the comprehensive utilization of resources in China, and the financing channels are not solved, so it is very difficult to raise funds. Therefore, it is difficult to arrange some comprehensive utilization projects with advanced technology and remarkable economic and social benefits.