Tuna Tuna is one of the fastest moving animals in marine fish. Tuna can prey at a speed of about 80 kilometers per hour. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, scientists made a 1.2-meter-long robotic fish named "Charlie" using tuna as a model, and started the test in the sink. Scientists have pushed this discovery to the application of technology.
The tail fin of fish can be used as propulsion power and guidance. Considering this feature, the shape of tuna is analyzed on the computer, and the research results provide a fin propulsion method for surface ships. Moreover, the action of the robot fin has also been improved, and it can swim freely in the corner. Scientists have also studied the skin of tuna, hoping to get better streamlined features.
Salmon Salmon can live in fast-flowing water. Although their sports system is similar to tuna, there are still differences. Salmon can not only control itself freely, but also start at lightning speed, reaching the speed of 14 km/h without moving. Why can they do this? Except for the frequency of wagging its tail, usually the bigger the fish, the longer it is and the faster it swims. Scientists have found that salmon can wag its tail 15 times per second when accelerating. So its bionic value is extremely high.
Penguin Penguin looks clumsy on land, but it is extremely flexible in water. In order to find an ideal streamlined model, scientists put a miniature measuring instrument on the penguin's back and recorded its daily movement distance, depth and speed. In order to take pictures, scientists also installed a special waterway in the Antarctic. Through further experiments, it is found that penguin's movement is different from that of fish, and it almost only relies on fins to propel itself, which shows that penguin's body has evolved into an optimized model with large volume and low resistance. In addition, its body hardly changes shape in water, which makes the model experiment very simple.
Sharks Sharks have lived in the ocean for 350 million years and can reach a high speed of more than 70 kilometers per hour. When scientists examined the skin of deep-sea sharks under a microscope, they accidentally found that shark scales were fan-shaped and had small grooves. However, in the traditional concept, the smoother the surface, the smaller the resistance. Therefore, scientists assembled hundreds of model scales from different angles to form an artificial test surface. The test results show that the friction loss is less than that of smooth surface 10%, and this new discovery immediately finds technical application. This bionic skin is used to wrap the outer surface of Airbus aircraft, which reduces the annual fuel consumption of each aircraft by 350 tons. If this kind of skin is installed on the plane traveling around the world every year, the fuel value saved can reach billions of dollars, and the carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides that cause the greenhouse effect will also be greatly reduced.
Countless marine creatures, after hundreds of millions of years of careful work in the ocean, have forged wonderful skills to adapt to marine life. They are good teachers and friends of human beings and can give people great enlightenment. Exploring their mysteries in depth will provide an inexhaustible source for the development of more advanced technologies. Making full use of the research results of marine bionics will greatly accelerate the historical process of human science and technology industry progress and social development.
In fact, as early as ancient times, people already knew how to imitate creatures. The ship, rudder and paddle were invented by the ancients according to the shape of fish and the fins of fish tail; Even people's swimming skills come from marine life. So far, aren't people used to "breaststroke" and "dolphin swim"? Of course, this is only a simple imitation, not a study of bionics. Only when science and technology are highly developed today can we truly master the "secret recipe" of biology and then become a "good strategy" for developing new technologies.
Clam shells inspired people to build huge thin-shell roofs, and squid inspired the manufacture of water-jet tugboats. The lateral inhibition principle of horseshoe crab eye contributed to the birth of horseshoe crab eye electronic model. Therefore, clear images can be obtained by processing various photos. According to the body shape and skin structure characteristics of dolphins, the underwater parts of submarines, torpedoes and small ships can reduce the resistance by 20% ~ 50%. In addition, the adaptability of marine life to the long-term living ocean has often reached the most economical, effective and reliable level, so it has great attraction to transform human engineering technology. For example, the ability of marine animals to desalinate seawater, the ability of bioluminescence and bioaccumulation, and the ability of diving, communication, positioning and navigation have all become important topics in human bionic research and development.
Bionics is a young science. Its history is only 36 years, but it shows great vitality and has made many valuable contributions. It can be predicted that with the development of human science and technology, her future will be infinite.
Biological evolution has a history of more than 3.5 billion years. The ocean is the cradle of life on earth. The vast ocean, including marine life, has endless mysteries waiting for human beings to reveal. Entering the ocean is a very urgent task for us today. The study of marine bionics will provide a new way for human beings to enter the ocean, a new method for marine research and a new tool for human beings to develop and utilize the ocean.
At present, people pay more and more attention to bionics. It is predicted that 2 1 century will be a century in which the achievements of biological science will be multiplied, and it is an era in which biological science and other science and technology are closely combined, infiltrated and promoted each other. Now, physics has penetrated into the nucleus and elementary particles of matter, and it is still deepening. In biological science, it is far from its essence, and there are still a lot of mysteries waiting for people to reveal.
No matter from the history and achievements of mankind, or from the development and application trend of natural science, the combination of biological science and technical science is inevitable. It can not only promote the development of life science, but also provide a master key for the development of science and technology, making all kinds of mysterious and infinite functions of biology a treasure house of human science and technology. Bionics, especially marine bionics, will play a very important role in this respect.
We believe that in the near future, marine bionics will certainly produce more pleasing exotic flowers and plants and radiate more dazzling brilliance.
Jellyfish is almost entirely composed of water, and its water actually accounts for 98%. There is a large amount of liquid between the molecules that make up its body, from which daily polymer glue can be obtained.
In the eyes of materials scientists, there are many new biomaterials in the ocean. For example, sea cucumbers are usually soft and elastic, but when threatened, their bodies will harden. What makes it like this?
There are a lot of gels in sea cucumber, that is, protein and fat. Fat is also a kind of gel, which exists in various animals, including us. Gel is very common as a material, but it has characteristics that other materials can't provide. For example, a gel can maintain a hard and dry feeling after absorbing 30 times its own volume of water. Now scientists are studying how to make the gel move. You see, this is a polymer leg driven by gel, and the goalkeeper is trying to save the ball because of the movement of gel. Their movement is controlled by a weak current. If the electrodes are changed, the gel will move in the opposite direction.
It looks like a game, but in the future this soft material can be used to drive motors, pumps and valves. It is not sewing needles, rivets or welding that keep nature together. In fact, everything is connected by glue. Adhesive bonding can not only provide good insulation, but more importantly, it can be used faster and easier, and can withstand greater stress than mechanical connection.
Chrysopa uses the glue secreted by the body to quickly stick the eggs to a safe height. The glue he used hardened in a few seconds and the egg was almost still hanging in the air. Compared with artificial glue, this kind of glue has no volatilization of toxic solvent and is absolutely environmentally friendly.
Termites not only use adhesive to build their anthills, but also spray adhesive on their enemies through small tubes in their heads. So people made a working weapon-dry rubber shell according to the same principle. Mussels in the sea have an even more amazing patent for gluing. His own synthetic foot silk can fix himself on rocks and sand like an anchor, which is the insurance of mussel life. This adhesive is very tough and can be hardened underwater. For us humans, its role is self-evident, so scientists have studied it.
Scientists use rubber bands to fix mussels on one side of the glass box, but mussels prefer to use their natural anchors to extend their synthetic feet from their feet.
When mussels form enough foot silk, if collected, the loss is not serious for mussels, because it can produce new foot silk within two hours.
Through the analysis of mussel foot silk and adhesive point, the adhesive protein of mussel was finally separated and a new adhesive was made. When we stuck the metal plate with the prepared biological adhesive, we accidentally found another feature of this adhesive, which is like an invisible armor to protect the metal plate from erosion. How amazing! The ingenious methods provided by the Natural Patent Office are amazing. Although I keep learning from nature, nature won't hand over all its secrets. The secret hidden by every creature is our unexpected wealth.
Bionics of marine animals
Lead ten fish to fight against the current in the opaque sea, and can accurately find obstacles and determine the right direction. These duties are strange. Scientific research shows that these behaviors are completed by fish using lateral lines on their bodies. It is the "sixth sense" system of fish, which consists of thousands of tiny hair cells all over the body. Even in completely dark seawater, the lateral line will respond to the current around the fish body, thus correctly detecting obstacles and animals in the current.
Not long ago, the bionic research team of Illinois State University developed a set of artificial lateral lines that can give robots a "sixth sense", similar to the lateral line system of fish. This artificial lateral line consists of many tiny silicon wafers arranged on the surface, which are similar to hair bundles, and each silicon wafer is connected to an electronic sensor through a micro chain. When the water flows in contact with the silicon beam, the silicon beam will bend due to the different speed of the water flow, so that the sensor can detect the bending angle and direction of the silicon beam, thus helping the robot find the desired direction.