1. The significance and role of civil servants' professional ethics
The professional ethics of civil servants refers to the special moral requirements within the professional scope of national civil servants. It is a moral code and code of conduct that government workers who exercise state administrative functions and powers should follow. It is closely related to administrative work and official activities, has the professional characteristics of civil servants and embodies their own special requirements.
The so-called professional characteristics of civil servants refer to the particularity of civil servants and their professional activities, which are mainly manifested in the following three aspects: First, they are political. When performing official duties, civil servants must obey the will of the state, act in accordance with the laws and policies of the state, and consider the interests of the state everywhere. Second, the responsibility is great. The duty of civil servants is to exercise state administrative power and perform state official duties. Their main tasks are to formulate and implement policies, lead and manage state administrative affairs, coordinate the relations of all social strata, and ensure the normal operation of various industries in the social division of labor system. Third, civil servants have certain powers to lead and manage state administrative affairs and perform their duties.
The particularity of national civil servants' professional activities requires corresponding professional ethics to restrain their behavior. Therefore, this norm has played an important role in adjusting the professional activities of civil servants:
(1) to ensure the smooth completion of civil servants' tasks. In the process of performing official duties and dealing with internal and external relations, civil servants involve the interests of all parties and often have contradictions. Especially under the influence of the exploiting class consciousness, the old bureaucrats' bad habits of striving for power and profit will erode some civil servants, which can be restrained by administrative, economic and legal means, but professional ethics has an irreplaceable special regulating role. Professional ethics can adjust various relationships within the profession and coordinate the behavior of civil servants at all levels through evaluation, instruction, education, guidance, demonstration, encouragement and communication. Professional ethics can also adjust the external relationship of civil servants from their inner beliefs, conscience, obligations and sense of honor, that is, adjust the relationship between civil servants and other members of society, adjust the relationship between civil servants and other occupations, and adjust the relationship between civil servants and the state and society, so that civil servants can consciously obey their personal interests.
(2) Spiritual motivation to motivate civil servants to do their jobs well. Civil servants' professional ethics is a great spiritual motivation, which encourages civil servants to blaze new trails, improve efficiency, complete their jobs with high standards and high quality, and promote the rapid development of socialist modernization with a clear political attitude, full work enthusiasm, unprecedented enthusiasm and creativity, and lofty dedication.
(3) Realizing the basic function of civil servants' self-improvement. According to the requirements of civil servants' professional ethics, it is an important way to improve the quality of civil servants to strengthen their moral concepts, moral cultivation and moral behavior. Because professional ethics is a guide to professional life, it can cultivate the excellent quality of civil servants, shape themselves morally, improve themselves, develop themselves, and clarify their moral responsibilities to themselves and others. The quality of civil servants, the United States emphasizes optimism, courage and justice; Britain emphasizes discipline, trustworthiness, fairness and professional ethics; Our country emphasizes loyalty, justice, honesty and enthusiasm.
(4) the impact on improving the level of social spiritual civilization. The construction of socialist spiritual civilization, in the final analysis, is to grasp the construction of "people" and improve people's ideological and moral quality and scientific and cultural quality. Civil servants occupy a special position in social life, and their words and deeds have a great influence on social atmosphere. Confucius once said: "The politician is righteous, and the son is handsome with righteousness. Who dares to be unjust? " . In other words, leaders take the lead in taking the right path, who dares to take crooked ways? As the saying goes, "top-down weathering, but also top-down walk, top-down walk." Therefore, the professional ethics of civil servants also set a banner for the society, inspiring and guiding the members of the society, which has a great influence on improving folk customs and optimizing social atmosphere.
2. The basic requirements of civil servants' professional ethics
(1) Be loyal to their duties and serve the public wholeheartedly. First, we must safeguard national dignity, wholeheartedly support the government, and be brave in dedication. As civil servants, they should serve the country whenever and wherever they are. Not only should they not say or do anything that harms the interests and dignity of the country and the government, but they should also resolutely fight against these phenomena. Second, we should combine a high degree of work enthusiasm, scientific work attitude and the spirit of hard struggle, and work conscientiously and diligently. All matters within the scope of their duties must be handled in person, and no one else may act as an agent. In case of emergency, you are not allowed to leave your post without permission. Civil servants have great responsibilities. If they are irresponsible and dereliction of duty, they will inevitably bring undue losses to the country and the people and will be punished as they deserve. The third is to enhance a high sense of responsibility for this profession. Sense of honor and pride, do a good job, do a good job. As long as it is beneficial to the country and people, we should not be afraid of difficulties and risks. At present, the competition of comprehensive national strength among countries in the world is fierce, and whether it can catch up with it is related to the success or failure of the socialist motherland. Seize the opportunity, dare to challenge, enhance some awareness of "dare to take risks" and make great strides to catch up as soon as possible. This major issue needs every civil servant.
(2) Seeking truth from facts and making impartial decisions. To this end, we should pay attention to investigation and study and respect objective facts; Be honest, don't exaggerate or shrink; Use power correctly, without favoritism; Adhere to the truth and correct mistakes.
(3) Diligence and integrity. First, we should be thrifty and live a simple life. The ancients said, "Thrift is a virtue." Waste is the greatest evil, that is, thrift is the symbol of all virtues, and luxury is the greatest evil. Second, we should suffer first, then enjoy. We must "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later", so that we can take less, pay more, suffer first, and enjoy later at any time; Public before private, ancestors before yourself. Third, we should be honest and upright, not seek personal gain, not do things for others, take the initiative to give convenience to others, leave difficulties to ourselves, be honest and upright, lead a clean life, and fight against privileged phenomena, unhealthy practices and corruption.
(4) Care for the masses and treat people equally. This is the concrete embodiment of the moral principle of serving the people wholeheartedly. To this end, we should love, respect and trust the people. We should contact the masses, care about their sufferings and do practical things for them. Oppose bureaucracy and subjectivism, respect and protect people's democratic rights, and consciously accept people's criticism and supervision. In addition, we should be generous to others, unite and cooperate, not haggle over personal gains and losses, be good at adopting different opinions, be good at working in solidarity with people who have different or even opposite opinions with ourselves, and establish a good atmosphere of mutual trust, mutual support, mutual understanding and mutual criticism. Qi Xin made concerted efforts to do a good job.
(5) Set an example and abide by the law. Civil servants must strengthen their personal ideological and moral cultivation, strictly demand themselves with standards higher than those of the general public, and what the masses are required to do must be done first; Anyone who asks the masses not to do it will resolutely not do it; Keep your word, don't believe it.
You should keep your word, keep your promise and pay attention to credit. Life should be carefully calculated, and personal material consumption should be frugal and reasonable. We should respect ourselves, safeguard our personality and dignity, and safeguard the independence and firmness of our beliefs. Be an upright person, always remember your "public servant" status, and set an example of being honest and diligent for the people. Strive to be "a noble person, a pure person, a moral person, a person who is free from low tastes and beneficial to the people." It is necessary to cultivate a high sense of responsibility to abide by the law and act according to law, and make it a conscious moral obligation to dare to fight against violations of law and discipline.
(5) code of conduct for confidentiality
1. The significance and function of the code of confidentiality for civil servants
The code of confidentiality is the basic provision and code of conduct for state civil servants to keep state secrets in the course of performing their official duties. This norm is fully reflected in the "Code of Confidentiality for Party and Government Cadres", and the specific contents are as follows: (1) Never tell secrets that should not be told; (2) Never ask the wrong secret; (3) Never read the secrets you shouldn't read; (4) Never record secrets that should not be recorded; (5) Do not record secrets in non-confidential books; (6) Private communication does not involve secrets; (7) Don't talk about secrets in public places with family, children, relatives and friends; (8) Do not store confidential documents and materials in places that are not conducive to confidentiality; (9) Don't use ordinary telephone, ordinary telegram or ordinary post office to transmit secret matters; (10) Don't bring confidential materials for sightseeing, visiting relatives and friends and business trips.
National civil servants not only involve many state secrets in their business scope, but also have access to state secrets in other business fields. Especially in the current situation of deepening reform and opening wider to the outside world, it is of great significance to implement the Code of Conduct for Civil Servants: (1) is conducive to strengthening the struggle against the enemy and consolidating national defense. (2) It is conducive to economic development, further reform and opening up, and promoting the development of science and technology. (3) It is conducive to ensuring social stability.
2. The basic requirements of the code of confidentiality for civil servants.
(l) The confidentiality requirements in the work of the meeting mainly include: reaffirming the confidentiality discipline; Conduct safety inspection on the venue and sound reinforcement equipment; Control the release of confidential documents; Manage confidential documents, materials, notebooks, audio tapes and video tapes.
(2) The confidentiality requirements in clerical work mainly include: the responsibility system, distribution, circulation, inventory, transmission and destruction of confidential documents should be kept strictly confidential and the procedures should be fulfilled.
(3) confidentiality requirements in foreign-related work: there are differences inside and outside, and no secrets are revealed; Strictly guard against eavesdropping and sneak shots; No confidential documents and information, etc.
(4) The confidentiality requirements in economic work mainly include: providing statistical data should be strictly examined and approved; To provide surveying and mapping data, we must adhere to the principle and have batch procedures; Foreign economic activities do not disclose specific policies, plans, figures, measures, etc. ; Introduce capital and technology, and pay attention to ways to ensure smooth channels; The internal research shall not spread to the outside world.
(5) The confidentiality requirements in scientific and technological work mainly include: defining the scope of confidentiality in scientific and technological work; Clarify the level of scientific and technological secrecy and its examination and approval authority; Responsible for patent confidentiality according to specific confidentiality requirements; In order to prevent foreign countries from stealing our scientific and technological secrets, we can't reveal them.
(6) The confidentiality requirements in communication and computer information work mainly include: strictly abide by the requirements of transmitting secret electricity to ensure the safety of communication equipment; Pay attention to the safety of the computer room to prevent the computer confidential information disk from being stolen.
(6) Code of Diplomatic Conduct
With the in-depth development of reform and opening up, China has established diplomatic relations or cooperative relations with most countries in the world, and the foreign affairs activities of Chinese civil servants have become more and more frequent. Moreover, all kinds of foreign affairs activities generally have certain practices, and each country has its own characteristics, and the situation is more complicated. For Chinese civil servants, it is very important to master the principles of foreign affairs activities, be familiar with foreign affairs discipline and etiquette, and adapt their behavior to foreign affairs activities.
1. Principles to be adhered to in foreign affairs activities
(1) Adhere to the Five Principles of Peace. The five principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peace are the basic positions and important principles that civil servants should adhere to in their foreign-related work. Today, the world is under the new historical conditions of rapid changes in the international situation, and China pays more attention to and emphasizes the role and significance of the Five Principles of Peace.
(2) neither supercilious nor supercilious, there are differences inside and outside. Civil servants should adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace in foreign affairs. In foreign affairs, we should be warm, friendly, polite, and adhere to the principle that there are differences between inside and outside, and strictly abide by the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Guarding State Secrets.
(3) Strictly enforce foreign affairs discipline. Foreign affairs discipline should be an important principle for civil servants in foreign affairs activities. If civil servants want to implement this principle well, they must seriously study and study a series of principles and policies of the party and the state on foreign affairs activities, relevant laws, decrees and regulations of the state, and unified external statements on some major issues in a certain historical period.
(4) maintaining national individuality. Civil servants, whether visiting or receiving in China, represent the China government in a broad sense. Civil servants should put the interests of the country and the people first, and in any foreign affairs, they should safeguard the dignity of the country and the nation and safeguard the national character and personality.
2. Behavioral requirements for civil servants' visits
There are two normative requirements for civil servants to visit or perform official duties abroad.
(1) Be familiar with foreign affairs etiquette and respect the customs of various countries. First, we should pay attention to daily communication etiquette, including respecting the customs and habits of visiting countries, being punctual and keeping appointments, respecting the elderly and women, paying attention to words and deeds, and paying attention to smoking occasions. The second is to get a haircut in time, often comb, shave, manicure, cut the nose hair short, and wash the scalp if there is too much dandruff; Pay attention to the cleanliness of clothes, especially collars and sleeves, and wash them frequently; Generally, you should wear dark clothes for grand activities, and the upper and lower colors should be the same. Generally, people should wear black clothes when attending condolence activities. When taking part in activities, you should take off your coat, hat, scarf, gloves and raincoat after entering the door and send them to the clothing storage place for storage. Third, we should pay attention to the etiquette when meeting, including introduction, shaking hands and greeting. Fourth, pay attention to politeness, that is, when speaking in social situations, first find out the identity of the other party; Speak naturally and have a kind attitude; The conversation generally does not involve unpleasant things such as birth, illness, death, etc., and does not directly ask the other person's resume, salary income, family property, clothing price and other private life issues; Speak for yourself and give others the opportunity to express their opinions; Others should also express their personal opinions in time, but don't interrupt casually. When the other person is talking, pay attention, don't be distracted or look at your watch, and don't just say what two people know and ignore the third party. Fifth, pay attention to politeness in banquet activities, including being invited, mastering the time of attendance, taking a seat, talking, toasting, taking off your coat, etc. Sixth, the address should be polite, that is, men are generally called Mr. and women are called Mrs., Ms. and Miss. Married women are called wives, unmarried women are called ladies, and women who don't know their marital status can
Say, ma 'am.
(2) Abide by foreign affairs discipline. First, we must strictly implement the system of asking for instructions and reporting, strictly abide by foreign affairs discipline, obey orders in all actions, and express major international issues to the outside world in line with China's foreign policy. Second, we must strictly abide by state secrets and strictly guard against sneak shots, eavesdropping and disclosure of state secrets. Third, it is generally not allowed to carry internal confidential documents (including printed materials of the unit), internal newspapers or notebooks with internal information abroad. Fourth, it is not allowed to enter or leave improper entertainment places. Fifth, we should take the initiative to introduce to each other the regulations that China generally does not accept foreign gifts. Gifts that are inconvenient to refuse should be properly kept and handled uniformly after returning home. Sixth, it is necessary to implement the foreign affairs expenditure system, pay attention to saving, prevent waste, and not use foreign exchange.
3. Foreign affairs reception requirements
(1) We must adhere to the principle of foreign affairs reception. First, we should arrange reception according to the national conditions and needs. Official visits by foreign heads of state and government are often accompanied by grand welcoming ceremonies. Military leaders should also hold a certain welcoming ceremony when they visit, and other personnel generally do not hold a welcoming ceremony when they visit. However, for invited visitors, whether officials, professional representatives, non-governmental organizations or celebrities, people with corresponding identities should be arranged to see them off at the airport (station, dock). Second, respect the customs of various countries and embody the spirit of equality. For example, Catholics taboo the number "13". Therefore, the number "13" is often not used for the room number and grade of hotels and office buildings we serve abroad. Replace with "14". "13" generally does not hold banquets on that day.
(2) Etiquette requirements in foreign affairs reception. First of all, for foreign tourists, we usually arrange corresponding welcome activities according to their identity, the nature of their visit and the relationship between the two countries. Generally speaking, the identity (mainly refers to the position) of the people we greet foreign guests should be equivalent to that of foreign guests. Foreign guests should arrive at the farewell place at the scheduled time. Second, contact in advance when meeting; Talk with enthusiasm, don't look around and ask foreign guests about their salary, age and marital status; Don't bring confidential documents to the negotiating table. Third, at banquets and cocktail parties, the host should not be too modest. If you invite friends from Europe and America to dinner, you usually just need to say "I hope you have a good appetite" or "Help yourself". When in contact with foreign guests, you should pay attention to civilization and hygiene. When coughing, sneezing and yawning, you should cover your nose and mouth with a handkerchief and turn your face sideways to avoid loud noise.
Don't spit everywhere, spit in handkerchiefs or paper towels.
(7) Language code of conduct
1. The significance and function of the language code of conduct for civil servants
The behavior of national civil servants in performing official duties and other social activities mainly includes two basic aspects: first, behavior; The second is language behavior. Language behavior refers to the way that civil servants spread all kinds of information through oral expression in the process of performing official duties to show their attitude, exercise their functions and powers and handle official duties.
When performing official duties, civil servants should pay attention to the ways and means of speaking, and strive for science and art in the use of language. If the language is used properly, the expected effect can be achieved; On the contrary, it will cause misunderstanding or unhappiness, and even cause adverse consequences. Therefore, learning language science and mastering language art should be one of the compulsory courses for every civil servant. In social life, people often judge people by their words, and bad words will affect a person's social life and even career prospects; Touching words help you open the door to success. In communication, speech barriers will make people lack vitality and reduce authority and persuasiveness. If civil servants can master the language well and have agile thinking ability, they will become experts in communicating information in modern society. He is eloquent and fluent in answering, which can better meet the needs of communication occasions of reform and opening up. Since 1988, China has established an annual work assessment system for leading cadres of the party and government, which is evaluated from ten aspects, one of which is "oral expression ability". The assessment of language expression ability has formed a system, and every civil servant should work hard on language use.
2. Basic requirements of language norms for civil servants
(1) standard, applicable. The so-called standardization and applicability means that the language mastered by civil servants should be both standardized and applicable, and only by choosing the language reasonably according to the users can good language effects be achieved. In areas with a large Han population, civil servants should study and study Putonghua hard, and strive for standardization and standardization. On this basis, according to the need and possibility, practice and master some related Chinese dialects, and strive to use them freely. In short, while pursuing language standardization, we should also emphasize the applicability of language, so that it varies from person to person and from nation to nation.
(2) accurate and concise. Accurate and concise language of civil servants is the need of administrative organs to deal with daily complex affairs, which is conducive to improving the work efficiency of government organs and the prestige of the government. It requires that the speed of speech is appropriate; The volume control depends on the place, the occasion and the number of listeners, but it must be emphasized that the speech should be clear and powerful, avoiding hoarse, dull and threatening voices.
(3) Elegant logic. It means that when answering questions, expressing ideas and clarifying policies, civil servants should conform to certain linguistic logic rules, that is, they should think carefully and express clearly to improve the efficiency of administrative work; The content should be rich, profound, distinctive and novel; In the form of expression, it is required to reflect the elegant characteristics of strictness, affection, will and beauty. "Strict" refers to the seriousness and solemnity of language; "Emotion" means that language should have feelings for people; "Meaning" means that language should be able to express meaning properly; "Beauty" is a beautiful word in language.
(4) Overcoming language diseases and language bans. First of all, we must overcome language problems, mainly hoarse, sharp, intermittent and dull nasal sounds; The second is to overcome the problems in action, such as locking eyebrows, pulling ears with hands, touching chin, scratching scalp, picking nostrils, rubbing sweat, biting lips and shaking legs. Third, we should overcome the taboos in conversation, that is, point your finger at each other or touch their heads, speak in a questioning tone, look at each other, look at your watch when you speak, or do other things, talk about other people's shortcomings and privacy, and so on.
(5) The artistry of using language. It means that civil servants should pay attention to art, explore and follow the objective laws and application laws of language science, and deal with them flexibly according to different occasions, objects and contents of the conversation, so as to make the conversation decent and vivid and the language reasonable and efficient.
(8) Instrument code of conduct
1. The meaning and function of civil servants' code of conduct
The norms of civil servants' appearance and behavior are the general names of etiquette, manners, appearance and manners embodied by civil servants in the process of performing official duties. The code of appearance behavior originates from many theoretical fields and has a deep social foundation. Its specific content is: (1) courtesy. Politeness is the code of conduct for people to show respect and friendship in their interactions. Etiquette is a common form in which people greet each other, wish and sympathize with each other and give necessary help and care in their daily work and life, especially in official communication occasions. (2) ceremony. Refers to the code of conduct that civil servants should follow when performing some official duties belonging to group activities. (3) appearance and posture. Refers to the basic requirements for decoration and posture when performing official duties. (4) clothing. This refers to the basic dress requirements of civil servants when performing official duties. (5) behavior. Refers to the basic normative requirements of civil servants' behavior or action when performing official duties.
Good manners of national civil servants can adjust the relationship between people and between people and society, maintain the normal operation of social life and correctly perform the administrative functions of the country, so it is of great significance:
(1) is conducive to reflecting the image of the government. All official activities of civil servants, whether political, economic, legal or administrative, are serious. In order to reflect this seriousness, among other requirements, civil servants are also required to behave in a dignified manner to reflect the image of serving the people wholeheartedly.
(2) It is conducive to improving the quality of civil servants. The good quality cultivation of civil servants not only includes high theoretical cultivation, high talent, noble moral character and rich spiritual world, but also pays attention to appearance and manners, so that their internal cultivation is consistent with their external appearance.
(three) to improve the social moral level, improve the social atmosphere has an important demonstration role. Civil servants are different from occupations that focus on things, and they work for a wide range of people, including people from all fields and levels of society, so they have great influence and have high requirements for setting an example. Therefore, it is of great significance for civil servants to pay attention to their manners and etiquette for improving social atmosphere and social moral cultivation.
2. The basic requirements of civil servant etiquette.
(1) Appearance and behavior when performing official duties. First, we should do it in our daily work, arrive at the meeting on time, make an appointment before visiting, make an agreement and keep promises, sit gracefully, stand naturally and be polite to colleagues. Second, when introducing or saying goodbye to each other, we should respect customs, introduce ourselves modestly and address others appropriately. Third, clothing, clothing should be simple and generous, in line with personal characteristics and occasions, with a certain sense of solemnity. Fourthly, we should be hospitable, polite, generous and flexible in our reception activities.
(2) Manners at other times, such as dress in public places, should be tailored to local conditions, pay attention to manners, be self-disciplined and keep quiet; Have a friendly atmosphere when eating, don't persuade wine to prevent rude things from happening; Pay attention to politeness and cleanliness when smoking, and consciously ban smoking in places with the words "No Smoking" or "Smoking Room".