1. The staple food of diabetic patients is generally rice and flour. Coarse grains such as oats, cereals and corn flour contain more inorganic salts and vitamins, and are also rich in dietary fiber, which has the function of lowering blood sugar and is conducive to controlling blood sugar.
2. The protein source of diabetic patients is soybean and its bean products. On the one hand, its protein is of good quality; On the other hand, it contains no cholesterol and has the function of lowering blood fat, so it can replace some animal foods, such as meat.
3. When diabetics are still hungry during calorie control, they can eat vegetables with less sugar, add some seasonings after boiling with water, and they can eat. Vegetables are essential foods for diabetics because of their high dietary fiber, high water content, low thermal energy and strong satiety.
4. Foods forbidden to eat include: white sugar, red pond, glucose and sugary sweets, such as candy, cakes, jam, candied fruit, ice cream and sweet drinks. In addition, there are potatoes, yams, taro, lotus roots, garlic sprouts, carrots and so on. , containing more carbohydrates, using less after eating or reducing the corresponding staple food.
5. Lard, butter, foreign oil, cream, butter, etc. Those rich in saturated fatty acids are seldom used, so it is better not to use them. Vegetable oil can be used instead of some animal oil. Peanuts, walnuts, sesame seeds and melon seeds also contain a lot of fat. Try not to eat or eat less or reduce oil intake.
6. Egg yolk and viscera of animals such as liver, brain and waist contain quite high cholesterol and should be used as little as possible or not.
7. Fruit contains glucose and fructose, which can raise blood sugar, so when blood sugar and urine sugar are relatively stable, fasting blood sugar.
8. Alcohol, mainly containing alcohol, has high heat production and few other nutrients, so it is not suitable for drinking.
9. In addition to controlling the total calories, the diet of diabetic patients should also be diversified, but due to the limitation of sugar and salt, the taste of dishes is relatively single. In view of this, there are many sweeteners in the market that do not produce heat and do not contain any nutrients, such as stevia and sweet sugar. In recent two years, there is a kind of sweetener, proteoglycan, which is composed of amino acids, has no fever and side effects, and is an ideal sweetener at present, such as Newt sugar, yuanzhen sugar and so on.
10, for insulin-dependent patients, it is also necessary to strictly implement diet control under the guidance of doctors and nutritionists. For obese diabetic patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease, in addition to strict diet control, animal viscera, egg yolk, roe and so on. Animal oils such as butter, lard and butter are strictly controlled, and saturated fatty acids are not good for preventing atherosclerosis.
1 1. For diabetic patients with renal insufficiency, besides controlling the total calories, we should also pay attention to the intake of less salt, no salt or less sodium and less protein according to the condition. Protein's supply should not be too high, avoid soy products. For uremia, a low-protein diet should be adopted. Protein takes about 30 grams a day. Wheat starch should be used as staple food instead of rice, flour and protein to supply high-quality protein, such as milk, eggs and lean meat.
Prevent rheumatism
1, strengthen exercise and enhance physical fitness.
It is of great benefit to take part in physical exercise regularly, such as health gymnastics, Qigong, Tai Ji Chuan, broadcast gymnastics, walking and so on. People who insist on physical exercise are physically strong, have strong disease resistance, seldom get sick, and their ability to resist the invasion of cold and dampness is much stronger than those who have never exercised.
2. Avoid wind, cold and humidity.
Spring is the time when everything germinates, and it is also the season of rheumatoid arthritis. So be cold-proof, rain-proof, moisture-proof, pay attention to the warmth of joints, and don't wear wet clothes and shoes and socks. Summer is hot, don't be greedy for cold dew, drink cold drinks, etc. The climate in autumn is dry, but the autumn wind is cool and the weather turns cold, so we should prevent it from catching cold. It's freezing in winter, so keeping warm is the most important thing.
3. Pay attention to the combination of work and rest
Reasonable diet, regular life and the combination of work and rest are the main measures to strengthen health care. Clinically, although the condition of some patients with rheumatoid arthritis is basically controlled, they are in the recovery period of the disease, which is often aggravated or recurred due to fatigue. Therefore, work and rest should be combined, and exercise and rest should be moderate.
4. Maintain a normal mental state
Some patients are induced by mental stimulation, excessive sadness and depression. After suffering from this disease, mood swings often aggravate the condition. All these suggest that mental (or psychological) factors have certain influence on this disease. Therefore, maintaining a normal mental state is very important for maintaining the normal immune function of the body.
5. Prevention and control of infection
Some rheumatoid arthritis occurs after suffering from infectious diseases such as tonsillitis, pharyngolaryngitis, sinusitis, chronic cholecystitis and dental caries. It is believed that this disease is caused by the immune response of human body to these infected pathogens. Therefore, it is also important to prevent infection and control the focus of infection in the body.
Diet therapy for rheumatism
Rheumatism not only refers to muscle and joint pain caused by wind, dampness and cold. Specifically, rheumatic diseases refer to special mucus that flows from the brain to joints and causes pain. Including all diseases that invade the musculoskeletal system, such as joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, bursa of fabricius and other tissues, with pain as the main manifestation. No matter what causes the disease, it is listed here. Of course, the etiology or inducement can include environmental factors such as wind, humidity and cold, as well as infection, immune dysfunction, endocrine disorders, metabolic abnormalities, family inheritance, degenerative diseases and so on.
Diet therapy for rheumatism
Dietotherapy 1: glutinous rice and yam pork tripe soup: firstly, wash the pork tripe 1 piece, then add 30g of glutinous rice, 5g of Amomum villosum and fresh yam 100g into the pork tripe, add 6 cups of water, tie the pork tripe tightly with hemp rope, put it in a pot, add appropriate amount of water and stir-fry it for about two hours, then take out the pork tripe, remove the residue, and remove it.
Diet II: Coix seed and bitter melon porridge: Cut fresh bitter gourd 100 ~ 150g into small pieces, cook Coix seed 30g, cogongrass rhizome 30g, adzuki bean 90g and polished rice 60g together, and eat on an empty stomach, once a day 1 ~ 2 times.
Foods that may aggravate the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis
1. High fat: In the process of oxidation, fat can produce ketone bodies, and excessive ketone bodies have a strong stimulating effect on joints. It is not advisable to eat more high-fat foods, such as milk and fat, and put less oil when cooking and cooking soup.
2. Seafood: Patients should not eat more scale-free fish and seafood, such as catfish, loach, eel, kelp, sea cucumber, marine fish and shrimp. Because they contain uric acid, they can form urate crystals in the joints after being absorbed by the human body, which makes the joint symptoms worse.
3. Too acidic and salty: If the intake of acidic foods such as peanuts, liquor, sugar, chicken, duck, fish and eggs exceeds the normal pH value in the body, the pH value in the body will be temporarily high, and lactic acid secretion will increase, consuming a certain amount of calcium and magnesium plasma in the body and aggravating symptoms. Similarly, if you eat salty food such as pickles, salted eggs and salted fish. , it will increase sodium ions in the body and aggravate the symptoms of patients.
The common diseases of rheumatism include autoimmune connective tissue disease, systemic vasculitis, osteoarthrosis and so on. Etiology is often related to autoimmunity and heredity. The clinical manifestations are often fever, joint pain and swelling, rash, muscle pain, Raynaud's syndrome and so on. And the condition is often very complicated.
Family nursing care of rheumatoid arthritis
Psychological nursing: Rheumatoid disease has a long course, which often leads to joint deformity and functional loss. Patients have a heavy mental burden, think that the disease is difficult to cure, or even give up treatment and let it develop, resulting in complete loss of work ability. For this kind of psychological obstacle, we must do patient and meticulous counseling work, take the initiative to care for and help them, and let patients establish confidence and perseverance in overcoming the disease. At the same time, family members should let patients know the etiology, pathology, current treatment methods and curative effects of rheumatoid arthritis; In order to better cooperate with the treatment.
Regulating diet: Because rheumatoid patients use drugs all the year round, and most drugs have strong irritation to gastrointestinal tract, they advocate eating less and more meals, mainly foods with high protein, vitamins and high energy, and should eat eel, duck, bone marrow, fish, lean meat and chestnut. Avoid eating cold and spicy food, avoid overeating, so as not to damage the digestion and absorption function of the spleen and stomach.
Instructive exercise: Patients in acute stage should stay in bed, then gradually strengthen their activities and take appropriate physical exercise, such as walking, kicking stairs, playing Tai Ji Chuan, jogging, qigong and rehabilitation training. Heavier patients need to exercise their joints in bed, such as traction and stretching, to prevent muscle atrophy and joint stiffness; The second is to avoid premature decalcification; Third, it helps to reduce inflammation and improve blood circulation; The fourth is to improve the body function and promote the recovery of joint function. But be careful not to rush, and don't rush, so as not to damage the joints. Pay attention to cold and moisture.
Take medicine on time: regularity, regularity, timeliness and sufficiency are the most important. When using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, indomethacin, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine and other immunosuppressants, the hemogram should be checked regularly to prevent bone marrow suppression and liver and kidney function damage.