Agkistrodon halys
(Bielu)
Synonymous gnat (Book of Songs), anti-nose (Classic Interpretation), native gnat (Puji Fang), anti-nose snake (Compendium), Bifei.
The source is Agkistrodon halys, an animal of Agkistrodon halys.
Agkistrodon halys in animal form
The total length is 54 ~ 8cm. The head is triangular; The snout is round, and the snout scale is slightly wider than the height. The scale between the nose is wide, and its posterior margin is inclined to the lateral side. The forehead scale is large and the length and width are slightly equal; The length of the forehead scale is equal to the length of the suture line between the two parietal scales: the length of the parietal scale is equal to the sum of the forehead scale plus 1/2 of the forehead scale. The supraocular scale is longer than the frontal scale and smaller than the cranial scale. The nostril is located between two nasal scales, and the anterior nasal scale is twice as large as the posterior nasal scale. There are 2 scales in front of eyes, 2 ~ 3 scales behind eyes, 1 scale under eyes, and the front end is connected with the third upper lip scale. 7 pieces of upper lip scale, the third piece into the eye; There are 1 scales of the lower lip, and the first 4 scales are connected with the forehead scales. The anterior chin scales are large and stand side by side; The posterior chin scales are small, separated from the left and right, with a pair of small scales in the middle; There are about 5 pairs of small scales between the posterior chin scale and the first abdominal scale. Body scales are ridged, usually 23 ~ 21 ~ 17 rows. 138 ~ 168 pieces of abdominal scales; Single anal scale; 28 ~ 56 pairs of scales under the tail. The back is dark brown, and there are about 3 dark brown spots on each side. The markings on both sides are often connected in the middle of the back. The top of the head is grayish brown, with a wide black-brown stripe from the back of the eye to the corner; The upper and lower lips and the ventral surface of the head are pale yellow. The ventral surface is grayish white with scattered black spots, and sometimes it is all grayish black. The tail is short and burnt yellow.
It lives in plain or low mountain areas, and is often coiled or twisted into waves. Predating rats, frogs, lizards, birds, insects, etc. Highly toxic. It is distributed in northern and central China.
This animal's skin (Agkistrodon halys skin), bone (Agkistrodon halys bone), gall (Agkistrodon halys gall), fat (Agkistrodon halys fat) and molting (Agkistrodon halys molting) are also used for medicine, with detailed articles for each.
capture in spring and summer. After catching, disembowelling and drying.
chemical constituents the following components have been isolated and purified from Agkistrodon halys venom: bleeding factors HR-ⅰ and HR-ⅱ, protease b, bradykinin releasing enzyme, two bradykinin destroying enzymes and enhancer e. HR-I may be its main virulent strain, containing 12% neutral sugar and isoelectric point of 4.7. It is an acidic glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 85,. HR-I has been highly purified; But it is inseparable from protease B, and it is also a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 95,. Protease b is a peptide bond-breaking enzyme, containing 2 grams of atom Ca/mol；; After Ca removal, the molecular configuration changes and protease activity is lost; The reaction is irreversible. Strong ratio factor E is an 11-peptide, and its primary structure has been proved by chemical synthesis.
pharmacological action crude snake venom has complicated components and functions. It is generally believed that Agkistrodon halys venom is a mixture of blood circulation and nerve with blood circulation as the main poison. The bitten patient is swollen and painful except for the local appearance; Due to neurotoxicity, chills, mushy eyes, drooping eyelids and neck traction often occur, and of course, more importantly, it causes breathing difficulties such as double inhalation, breath holding, nodding or fish-like breathing. Respiratory paralysis is the main cause of early death. Animal experiments also prove that Agkistrodon halys venom has obvious neurotoxic effect. On the other hand, Agkistrodon halys venom has obvious blood circulation, and artificial respiration alone cannot prolong the survival time of animals. Clinical patients often have severe toxic shock symptoms such as pallor, excessive sweating, increased heart rate, cold limbs and decreased blood pressure. Although some people think that Jiangsu Agkistrodon halys venom is mainly neurotoxic (according to their observation, respiratory paralysis is the main symptom and the cause of death), it is generally believed that blood circulation is the main one. It can release a large number of vasoactive substances such as histamine, 5- hydroxy glue and bradykinin, destroy red blood cells, increase capillary permeability, make a lot of plasma and body fluids lose, and the blood volume is insufficient. What is more serious is the direct damage to the heart. The electrocardiogram of the bitten patient has sinus arrhythmia, ectopic rhythm and sharp P wave. The changes of R wave low voltage, conduction block, S-T segment decline, T wave flattening or inversion are related to the autopsy situation of experimental animals after poisoning death-myocardial hemorrhage, myocardial fibrosis and rupture. It can be considered that the toxicity of Agkistrodon halys venom to the heart is the main cause of death caused by circulatory failure. Due to shock, hemolysis and direct damage to various organs (such as kidney), acidosis and acute renal failure may occur. Patients with severe bites often have soy sauce colored urine and urine protein, cast and occult blood are positive. Prevention and treatment of infection is also a very important issue.
The snake venom of Bambusa bambusae and Turtle Flower is also a mixed poison mainly based on blood circulation. Generally, local symptoms are severe, while systemic symptoms are mild. If timely and correct rescue can be carried out, the mortality rate is low.
processing Agkistrodon halys cream: take Agkistrodon halys, calcine it and grind it into powder.
it is sweet, warm and poisonous.
① compendium of materia medica: "there is a little poison."
② Compendium: "Sweet, warm and poisonous."
③ Ben Jing Feng Yuan: "It's hot and poisonous."
it is mainly used to dispel wind and attack poison. Treat leprosy, furuncle, stubborn skin, scrofula and hemorrhoid.
① Bielu: "Brewing wine to treat dysentery, fistulas, abdominal pain and lower stagnation of qi."
② Theory of Medicinal Properties: "Treating five hemorrhoids, purging blood due to intestinal wind."
③ Addendum to Compendium: "Treating wind arthralgia."
usage and dosage for oral administration: soak in wine or burn and grind into powder. External use: soaking in oil, wine stains or burning powder.
recipe ① cures gale and other evils, malignant sores, scrofula, stubborn skin, hemiplegia, and serious diseases among the skin, hands, feet and viscera: a viper. In the living container, throw it with a bucket of alcohol, bury it in the drowning place of the horse, and open it after the anniversary. The smell of alcohol still exists and the snake has been digested. However, after taking a liter, you should feel that you are practicing hard and taking other drugs is no longer effective. There are also small poisons, which cannot be taken suddenly. (compendium of materia medica)
② cure white gall: a big viper. Don't make the wound, use wine to stain it, the big one fights, the small one is five liters, use chaff fire to warm it, order it, find an inch of snake, and use the twelfth lunar month pig cream to apply the wound. (Behind the Elbow)
③ The treatment of tetanus is urgent, the mouth can't be opened, the mouth is skewed, and the limbs are flaccid: one snake (head, tail, intestine, skin, bone, vinegar-baked), one dragon five strip (vinegar-baked) and one rhizoma arisaematis (three points heavier, cannon). The top is the end, and the noodles and pills are cooked in vinegar, such as mung beans. Take three to five pills each time, add ginger wine, add thin onion porridge, and sweat out. ("Puji Fang" Tianxing Pill)
④ Treatment of common swelling and toxin, long-lasting wound ulceration, etc.: Agkistrodon halys, removing its head and tail, laparotomy and bowel removal, filing, soaking in oil, slightly steaming for use after 5 days, and external application. (Agkistrodon halys oil in "adjusting treasures in surgery")
⑤ Park the back with an Agkistrodon halys and a catty of sesame oil. First, put the sesame oil flag in a porcelain jar, then put the Agkistrodon halys into the pot, seal it, bury it underground, take it out after a hundred days, dry it in the sun, pound it into a paste and apply it to the affected area. (Jilin Chinese Herbal Medicine)
⑤ Treatment of stomach spasm: Agkistrodon halys, soaked in wine for more than one year, drink a cup before each meal, three times a day, and it is effective for 2 consecutive days. (Folk Medicine for Animals and Plants)
⑦ Treatment of legacy drowning: a money for a viper is worth two cents for a chicken's tongue. The first two flavors are fine, and the white soup is served. Seven to fifteen years old, five points for each service; One yuan for each service over 15 years old. (New Compendium of Materia Medica)
Clinical application in the treatment of leprosy and leprosy reaction
It is effective to treat all kinds of leprosy with Agkistrodon halys wine, especially those treated with sulfonamides. According to the observation of 47 cases treated for 6 months, the general conditions such as spirit, weight and appetite have improved, skin reaction has subsided or improved, consciousness has recovered or improved, ulcer has shrunk and sexual function has improved; In pathological changes, the infiltration of inflammatory cells decreased, and bacterial examination disappeared or decreased. Another 1 patients with advanced tumor leprosy were treated with Agkistrodon halys wine alone, and the results showed that 3 cases were effective, 5 cases were effective and 2 cases were ineffective. Effective cases began to soften, absorb and subside the skin nodules 1-2 weeks after taking the medicine, regained consciousness, and decreased cell infiltration and bacteria detection. There is no uniform specification for the preparation of Agkistrodon halys. The following methods have been tried: 1. Take a large (about 6-7 years) live Agkistrodon halys, put it in 1ml of 6 sorghum distilled liquor and get drunk, add 5 yuan of ginseng, cover it tightly, put it in a cold place, soak it for 3 months and take the wine for oral administration, once or twice a day, with 5-1ml each time. Second, draw the venom of live Agkistrodon halys in a glass dish, add it to 1 ml of 6 sorghum wine, and take the wine after 1 month, once or twice a day, 2 ~ 3 ml each time. (3) Take a fresh tail of Agkistrodon halys and ginseng for 5 yuan, soak it in 2ml of 12 yellow rice wine, take it after 3 months, and take it once a day before going to sleep, 5ml each time, sweating and going to bed. (4) Take a live viper, kill it, put it in a drying box, dry it for 12 hours, grind it into powder, soak it in 5 ml of 6 sorghum distilled liquor, and take it twice a day after 1-3 months, with 5-1 ml each time; Or take 5 grams of powder and send it once with 3 ml of yellow wine. In addition, 5 ~ 1g of Agkistrodon halys powder was taken with yellow wine before going to sleep (liquid detoxification was supplemented during taking) for 3 ~ 4 days to treat 15 cases of leprosy nodular reaction. As a result, 12 cases of reaction symptoms disappeared, 2 cases improved and 1 case was ineffective. Remind you: Agkistrodon halys, a Chinese herbal medicine, comes from the Internet. Please follow the doctor's advice before using it.