When did solar energy begin to be used?

The development of solar water heater technology can be traced back to 1958 in China. Tianjin University has 12.6 square meters of solar bathrooms. To 1973 world energy crisis and seek renewable energy, China began to increase the research and development and production of solar collectors from the end of 1970s. 1979 or so, some units in China have developed all-glass vacuum tube collectors. Tsinghua University insisted on the physical background of applying electric vacuum. The structure is a slender greenhouse, but there is a selective absorption coating on the inner glass tube. Tsinghua University's invention patent is aluminum-nitrogen/aluminum solar selective absorption coating, which is the first in the world to prepare ceramic films with low infrared emissivity, aluminum-aluminum nitride absorbing sunlight and desalted aluminum antireflection films by magnetron sputtering with single aluminum cathode. The collector using vacuum tube can be used in cold and low solar radiation, which is very suitable for many climates. This is a selective absorption coating structure. Each absorption layer is only 10 to 30 nm, and the low emission layer is 150 nm. If we want to reach the level of scientific research, the output will be cut by half. As for solar photothermal power generation, I omit this part. It concentrates low-density solar energy, generates high-temperature medium by concentrating, and promotes traditional power generation equipment to generate electricity. Development of solar thermal utilization industry. After breaking through the core technology of solar selective absorption coating, the medium with better performance and price is produced through Industry-University-Research combination. From 20065438+0 to 2006, the solar thermal utilization industry developed rapidly. In 2006, its sales amounted to nearly 30 billion yuan, providing more than 600,000 jobs. In 2005, the installed capacity of solar water heaters in China was 77% of that in the world. Vacuum tubes account for more than 90% of the world's total output, borosilicate glass accounts for about 70% of the world's total output, and getter accounts for about 95% of the world's total output. It is used for about 65.438+0.9 billion vacuum heat collection tubes and 0.9 billion picture tubes every year. A large number of picture tubes are produced in China, and getters are also produced in China. We are ahead in three aspects. Form a supporting industrial chain. 300,000 tons of glass, of which 280,000 tons are used for vacuum tubes. Vacuum tube coating production line and supporting equipment 1000, with a production capacity of 200 million, equipped with solar water heaters of about 20 million square meters and supporting equipment. Some key enterprises have carried out technological transformation and improved their equipment level and conditions.