Nikola Tesla (1856-1943), born on July 10, 1856, is a world-renowned inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer and electrical engineer. Of Serbian descent, he was born in Croatia (later incorporated into the Austrian Empire). Tesla is considered an important inventor in history. He made outstanding contributions to electricity and magnetism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His patents and theoretical work on modern alternating current power (AC) systems, including polyphase power distribution systems and AC motors, helped usher in the Second Industrial Revolution.
Tesla was born into a Serbian family in a village called Smilian. The village is located near Gospic, Lika District, in the Austrian Empire (now the Republic of Croatia). His baptismal record proves that he was born on June 28, 1856 (July 10 in the Gregorian calendar). His father's name is Rev. Milutin Tesla, a priest in the Serbian Orthodox Church in the Sremski Karlovci Diocese. His mother's name was ?uka, the daughter of a Serbian Orthodox priest and was very good at making household hand tools. She could memorize many Serbian epic poems, but she never learned to read. His godfather, Jovan Drenovac, was an army captain who defended the military frontier. Tesla was one of five children, with a brother (Dane, who died in a horse riding accident when Nikolai was five years old) and three sisters (Milka, Angelina and Marica). In 1862 his family moved to Gospici. Tesla attended school in Karlovac, Croatia, and studied electrical engineering at the Technical University of Graz in Austria in 1875. There he studied the applications of alternating current. At least two sources indicate that he received his bachelor's degree from the University of Graz. However, his school claimed that he never received a degree and that he only attended the first semester of his freshman year and stopped attending classes during that period. Others said he was forced to drop out because he couldn't afford his first semester's tuition. According to his college roommate, Tesla never graduated. In 1878, he left Graz and severed all ties with his family. He went to Maribor, Slovenia, where he was first employed as an assistant engineer for a year. During this period he suffered from neurasthenia. His father had been urging him to return to the Charles Ferdinand University branch of the University in Prague, so he went there to study for the summer semester in 1880. However, after his father died, he left the university after only one semester.
France and the United States
In 1882, he went to Paris, France, to work as an engineer for the Edison Company, designing and improving electrical appliances. In the same year, Tesla invented the induction motor and began to develop various devices using rotating magnetic fields (patented in 1888). Soon after, Tesla hurriedly left Paris when he learned that his mother was critically ill. Her mother died a few hours after arriving in April 1882. Her last words before her death were: "At last you are here, Nikolai, my pride." When she died, Tesla fell ill. He spent two or three weeks recuperating in Chats and Gospi?, his mother's birthplace. In 1884, Tesla set foot on the United States for the first time and came to New York. He had almost nothing except a letter of recommendation from his former employer, Charles Batchelor. This letter was written to Thomas Edison, and the letter mentioned: "I know two great men, you are one of them, and the other is this young man." Edison hired Tesla and arranged for him to Worked at Edison Machinery Company. Tesla began to design simple electrical appliances for Edison. He made rapid progress and soon solved some of the company's very difficult problems. Tesla was solely responsible for the redesign of Edison's DC motor. In 1919, Tesla wrote: "Edison offered him a staggering $50,000 (the equivalent of $1 million today (2006), adjusted for inflation) if he completed improvements to the motor and generator. )". Tesla said his work lasted nearly a year and resulted in nearly a complete redesign of the generator, allowing Edison to reap huge profits and new patent rights. When Tesla asked Edison for $50,000, Edison reportedly replied: "Tesla, you don't understand our American humor," thereby breaking his promise.
The amount of this bonus was equivalent to the company's founding capital, and with Tesla's salary of $18 per week at the time, he would have to work for 53 years to earn it. He resigned after Tesla's request for a raise to $25 a week was rejected. Tesla eventually discovered that he was just selling his physical strength in Edison's company, but during this time, he began to focus on the design of alternating current systems.
Midlife
In 1886, Tesla founded his own company, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing. Investors disagreed with Tesla's plans for an alternator and eventually ousted him from his position. From 1886 to 1887, Tesla worked as an ordinary laborer in New York, both to make ends meet and to accumulate funds for his next engineering project. In 1887, he assembled the earliest brushless alternating current induction motor and demonstrated it to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in 1888. That same year (1888), he developed the principles of the Tesla coil and began working with George Westinghouse in the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's laboratories in Pittsburgh. Westinghouse listened to his idea of ??using a polyphase system to transmit alternating current over long distances. In his early research, Tesla developed many experiments to generate X-rays. Tesla believed that using his circuit, "my instrument can produce X-rays with much greater energy than ordinary instruments can produce." He also talked about using his circuit and single-node X-rays Hazards arising from the operation of the equipment. In his many accounts investigating this phenomenon, he attributed many causes of skin lesions. He believes that early skin damage is not caused by X-rays, but is caused by the production of ozone in contact with the skin and contact with some nitrous acid. Tesla mistakenly believed that X-rays were longitudinal waves. Tesla completed some experiments before Roentgen confirmed his findings (including taking X-rays of his hands, which he later sent to Roentgen), but did not make his findings known, and most of his research documents It was destroyed in a laboratory fire on Fifth Avenue in March 1895. Tesla's generator was improved by Tesla in 1895, taking into account liquid air. Tesla knew, based on the discoveries of William Thomson (Kelvin), that liquid air absorbs more heat when it reliquefies and can be used to drive things than theoretically produced. Tesla demonstrated wireless energy transmission as early as 1891, and the Tesla Effect (in honor of Tesla) is the term used to describe this type of electrical conductivity application (i.e. the movement of energy through space and objects is not just like an electric current passing through a conductor).
Edit this paragraph Colorado became famous
In 1889, Tesla decided to move to Colorado Springs, Colorado, where he had a place to conduct high-frequency and high-voltage experiments, and Start doing research there. Shortly after arriving, he told French reporters that he was experimenting with wireless transmission of signals from Pikes Peak (a nearby mountain) to Paris. Tesla's diary contains experimental descriptions of his experiments related to the ionosphere and underground geocurrents propagating through longitudinal or transverse waves. In the laboratory, Tesla proved that the earth is an electrical conductor and created artificial lightning (the discharge of electricity was millions of volts, and the longest one was 135 feet long). Tesla also studied atmospheric electricity, observing lightning signals he received using a receiver. It can be seen from the replica that Tesla's receiver and metal detector circuits have unexpected complexity (such as decentralized high-Q spiral oscillator tubes, radio wave feedback, original heterodyne effect and regeneration techniques). Tesla claimed that he observed standing waves at this time. In a Colorado laboratory, he "recorded" what he believed to be radio waves from outer space, but his claims and data were rejected by the scientific community. He mentioned that the data from his receiver contained repetitive signals that were essentially different from the signals obtained from lightning and soil disturbances that he had already mentioned. He later reiterated more explicitly that the signals appeared in groups of one, two, three and four. Tesla spent the rest of his life trying to send messages to Mars.
In 1996, Coram published an analysis of plasma toroidal surface signals on Jupiter, which pointed out that the Martian subsidence in Colorado was consistent with the signal cessation of Jupiter in the summer of 1889 when Tesla was still there.
Edit this paragraph Nikolai’s later years
In 1900, Tesla took 150,000 US dollars (51% from J.P. Morgan) to start planning Waldencliff Tower. In July 1902, Tesla's research was moved from Houston Street to Waldencliff Tower. The tower was eventually demolished and scrapped during World War I. Newspapers of the time called Waldencliff Tower "Tesla's million-dollar building." In 1904, the U.S. Patent Office revoked the original decision and granted Guglielmo Marconi the radio patent. After that, Tesla began his battle for the radio patent. In 1906, on the occasion of his 50th birthday, Tesla demonstrated his 200 hp (150 kW) bladeless turbine that ran at 1,500 rpm. Between 1900 and 1911, at the Waterside Power Station in New York, some of his bladeless turbine engines were tested to 100–5,000 horsepower.
Edit this field theory
The 81-year-old Tesla claimed that he had completed the "Dynamic Theory of Gravity". He said the theory "works flawlessly in every detail" and he hopes to announce it to the world as soon as possible. This theory has never been officially published. This theory seemed absurd based on the scientific basis at the time. Some even suspected that Tesla never fully arrived at a unified field theory.
Edit this paragraph Theoretical Inventions
Tesla began to theorize about the possibility of warping (or simply changing) space and time using electricity and magnetism, and wanted to make it possible controlled by people. Towards the end of his life, Tesla was fascinated by wave-particle duality, the theory that electromagnetic waves are both waves and particles, a proposition that had long been incorporated into quantum physics. Tesla's research in this field gave him the idea of ??manipulating a certain pattern of electromagnetic waves to create a "wall of light." This mysterious wall can cause time, space, gravity and matter to be changed by will, and produce a series of things that seem to only appear in science fiction novels, including anti-gravity spacecraft, space teleportation and time travel (for details, see the movie " "Deadly Magic"). Perhaps his most bizarre invention is the "mind camera" machine. Tesla imagined that when a consciousness is formed in the brain, a corresponding pattern will appear on the retina, and this electronic file transmitted through neurons can be read and recorded by a machine. This information can then be processed by an artificial optic nerve and played back on the screen (see the movie "The Final Cut" for details).
Edit this paragraph The influence of Nikola Tesla
In the United States, Tesla’s reputation in history or popular culture is comparable to that of any other inventor or scientist . After he demonstrated wireless communication in 1893 and became the winner of the Battle of the Electric Currents, he became highly respected as one of America's greatest electrical engineers. Many of his early results became precursors to modern electrical engineering, and many of his discoveries were of groundbreaking importance. In 1943, the U.S. Supreme Court recognized him as the inventor of radio. Tesla never cared about his financial situation and died poor and forgotten. Tesla’s legacy can be seen everywhere in the modern world of electricity. In addition to his achievements in electromagnetics and engineering, Tesla is also considered to have contributed to various fields such as robotics, ballistics, information science, nuclear physics, and theoretical physics. In his later years, Tesla was regarded as a mad scientist and was noted for his claims to create bizarre scientific inventions. Many of his achievements have been used with some controversy to support many pseudosciences, such as UFO theory and New Age occult theory. Tesla's contemporary admirers regard him as "the man who created the twentieth century." At a U.S. Congressional meeting on July 10, 1990, more than 10 U.S. senators not only commemorated Tesla's 134th birthday, but also praised his contribution to electricity science and how he changed mankind's understanding of the concept of power generation. . Even in this Congress meeting, Tesla was praised as a greater contribution than Edison (the inventor of direct current) in his lifetime.
Achievements
In the United States, Tesla’s reputation in history or popular culture rivals that of any other inventor or scientist.
After he demonstrated wireless communication in 1893 and became the winner of the Battle of the Electric Currents, he became highly respected as one of America's greatest electrical engineers. Many of his early results became precursors to modern electronic engineering, and many of his discoveries were groundbreaking and important. In 1943, the U.S. Supreme Court recognized him as the inventor of radio. In his later years, Tesla was regarded as a mad scientist and was noted for his claims to create bizarre scientific inventions. Many of his achievements have been used with some controversy to support many pseudosciences, such as UFO theory and New Age occult theories. Tesla's contemporary admirers regard him as "the man who created the twentieth century." He is a great man forgotten by the world. He invented the alternator, and Edison loved the DC generator he invented, so he worked with some companies to suppress Tesla. If Tesla had not been forced to give up the patent rights of alternating current for the world to use for free ($2.53 per horsepower), he would be the richest man in the world. His dream is to provide the world with inexhaustible energy. Tesla never cared about his financial situation and died poor and forgotten at the age of 86. Although he was a genius, it is a pity that not many people remember him. Tesla made contributions to various fields such as robotics, ballistics, information science, nuclear physics, and theoretical physics. In addition to the above, he himself has special powers, and is also related to weird inventions such as super powers, flying saucers, and particle beam weapons. Even the Tunguska explosion was suspected to be related to him. But after Tesla's death was made public, the government-affiliated Bureau of Foreign Assets Supervision and Administration still obtained his research materials and patents. At the time of his death, Tesla continued his research on teleforce weapons and death rays. Although he was unsuccessful in selling these weapons to the U.S. War Department. His proposed death ray appears to be related to his work on ball lightning and plasma, and is believed to be a particle beam weapon. The U.S. government has found no safe prototype device. After the War Department contacted the FBI, his research was declared top secret. On the advice of presidential advisors, all of his personal belongings were seized; John Edgar Hoover declared all of Tesla's research top secret due to the nature of Tesla's inventions and patents. After Tesla invented the "alternating current generator", he began to study the feasibility of "free energy". In 1889, he built a laboratory in Colorado Springs, USA, and concentrated on studying the principles and reactions of the "Tesla coil". In 1895, when his invention career was at its peak, a bizarre fire burned down the entire laboratory. Half of his life's research efforts, all precious research equipment and scientific experiment materials were burned. Sri Lanka's economy suffered serious losses. Under this cruel blow, he was at a loss. After a long period of silence and recovery, Nikola Tesla came back from the pain in 1901 and looked for partners. As a result, he got the world's richest man J.P. Morgan (J.Pierpont Morgan). With an investment of US$150,000 and a loan of another US$1 million, the first large-scale "Tesla Coil" was built on Long Island in the United States to provide "wireless communication" and "wireless power transmission" on both sides of the Atlantic. This world broadcasting system was named "Wardendyffe Project".
Quotes
When a natural hobby develops into a strong desire, a person will stride towards his goal at an alarming speed. ——Tesla
The invention of alternating current
In 1888, many newspapers reported that the famous inventor Thomas Edison claimed that Nikola Tesla ) is a major "heresy" in the scientific community. The alternating current (AC) he invented directly affects the safety of human life. Tesla's death ray and infinite long-distance transmission of 100 million volt electrical devices
and repeatedly demonstrated dogs How cats and cats died instantly after passing through alternating current (the "electric chair" death penalty was inspired by this - it is said that in order to combat alternating current, Edison bribed some state government officials in the United States to change the local death penalty from hanging to direct current electrocution. Direct current can be Electrocution will not kill anyone, but it will electrocute all the prisoners half to death).
But in fact, today everyone knows how much the world needs alternating current. The invention of alternating current improved people's lives, enhanced industrial development and accelerated scientific progress. But why did Edison repeatedly attack alternating current and its inventor, Tesla? The answer is that the emergence of alternating current directly threatened Edison's direct current business. Because there are too many shortcomings and limitations in using direct current. For example, DC power is not conducive to long-distance transmission, and power stations must be added every 1 kilometer, but AC power can be transformed by transformers for long-distance transmission. Using DC power is more expensive, and its efficiency is far less than that of AC power. Based on conflicts of interest, Edison tried his best to suppress Tesla's invention. Prior to this, Tesla invented 24 new products for the great scientist Edison, including a series of redesigns of DC generators and DC motors, which were patented by Edison and mass-produced. Edison also made a lot of money from it, but Edison refused to give Tesla the promised bonuses, not even a salary increase, and said it was "American humor." As a result, Tesla became angry and broke away from Edison and his company. This was the prelude to the historic War of Currents. In 1888,
Tesla received the support of George Westinghouse, an entrepreneur from Westing House, to develop an alternating current system that had been conceived for 6 years. Half a year later, the AC generator he developed was patented, and he was invited by the American Institute of Electrical Engineers to explain and demonstrate the research results of the AC system. Because the efficiency of alternating current is far superior to that of direct current, alternating current began to be widely used and gradually replaced the traditional direct current. Driven by profit, Edison vigorously criticized Tesla and branded him a "scientific heretic", and a scientific persecution began. Although alternating current has become the mainstream of industrial and social power supply and a necessity in our daily lives, the name of Nikola Tesla has always been forgotten, and has not even received due justice. This is the masterpiece of "orthodox" science.
Niagara Hydropower Station
If you have ever been to Niagara Falls (Niagara Falls) in the United States, I believe everyone will sincerely admire this magnificent spectacle. Tens of thousands of tons of river water converged from all directions, pouring down with the force of landslides and ground cracks. The rumbling sound of the sudden impact of the river water was terrifying. This ever-flowing river contains unexpectedly rich resources.
Tesla Coil (16 photos) In 1897, the first 100,000-horsepower power station was built in the world-famous Niagara Hydropower Station, which became the city of Buffalo, New York (The City of New York) 35 kilometers away. Buffalo's main source of power. Since then, more than a dozen large and small power stations have been built one after another, and the electricity produced every day is enough to supply a quarter of the total demand of New York State in the United States and Ontario, Canada. To this day, this power construction, which was built over 100 years ago, is still operating as usual and has never stopped producing natural energy. It can be said to be a miracle in the scientific history of mankind in the past century. This century-old miracle in science is a design created by the genius scientist Tesla in his thirties, which exclusively used 9 of his patented inventions, including the alternating current generator and alternating current transmission invented by Tesla. technology. In fact, at that time, industrial and commercial, public facilities and household appliances all used expensive direct current. Because of the losses in the circuit, when using direct current, a generator set must be built every one kilometer. Therefore, when building the Niagara Hydropower Station, it was impossible to transmit the power in the form of direct current to Buffalo, New York, 35 kilometers away. Therefore, when building the Niagara Hydropower Station, the Americans adopted the AC power supply and transmission technology invented by Tesla, and used high-voltage power to achieve long-distance power supply. This epoch-making invention not only solves the problem of long-distance power supply from the Niagara Hydropower Station, but also brings people a convenient and cheap electricity consumption environment. Later, a bronze statue of Tesla was erected in Niagara Falls Park to commemorate his contribution to the Niagara Hydropower Station.